Ileitis豬回腸炎課件

1、這是什麼病?.這是什麼病?.答案豬增生性腸炎(PPE, Procine Proliferative Enterpathy)又叫迴腸炎(Ileitis).答案豬增生性腸炎(PPE, Procine Prolifer這是新的豬病嗎?不，這不是一種新病。但我們對(duì)它卻到最近才有完整的了解。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)迴腸炎是造成養(yǎng)豬業(yè)重大損失的疾病。.這是新的豬病嗎?不，這不是一種新病。但我們對(duì)它卻到最近才有完豬迴腸炎Ileitis 美國(guó)禮來(lái)大藥廠.豬迴腸炎Ileitis 美國(guó)禮來(lái)大藥廠.過(guò)去我們認(rèn)為這些疾病不相關(guān)豬增生性腸炎PPE增生性出血性腸炎PHE迴腸炎Ileitis壞死性腸炎Necrotic Enteritis出

2、血性迴腸炎bloody form ileitis增生性腸道病變Proliferative Enteropathy水管腸道病Garden hose Gut豬腸道Porcine intestinal adenomatosis ( PIA ).過(guò)去我們認(rèn)為這些疾病不相關(guān).現(xiàn)在我們知道這些疾病都是同一種病原所引發(fā)的不同型態(tài)及臨床癥狀迴腸炎亞臨床型迴腸炎非出血型迴腸炎急性出血型迴腸炎.現(xiàn)在我們知道這些疾病都是同一種病原所引發(fā)的不同型態(tài)及臨床癥狀過(guò)去我們認(rèn)為這些疾病可能是由許多不同病原所引發(fā)榛狀菌Campylobacter sputorum類棒狀菌微生物Campylobacter-like organis

3、m.過(guò)去我們認(rèn)為這些疾病可能是由許多不同病原所引發(fā).現(xiàn)在我們知道1995年發(fā)現(xiàn)且正式命名迴腸炎的致病原為一種專門寄生在腸道上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)的:細(xì)胞內(nèi)寄生拉森菌Lawsonia Intracellularis免疫螢光.現(xiàn)在我們知道1995年發(fā)現(xiàn)且正式命名免疫螢光.過(guò)去我們不重視迴腸炎,因?yàn)?病原不明診斷方法不明(僅能經(jīng)由死後剖檢)容易與沙門氏菌或豬赤痢混淆對(duì)於該病的亞臨床型及慢性型了解有限豬場(chǎng)的流行狀況及經(jīng)濟(jì)損失不明罹病率及疾病在豬場(chǎng)的重要性被低估.過(guò)去我們不重視迴腸炎,因?yàn)?病原不明.增生性腸病最常被稱為增生性腸炎或迴腸炎仔豬離乳後的腸道疾病目前已知是造成豬隻下痢及生長(zhǎng)不良的重要疾病.增生性腸病最常

4、被稱為增生性腸炎或迴腸炎.病原細(xì)胞內(nèi)寄生拉森菌Lawsonia Intracellularis對(duì)腸道細(xì)胞具親和力，因而感染腸細(xì)胞G(-)專性厭氧菌專性細(xì)胞內(nèi)寄生之細(xì)菌.病原細(xì)胞內(nèi)寄生拉森菌Lawsonia Intracellu致病機(jī)制拉森菌寄生於迴腸及結(jié)腸上段的腸道上皮細(xì)胞中受感染的細(xì)胞開(kāi)始不正常增生，增生細(xì)胞多為未成熟上皮細(xì)胞增生的細(xì)胞使腸壁厚度增加腸道失去正常的消化及吸收功能其它細(xì)菌的二次感染.致病機(jī)制拉森菌寄生於迴腸及結(jié)腸上段的腸道上皮細(xì)胞中.上皮細(xì)胞不正常增生不成熟的上皮細(xì)胞增生因而使腸壁不正常增厚增厚的腸壁影響腸道正常功能細(xì)菌性二次感染機(jī)會(huì)增加受感染的上皮細(xì)胞脫落後經(jīng)由糞便排出並感染

