版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
1、語言學(xué)概論brainandlanguageThe Human BrainIntroductionThe complexities of human cognitive abilities and language acquisitionBrain is the source of human language and cognition.The most complex organ of the bodyCortex (gray matter) decision-making memories grammarWhite matterContralateral functionThe Local
2、ization of LanguageWhich parts of the brain are responsible for linguistic abilities?Franz Joseph Gall LocalizationOrganology(phrenology)Brain is not a uniform mass.AphasiaRelationship between brain and languageLanguage disorder caused by disease or traumaBrocas area v.s. Wernickes areaLateralizatio
3、nMost aphasics do not show total language loss. The language disorder is generally related to the location of the brain damage. Brocas aphasia injuries to the left frontal lobe Wernickes aphasia injuries to the left temporal lobe Brocas areaWernickes areaI. Brocas aphasia (agrammatic aphasia)Syndrom
4、es : A. Labored speech B. Word-finding difficulties C. Problems in forming sentences with the rules of syntax D. Language produced is often agrammatic Q: What is “agrammatic” ? A: It frequently lacks articles, prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs. lacks function words The omission of function wor
5、ds in the speech of agrammatic aphasics shows that function words are mentally distinct from content words. E. May typically omit inflections the past tense suffix ed e.g. I watch TV for three hours this morning. the third person singular verb ending s e.g. She like playing the piano.eds F. Have dif
6、ficulty understanding complex sentences in which they cannot rely on their real-world knowledge. more difficulty for aphasia people: e.g. Which girl did the boy kiss? less difficulty for aphasia people: e.g. Which book did the boy read? II. Wernickes aphasiaWernickes aphasics can produce fluent spee
7、ch and adhere to the rules of syntax. Syndromes: A. Their language is often semantically incoherent. fork a need for a schedule when asking about poor vision My wires dont hire right. B. Have difficulty naming objects presented to them C. Have difficulty choosing words in spontaneous speech often pr
8、oduce jargon and nonsense words Jargon aphasiaSevere Wernickes aphasia is often referred to as jargon aphasia.Syndrome: substitute new word for original wordWord substitutions that aphasic patients produce also tell us about how words are organized in the mental lexicon. sounds meaning pool tool tab
9、le chair sable table boy girl crucial crucible.III. Acquired dyslexicsDyslexia: a condition that makes it difficult for someone to read and spell.Acquired dyslexics: people who become dyslexic after brain damage.The similar phenomenon of word substitutions may also happen to acquired dyslexics. (exa
10、mples on page 9)The similar syndrome of the omission of function words in the speech also happens to acquired dyslexics.(examples on page 10) These errors show that the mental lexicon has content words and function words in different compartments.IV. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenonThe tip-of the-tongue
11、 phenomenon is the failure to retrieve a word from memory, combined with partial recall and the feeling that retrieval is imminent. word-finding difficulties in speaking TOTWord finding difficulties is the fate of many aphasics.Anomia: the inability to find words you wish to speakV. Deaf Aphasic pat
12、ients Deaf patients with lesions in Brocas area Syndromes: dysfluent and agrammatic sign productionDeaf patients with lesions in Wernickes area Syndromes: have fluent but often semantically incoherent sign languageConclusionDeaf signers with damage to the left hemisphere show aphasia for sign langua
13、ge similar to the language breakdown in hearing aphasics. Brain Imaging TechnologyNoninvasive brain recording technologies1.Computer tomography(CT)2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Reveal lesions in the living brain shortly after the damage occurs.3. Positron emission tomography(PET)4.Functional M
