1.考研(完型填空)詞匯專題08-09

1、考研詞匯專題 完型填空專題Alex12009intelligence intelidns n. 智力；智慧；才智；聰明；悟性 情報(bào) 情報(bào)機(jī)關(guān)；情報(bào)人員 情報(bào)工作；搜集情報(bào)；交換情報(bào) 消息；信息 【計(jì)算機(jī)】智能 2fruit fly 實(shí)蠅科(Trypetidae)小蠅;果蠅 有誰會(huì)想到，一種紅眼、雙翅、羽狀觸角芒、身體分節(jié)、黃褐色的小昆蟲，在近百年間竟然能夠“培養(yǎng)”出好幾位獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的大科學(xué)家。它就是果蠅。 果蠅英文俗名fruit fly或vinegar fly ，果蠅廣泛地存在于全球溫帶及熱帶氣候區(qū)，而且由于其主食為腐爛的水果，因此在人類的棲息地內(nèi)如果園，菜市場等地區(qū)內(nèi)皆可見其蹤跡。除了南北

2、極外，目前至少有1000個(gè)以上的果蠅物種被發(fā)現(xiàn)，大部分的物種以腐爛的水果等為食。3tend tend vi. 趨向，傾向；照料，照顧 vt. 照料，照管 People tend to visit this site from work. 人們趨于從工作訪問這個(gè)地點(diǎn)。 Fare tend to go down in the autumn and rise again at Christmas. 交通票價(jià)秋季時(shí)趨于下降，而圣誕節(jié)期間又開始回升。 4high-priced haipraist adj. 高價(jià)的，昂貴的 The company undertaking: Acting maintenan

3、ce rental and all these high-priced recycling of construction machinery. 本公司兼營：代理、維修、出租、并高價(jià)回收以上各種工程機(jī)械。 Before Microsoft came along, there really was no software industry was just a few companies selling very high-priced software only to companies, big companies. 微軟成立之前并沒有真正的軟件業(yè)，只有幾家公司向另外一些大公司以高昂價(jià)格銷售

4、軟件而已。 5dim dim adj. 暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的，看不清的；悲觀的，懷疑的 vt. 使暗淡，使失去光澤；使變模糊 vi. 變模糊，變暗淡 When the music started, someone dimmed the lights. 樂曲開奏時(shí)就有人把舞臺(tái)上的燈光轉(zhuǎn)暗了。 Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life. 也許即使是微光可以使他們更希望有一個(gè)更美好的生活。 6turn out 生產(chǎn)；結(jié)果是，證明是；關(guān)掉；出動(dòng)；驅(qū)逐 The person I spoke to turned ou

5、t to be our new teacher.我找(他)說話的那個(gè)人原來是我們的新老師。It turned out that he failed the examination.原來他考試不及格。7upkeep pki:p n. (建筑物、設(shè)備等的)維護(hù)；維修；保養(yǎng) 維修費(fèi)；保養(yǎng)費(fèi) We can no longer afford the upkeep of a large house. 我們?cè)僖矡o法負(fù)擔(dān)一所大房子的維修費(fèi)用了。 8instinct instikt n. 本能；直覺 生性；本性；天性 天資；天分 沖動(dòng)；反應(yīng) adj. 充滿的；盈溢的(with) We sometimes act

6、 on instinct. 我們有時(shí)憑直覺行動(dòng)。 Cats live on instinct. 貓靠著本能生活。 Morality is the herd instinct in the individual. 道德是個(gè)人心目中的群居本能。 9adaptive value 【進(jìn)化論】適應(yīng)值亦作 selective value Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? 有限的智力是否有適應(yīng)值呢？ Why is bilateral symmetry of adaptive value for actively motile animals? 從輻射

7、對(duì)稱到兩側(cè)對(duì)稱是動(dòng)物在體制上的進(jìn)化。 10castvt. 投，拋；計(jì)算；澆鑄；投射（光、影、視線等） n. 投擲，拋；鑄件，鑄型；演員陣容；脫落物 vi. 投，拋垂釣魚鉤；計(jì)算，把幾個(gè)數(shù)字加起來 The boy cast a stone into the water. 男孩把一塊石頭扔進(jìn)水中。 The statue was cast in bronze. 這座雕像是用“青銅”鑄的。 The candle cast a dim light on the table.蠟燭在桌上投下黯淡的光。The high bell tower cast a long shadow on the grass.高高

8、的鐘樓在草地上投下長長的影子。He cast a glance at the headlines他看了一眼大標(biāo)題。11wistful wistful adj. 渴望的；向往的 深思的；憂思的 留戀的；依依不舍的 Her wistful face haunt my dreams like the rain at night. 她充滿渴望的容顏縈繞在我的夢(mèng)際如夜雨一般。 The child stood looking with wistful eyes at the toys in the shop window. 那個(gè)小孩站在那里用渴望的眼神看著商店櫥窗里的玩具。 12implicit impl

9、isit adj. 含蓄的，不講明的 內(nèi)含的，隱含的，固有的 毫不懷疑的；無保留的；絕對(duì)的 【心理學(xué)】含蓄的，內(nèi)隱的 This is probably the definition which most people do implicitly use in their private affairs. 這或許是大多數(shù)人在他們私人事務(wù)中暗中使用的一個(gè)定義。 When they do this, they are implicitly assuming that cumulative risk increases at a constant rate as you look further in