5、其它豬隻寄生於細(xì)胞內(nèi)的拉森菌豬迴腸橫切面.上皮細(xì)胞不正常增生不成熟的上皮細(xì)胞增生因而使腸壁不正常增厚增臨床癥狀潛伏期約2-3週急性出血性迴腸炎亞臨床型迴腸炎亞臨床型慢性.臨床癥狀潛伏期約2-3週.急性出血性迴腸炎又稱增生性出血性腸炎(PHE)急性好發(fā)於後備母豬及肥育豬(15-17 週齡)長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸後或新進(jìn)場(chǎng)母豬好發(fā)於規(guī)模大豬場(chǎng)雜菌清除後造成拉森菌增生?豬隻感染後糞便呈現(xiàn)黑色瀝青狀豬隻呈現(xiàn)蒼白貧血高死亡率(約6-20%)未死亡可逐漸康復(fù).急性出血性迴腸炎又稱增生性出血性腸炎(PHE)豬隻感染後.非出血性迴腸炎亞臨床型迴腸炎最常發(fā)生於哺育豬(15-30 Kg體重)肥育前期豬隻次之生長(zhǎng)性能不良整齊度差

6、攝飼料減少增重降低籵肉比增加.非出血性迴腸炎亞臨床型迴腸炎.非出血性迴腸炎慢性迴腸炎最常發(fā)生於肥育後期豬隻(30-70 Kg體重)哺育豬次之10-50%豬隻下痢呈現(xiàn)半固體軟便顏色不規(guī)則通常不帶血絲糞便中含有壞死性組織病程可維持?jǐn)?shù)天至數(shù)週逐漸變成壞死性腸炎,預(yù)後不良體重減輕,皮毛粗剛,生長(zhǎng)不良死亡.非出血性迴腸炎慢性迴腸炎.慢性迴腸炎經(jīng)常發(fā)生於哺育豬及肥育前期豬隻(20-50 Kg).病豬生長(zhǎng)不良，整齊度差10-50%豬隻呈現(xiàn)軟便至下痢生長(zhǎng)性能不良飼養(yǎng)管理的改變經(jīng)常造成疾病爆發(fā)換欄或運(yùn)輸換料(攝飼料減少)停藥或換藥溫差過(guò)太密飼黴菌毒素可能的二次感染病原梭菌榛狀菌大腸桿菌.慢性迴腸炎經(jīng)常發(fā)生於哺育

7、豬及肥育前期豬隻(20-50 Kg).整齊度不佳.整齊度不佳.迴腸部位出現(xiàn)血塊.迴腸部位出現(xiàn)血塊.迴腸粘膜出血.迴腸粘膜出血.粘膜增厚.粘膜增厚.腸壁增厚.腸壁增厚.疾病傳播-經(jīng)口感染人員散播污染的糞便鼠類傳播外來(lái)後備母豬母豬傳播給仔豬平行感染鳥(niǎo)類傳播.疾病傳播-經(jīng)口感染人員散播污染的糞便鼠類傳播外來(lái)後備母豬母豬迴腸炎的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失豬隻消化道的吸收消化等功能受損增重降低料肉比增加整齊度下降豬場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)線受阻淘汰豬隻增加死亡率增加1-5%治療投藥成本增加人工及管理費(fèi)用增加.迴腸炎的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失豬隻消化道的吸收消化等功能受損.Impact of ileitis on the performance. 5 ex

8、perimental infections. Ref: McOrist et al., 1997 Veterinary Record, 140: 579-581迴腸炎的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失第一組第二組第三組第四組第五組.Impact of ileitis on the perfo迴腸炎診斷.迴腸炎診斷.鑑別診斷豬赤痢病原:Brachyspira hyodysenteriae下痢糞便中夾帶粘膜及鮮血死亡率較高螺旋體結(jié)腸炎病原:Brachyspira pilosicoli下痢帶粘膜，但不帶血腸道沙門氏桿菌病原:傷寒沙門氏桿菌水痢發(fā)高熱死亡率高鞭蟲(chóng)腸扭轉(zhuǎn)胃潰瘍黴菌毒素慢性傳染性胃腸炎.鑑別診斷豬赤痢腸道沙門氏桿

9、菌.屠宰場(chǎng)剖檢屠宰後以腸壁變厚作為判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)無(wú)特異性敏感性低(容易低估真正感染比率).屠宰場(chǎng)剖檢屠宰後以腸壁變厚作為判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn).組織病理學(xué)死後豬隻採(cǎi)腸道組織進(jìn)行Warthin Starry鍍銀法或Hematoxylin Eosin染色法.組織病理學(xué)死後豬隻採(cǎi)腸道組織進(jìn)行.實(shí)驗(yàn)室PCR(Polymerase chain reaction)以拉森菌存在與否決定高特異性(100%)低敏感性(39%)活體動(dòng)物亦可進(jìn)行(糞便)極少量菌體即可測(cè)得，但感染豬隻必須在排毒期方可測(cè)得，所以測(cè)得結(jié)果僅能針對(duì)單一豬隻，無(wú)法判斷全場(chǎng)感染狀況成本昂貴.實(shí)驗(yàn)室PCR(Polymerase chain react實(shí)驗(yàn)室血清學(xué)方