14、RI(FmrI)5.Single photon emission CT(SPECT) Provide images of the brain in action.Other scanning techniques measure metabolic activity in particular areas of the brain1.Magnetic encephalography (MEG) This technique shows us how the healthy brain reacts to particular linguistic stimuli. Separation of
15、the cognitive systemEvidence: 1.fMRL & PET scans Differential activation in the normal brains in just those sites that were damaged in the aphasics. 2. neurological and behavioral findings Brain Plasticity and Lateralization in Early LifeLateralization of language to the left hemisphere is a process
16、 that begins very early in life.Infant as young as one week show a response right hemisphere music left hemisphere languageThe study found: during smiling greater opening of the left side of the mouth during babbling greater opening of the right side of the mouth more left hemisphere involvement eve
17、n at this very early stage of productive language developmentthe right hemisphere can take over the language functions that would normally reside in the left hemisphere.Hemispherectomyone hemisphere of the brain is surgically removed2.Treat otherwise intractable cases of epilepsyDoing left hemispher
18、ectomy After language acquisition has begun In children they experience an initial period of aphasia and then require a linguistic system that is virtually indistinguishable from normal children. In adults They inevitably lose severe language function Right hemisphere plays a role in the earliest st
19、ages of language acquisitionChildren with prenatal, perinatal, or childhood brain lesions in the right hemisphere babbling and vocabulary learning in the left hemisphere ability to form phrases and sentencesAlso, children who undergo right hemisphere hemispherectomy before two years of age dont deve
20、lop language. ConclusionHuman brain is essentially designed to specialize for language in the left hemisphere but that the right hemisphere is involved in early language development.Under the right circumstances, the brain is remarkably resilient and that if brain damage or surgery occurs early in l
21、ife, normal left hemisphere functions can be taken over by the right hemisphere.Spilt Brainreview:What is the corpus callosum?What is the word “spilt brain”? A. Definition an surgical technique to cut some or all corpus callosum of a personWhat will happen if people lose their corpus callosum? no co
22、mmunication between the left and the right hemispheres function independently An experiment on split-brain patients to show what will happen to people when the corpus callosum is severed. What significant information we get from this experiment? infer to the language lateralization in the left hemisphere knowing that two hemispheres of brain have different capacities Function of two halves: the right: pattern-matching t
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 學(xué)習(xí)成果展的準(zhǔn)備工作計(jì)劃
- 新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)大題突破+限時(shí)集訓(xùn)專題15 預(yù)測卷05(原卷版)
- 聚合工藝考試題庫及答案
- Unit+1+You+and+Me+-+Section+A(1a+-+1d)隨堂練習(xí) 人教版(2024)七年級英語上冊++
- 2024年浙江省杭州桐廬縣青少年宮招聘編外人員3人歷年高頻難、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)500題模擬試題附帶答案詳解
- 2024年浙江省杭州市西湖大學(xué)工學(xué)院李凌課題組博士后招聘3人歷年高頻難、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)500題模擬試題附帶答案詳解
- 2024年浙江省杭州市富陽區(qū)場口鎮(zhèn)人民政府招聘30人高頻難、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)500題模擬試題附帶答案詳解
- 2024年浙江省杭州富陽區(qū)市場監(jiān)督管理局編外招聘3人歷年高頻難、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)500題模擬試題附帶答案詳解
- 2024年浙江省寧波高新區(qū)新明街道辦事處招聘2人歷年高頻難、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)500題模擬試題附帶答案詳解
- 2024年浙江省寧波慈溪市殘疾人聯(lián)合會(huì)及所屬事業(yè)單位招聘編外3人歷年高頻難、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)500題模擬試題附帶答案詳解
- GB/T 43153-2023居家養(yǎng)老上門服務(wù)基本規(guī)范
- 簡述水庫大壩網(wǎng)格式護(hù)坡施工技術(shù)要點(diǎn)
- 文言文閱讀訓(xùn)練:蘇軾《范增論》(附答案解析與譯文)
- 有限空間作業(yè)安全檢查(自查)表
- 供應(yīng)鏈墊資采購合同范本
- 大學(xué)生安全教育(在校篇)學(xué)習(xí)通課后章節(jié)答案期末考試題庫2023年
- 如何“泡”開詩歌公開課一等獎(jiǎng)市賽課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件
- 中班科學(xué)《森林運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)》 課件
- 地下礦山安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考評報(bào)告
- 各類動(dòng)設(shè)備包括備用設(shè)備維護(hù)保養(yǎng)記錄
- DB42-T 1965-2023 公開版地圖地理信息審查工作規(guī)程
評論
0/150
提交評論