直升機英語詞匯

1、英文釋義中文釋義備注說明一、基礎(chǔ)詞匯1、直升機種類single-rotorhelicopter單旋翼帶尾槳式直(withtailrotor)升機tandemrotorshelicopter縱列式雙旋翼直升機side-by-siderotorshelicopter橫列式雙旋翼直升機coaxialrotorshelicopter共軸雙旋翼式直升機tip-drivenrotorshelicopter葉尖推動式直升機tiltrotorshelicopter傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼式飛機autogyro旋翼機compoundhelicopter復(fù)合式直升機2、常有作使勁thrust推力加上coefficient，即相應(yīng)

2、系數(shù)，例：升力系數(shù)lift升力propulsion推動力跟發(fā)動機相關(guān)的profiledrag型阻力aerodynamicdrag氣動阻力dragforce阻力centrifugalforce離心力parasitedrag廢阻力protuberancedrag因為機身崛起物所帶來的阻力nose-down/noseupmoment低頭力矩/仰頭力矩關(guān)于迎角來說，仰頭為正，低頭為負3、直升機的一些零件rotorshaft旋轉(zhuǎn)軸mainrotoraxis主旋翼軸aft尾部fairing整流裝置機身包含nose-section、fuselage機身corss-sectionshape、afterbody

3、taper、camber幾個部分組成auxiliarycomponents協(xié)助元件gasturbineengine燃氣渦流發(fā)動機pistonengine活塞式發(fā)動機hub槳轂controlcolumn駕駛桿cockpit駕駛艙能夠回收的起落架retractionundercarriagelandinggear起落架(輪式的是wheel，雪橇式的是skid)enginenacelle發(fā)動機艙deflector變流裝置canopy座艙罩airframe機身主要相對氣動剖析而言的觀點propeller螺旋槳（推動器）相對旋翼機而言articulatedrotorhinglessrotor鉸接式旋翼無

4、鉸式旋翼鉸接articulation4、數(shù)學(xué)觀點equationformulaiterativenon-dimensionalizecoefficentempiricalfactordimensionlessquantityharmonictermssecondharmoniccontrolnumericalmethodlinearizationofsmallperturbationpolynomialvectorsumdisplacementevaluate等式公式迭代的無因次化系數(shù)經(jīng)驗系數(shù)無因次量各階諧波項二階諧波控制數(shù)值方法小擾動線性化多項式矢量和位移求的值5、直升機的基本參數(shù)rotor

5、diameterrotorradiusdiscloadingfigureofmerittwist/negative槳盤半徑單位槳盤載荷相對效率扭度/負扭centerofgravity重心angularvelocity角速度chordlength弦長spanwisewidth展向?qū)挾萻olidityfactor實度collectivepitch總距span葉素全長Locknumber洛克數(shù)power-to-weightration功重比pitch俯仰roll滾轉(zhuǎn)head偏航sweepback后掠角stiffness剛度剛體的:rigidconingangle錐度角anglefoincidence

6、(attack)迎角offset偏置常用在揮動鉸偏置中Aspectratio展弦比二、直升機空氣動力學(xué)1、滑流理論英文釋義中文釋義備注說明momentumtheory滑流理論verticalflight垂直飛翔hover懸停indescent/verticaldescent/verticalclimb降落/上漲inducedpower/velocity引誘功率/速度outflow流出流inflow流入流disc槳盤streamtube流管線flowpattern流型steady/unstead定常/非定常downwash/upwash下洗流/上洗流kineticenergy動能compress

7、ibilityeffect壓縮性效應(yīng)tiploss葉尖損失2、葉素理論BladeElementTheory/ElementaryBladeTheory葉素理論sectionshape剖面inflowangle來流角airfoil翼型bladeincidence槳葉迎角liftslop升力線斜率bladespan翼展（相關(guān)于旋翼而言）leadingedgeblade前緣trailingedge后緣槳葉沿半徑從內(nèi)向外分為三個部分：inboard、mid-span、tippartsnon-uniformflow非均勻來流idealtwist儒氏旋翼blademeanliftcoefficient均勻

8、升力系數(shù)與升力系數(shù)不是同一個觀點3、渦流理論部分英文釋義中文釋義備注說明tipvortex槳尖渦vortex-ring(state)渦環(huán)（狀態(tài)）vortex的復(fù)數(shù)vorticesturbulent-wakestate紊流狀態(tài)wakevortices尾跡渦vortexcylinder渦柱面trailingvortexsystem尾跡渦系wakevortices尾跡streamwisevortices流向渦discrete分別的三、前飛理論部分英文釋義中文釋義備注說明advanceratio行進比advancingside前行槳葉retreatingside后行槳葉flappingmotion揮動

9、運動flappinghinge揮動鉸flappingcoefficient揮動系數(shù)regionofreversedflow反流區(qū)EquilibriumEquation力均衡方程Coriolisforce/moment哥氏力/哥氏力力矩interiaforce/moments慣性力restrainingforce拘束力gravitationalforce/moments重力/力矩damping阻尼mechanicaldamper機械阻尼器gyroscopicmoment陀螺力矩crosscoupling交錯耦合oscillatorybendingstress振蕩曲折應(yīng)力rollmoment滾轉(zhuǎn)力

10、矩resultantforce/moment協(xié)力/協(xié)力矩AbecommunicatedtoB力A傳到Blead-laghinge擺振鉸featheringhinge變距鉸oncomingstreamdirection迎流方向referenceplane參照面separatedflow氣流分別全稱:retreatingbladestallbladestalling槳尖失速全稱:advancingbladecompressiblitydragriseazimuthangle方向角shockinducedflowseperation激波-氣流分別stallingcharacteristic失速特征f

11、reestreamdynamicpressure自由來流動壓boundarylayer附面層asymmetry/symmetry不對稱/對稱flowreversl氣流反向horizontaltailplane水平平定面verticalfin垂直平定面lateral/longitudinalcycliccoefficient橫向/縱向周期變距headwind頂風(fēng)tailwind順風(fēng)四、性能計算部分：英文釋義中文釋義備注說明performanceassessment性能評估helicopterperformancecalculation直升機性能計算groundeffect地面效應(yīng)autorota

12、tion自轉(zhuǎn)飛翔highrateofclimb懸停升限windtunneltest風(fēng)洞測試patrol/loitertask巡航飛翔cruisespeed巡航速度weightcapability承重能力rateofclimb爬升率absoluteceiling絕對升限serviceceiling適用升限optimumspeed最正確速度minimumrateofdescent最小降落率maximumedurance/loitertime最大續(xù)航時間maximumglidedistance最大航行距離maximumrange最大航行里程maximumspeed最大速度specificrange比航程dihedralaction上反作用longitudinal/lateraltrimequation縱向/橫向配平方程shaftpower軸功率powerrequirement需用功率inducedrequirement引誘功率