10、法-Ileitest利用免疫螢光抗體法檢測(cè)感染(曾感染)豬隻的IgG抗體最新研發(fā)科技高持異性91%高敏感性97%好處可知全場(chǎng)疾病感染動(dòng)向,進(jìn)而可進(jìn)行治療或控制成本低廉一般實(shí)驗(yàn)室即可進(jìn)行.實(shí)驗(yàn)室血清學(xué)方法-Ileitest利用免疫螢光抗體法檢測(cè)感陽(yáng)性結(jié)果判讀陰性.陽(yáng)性結(jié)果判讀陰性.Ileitest 流行率調(diào)查陽(yáng)性比率豬場(chǎng)%.Ileitest 流行率調(diào)查陽(yáng)性比率豬場(chǎng)%.15%35%35%25%35%50%30%全球流行率 屠宰時(shí)以PCR檢查.15%35%35%25%35%50%30%全球流行率 屠宰時(shí)迴腸炎的治療及控制.迴腸炎的治療及控制.控制 1飼養(yǎng)管理全進(jìn)全出強(qiáng)力清潔及消毒(使用非氛類消毒劑)

11、檢測(cè)外來(lái)的後備母豬避免應(yīng)激因子, 包括密飼, 通風(fēng)不良,溫差太大*Bane y col. Proc. 15 IPVS Congress ,1998.控制 1飼養(yǎng)管理.泰農(nóng)(泰樂(lè)菌素)控制 2含藥飼料添加物選擇有效的抗生素藥物敏感性高(MIC值低)可以進(jìn)入腸道細(xì)胞並在細(xì)胞中蓄積進(jìn)入細(xì)胞後仍能保持藥物活性.泰農(nóng)(泰樂(lè)菌素)控制 2含藥飼料添加物.拉森菌附著在腸道上皮細(xì)胞表面,2小時(shí)鑽入細(xì)胞內(nèi)後泰農(nóng)穿透進(jìn)入上皮細(xì)胞阻斷拉森菌的核醣體作用xxx腸道上皮細(xì)胞拉森菌x泰農(nóng)進(jìn)入腸道細(xì)胞蓄積潛伏期二週.拉森菌附著在腸道上皮細(xì)胞表面,2小時(shí)鑽入細(xì)胞內(nèi)後泰農(nóng)xxx腸預(yù)防及控制預(yù)防高爆發(fā)期或預(yù)期應(yīng)激出現(xiàn)時(shí)開(kāi)始投藥每

12、噸飼料投予100克泰農(nóng),連續(xù)投予21天之後21天每噸飼料投予40克泰農(nóng)之後至上巿為止每噸飼料投予20克泰農(nóng)控制出現(xiàn)臨床癥狀即開(kāi)始在每噸飼料中投予100克泰農(nóng),連續(xù)投予21天之後21天每噸飼料投予40克泰農(nóng)之後至上巿為止每噸飼料投予20克泰農(nóng).預(yù)防及控制預(yù)防控制.我們的未知帶原者?豬場(chǎng)的感染狀態(tài)?分娩時(shí)是否會(huì)排菌?保毒者?如何撲滅?免疫反應(yīng)及疫苗?.我們的未知帶原者?.Macroscopic lesionsProliferation (thickening of the mucosa)Last 20 cm of the ileum- proximal colon.Mucosal foldings

13、.Reticulated serosa.Secondary infections might form necrotic pseudomembranes.Macroscopic lesionsProliferati迴腸炎的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失Up to 0.8 increase in FCR and 14 days more to slaughter.Winkelman, Proc. AASP, 1987From 1 to 6% increase in mortalityWard y Winkelman, Vet. Med., 1990Clinical duration between 6 and 8 w

14、eeks and up to 15% cullsWinkelman, The compendium, 1996McOrist, J. Comp. Pathol, 1996.迴腸炎的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失Up to 0.8 increase in Ref: McOrist et al., 1997 Veterinary Record, 140: 579-581迴腸炎的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失Indirect effects of ileitisNegative impact on growth during a critical period for lean deposition (12-20 weeks)Changes

15、the fat/lean ratio, devaluating the value of the carcass. (increase in back fat).Ref: McOrist et al., 1997 VeteIleiTest : Mexico farms%39 farmsAGE weeks.IleiTest : Mexico farms%39 far%Age weeks19 Companies, 500 - 8000 Sows each one,120 samples by company / 20 samples each group of ageIleitest : Prof

16、ile / Mexico Region.%Age weeks19 Companies, 500 - IleiTest : Profile on farm AAge weeks% Positivesamples20 blood samples each group of age for Ileitest20 fecal samples each group of age for PCR.IleiTest : Profile on farm AAgUnderstanding: Ileitest / Other disease ( PRRS ) Farm A S/P.727S/P1.915S/P1.

17、024S/P1.708S/P1.294S/P1.123-Viremia of PRRS, destabilization-Increase (+) to Lawsonia but without clinical signs Pigs stabilize to PRRS- Increase pigs % ( + ) to LawsoniaIleitis cause: - clinical signs - Lesion%Age weeks.Understanding: Ileitest / OtheFarm B Understanding Dynamic Diseases%Age weeksS/

18、P1.367S/P0.870S/P1.3S/P1.645S/P1.639S/P1.433.Farm B Understanding Dynamic Farm CS/P0.667S/P2.64S/P1.942S/P1.744S/P1.706%Age weeks.Farm CS/P0.667S/P2.64S/P1.942SFarm D / Ileitis%Age weeks.Farm D / Ileitis%Age weeks.Seroprofile / IleiTestTo understand who Lawsonia is moving in the farmTo get the corre

19、lation with clinical signsIs important to know which others diseases there are at the farmTo know which others disease increase the dissemination of Lawsonia and the economical impact of Ileitis .Seroprofile / IleiTestTo underLawsonia at the infectionOrally inoculated pigs using L. intracellularisDo

20、se: 1.0 X 108 to 8.0 X 108 organisms Diarrhea began 2 weeks post challengepersisted 1-2 weeksNot necessary all the pigs sick show diarrhea.Excretion during weeks 2 to 10 after the challenge in 20-50% of the pigsSome of the pig shed 7.0 X 108 organisms/gram of fecesStudy suggests one infected pig may

21、 shed enough to infect othersDisease may persist in few who infect othersThe effect on the ADG is from 3 to 9 weeks after inoculateSmith & McOrist. Res Vet Sci. 1997;62(1):6-10.Lawsonia at the infectionOrallRef: McOrist et al., 1997 Veterinary Record, 140: 579-581Economic impact of ileitisIleitis ma

22、y cost from US $ 1.48 to US $ 22.19 per affected pig, depending on disease severity, duration, feed convertion mortality and numer of culled pigsIndirect effects of ileitisNegative impact on growth during a critical period for lean deposition (12-20 weeks)Changes the fat/lean ratio, devaluating the

23、value of the carcass. (increase in back fat).Ref: McOrist et al., 1997 VeteControl StrategyDiagnosisDisease ( Ileitest/IFA, PCR, Histophatology)Disease form ( subclinic, chronic, hemorrhagyc ) Control risk factorsSerologic profile Ileitest to understand the correlation with clinical signsStrategic m

24、edication programAccording to Ileitest and clinical signs Control other disease Salmonella, PRDC, PRRS, etc.Control StrategyDiagnosis.Control risk factorsReduce stress associated to movement.Decrease mixing.Reduce vicious environment:Incorrect ventilation.Temperature fluctuation.Avoid overcrowding.A

25、dequate feeder space and water flow.High quality diets.Control of other diseases.Control risk factorsReduce strMedication Program Farm AAccording to Ileitest and clinical signs.Use of intracelular activity antibiotic.Tylan 110 ppm weeks 16 to 18S/P.437S/P.202S/P.718S/P1.708S/P1.294S/P1.123.Medicatio

26、n Program Farm AAccorMedication Program. Farm D%Tylan 110 ppm weeks 6 - 9 .Medication Program. Farm D%TylMedication Program. Acute haemorrhagic form:Replacement gilts: Tylan* 110 ppm at least 3 weeks.Grower and Finisher: 70kg. to Market, use 110 ppm, Tylan* (control and prevention)Note: The dose in mg/kg bw with Tylan* for control of Ileitis is 3 - 5 mg/ke bw with 110 ppm, for this reason in the case of gilt and sows is necessary to review the feed intake to adjust the dose according to consumption.Medicati