10、to the future. 當(dāng)它們這樣做的時(shí)候，它們隱含地假設(shè)：當(dāng)您關(guān)注遙遠(yuǎn)的未來時(shí)，累積風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)以一個(gè)不變的比率增加。 13operant conditioning 工具性學(xué)習(xí)，工具性條件反射，操作性條件反射 強(qiáng)化療法亦作 reinforcement therapy Operant conditioning forms an association between a behavior and a consequence. 增強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練法就是行為和結(jié)果之間的聯(lián)系。 In technical terms marker training is operant conditioning. Operan

11、t conditioning has been around for years. It is how Dolphins are trained at sea world. 響片訓(xùn)練用專業(yè)術(shù)語說是“增強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練法”。增強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練法已經(jīng)被使用多年。在海洋館里海豚就是使用這種方法訓(xùn)練的。 14fundamental ,fndmentl adj. 基本的，根本的 n. 基本原理；基本原則 They wished to emphasize more fundamental issues. 他們希望強(qiáng)調(diào)更重要的問題。 Obligation or duty is most fundamental concept

12、in ethics. 責(zé)任或義務(wù)是倫理學(xué)中最基本的概念。 Language economy principle is a fundamental one to guide language use. 語言經(jīng)濟(jì)原則是指導(dǎo)語言使用的一條根本原則。 15comprehensive ,kmprihensiv adj. 廣泛的；綜合的；包含多的，無所不包的，全面的 領(lǐng)悟的；有理解力的，能充分理解的 【保險(xiǎn)業(yè)】總體擔(dān)保的 n. 常用復(fù)數(shù)綜合測驗(yàn),專業(yè)綜合考試全稱comprehensive examination 綜合學(xué)校，綜合性中學(xué) I managed comprehensive administrati

13、on and comprehensive credit, in charge of administration and credit in the subbranch. 任行政綜合兼信貸綜合，負(fù)責(zé)支行行政管理工作及信貸綜合工作。 Our company is a comprehensive static control products production and sales enterprises, set the development, production, sales as one. 我公司是一家綜合性的靜電控制產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和銷售企業(yè)，集研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)、銷售為一體。 16equivale

14、nt ikwivlnt adj. 等價(jià)的，相等的；同意義的 n. 等價(jià)物，相等物 The two words are equivalent in meaning. 那兩個(gè)詞在意思上是相等的。 Deep Copy Construction: To obtain a new yet equivalent wrapped object. 深復(fù)制構(gòu)造：獲得一個(gè)新的、等價(jià)的包裝對(duì)象。17hostile hstail; -tladj. 敵對(duì)的，敵方的；懷敵意的 n. 敵對(duì) Hordes of hostile neighbors were gathering outside his window. 成群不友

15、善的鄰居聚集在他的窗外。 Undervalued share price can lead to dealership competition and hostile takeover. 低估的股價(jià)可能引發(fā)代理權(quán)競爭和敵意接管。 As a British submarine skipper you must sink ships, avoid minefields, spy on hostile ports and extract commandoes from jungle shores. 作為英國潛艇船長您必須匯船舶，避免雷場，偵察敵對(duì)港口和提取突擊隊(duì)從叢林海岸。 18inconclusi

16、ve ,inknklu:siv adj. 非決定性的；非結(jié)論的；不確定的 不得要領(lǐng)的；不能使人信服的 無最后結(jié)果的；無效果的 So the new evidence for Arctic evolution is inconclusive at best, he said. 所以，對(duì)北極進(jìn)化的新證據(jù)，據(jù)他說，“至多來說也不能夠下結(jié)論” But several factors have helped to make the Muslim debate about democracy difficult and inconclusive. 但是，若干因素促使穆斯林對(duì)民主的爭論變得困難而不確定。 I

17、n a field as complicated as forensic science there are many sources of error, most of which will lead to an inconclusive or no result. 像法醫(yī)學(xué)這樣復(fù)雜的領(lǐng)域，有許多產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的來源，大多數(shù)都會(huì)導(dǎo)致不確定的或者沒有結(jié)果。 192008hypotheses haipisi:z n. hypothesis的變形 hypothesis haipisis n. 假說，假設(shè) (假言命題的)前件，(有條件命題的)前提 推測，猜想；設(shè)想 This paper holds tha

18、t the bases of the justification for the validity of inductive inference are not static facts, but dynamic processes from hypotheses to facts. 本文認(rèn)為，為歸納推理有效性進(jìn)行辯護(hù)的基礎(chǔ)并非靜態(tài)的事實(shí)，而是從假設(shè)出發(fā)歸于事實(shí)的動(dòng)態(tài)過程； While we obviously have much to learn, we are beginning to develop logical explanations and testable hypotheses

19、 about these methods, and this is the hallmark of good science. 雖然我們顯然有很多值得學(xué)習(xí)，我們已經(jīng)開始制定合理的解釋，有關(guān)這些方法可檢驗(yàn)的假設(shè)，這是良好的科學(xué)的標(biāo)志。 20rare bird 罕見的人(或物)，不尋常的人(或物) The womans beauty made her a rare bird indeed. 美貌確實(shí)使她成了一個(gè)絕世佳人。 It isnt a rare bird, just a common or garden sparrow . 那不是稀有的鳥，只不過是普通的麻雀。 You are perhaps

20、 a rare bird amongst a flock that has a different focus. 你或許是一群鳥中的罕見的一只，擁有不同的焦點(diǎn)。 21popularize ppjulraizvt. 普及；使通俗化 vi. 通俗化 Reggae music was popularized by Bob Marley in the 1970s. 雷蓋音樂是鮑勃馬利在20世紀(jì)70年代推廣開來的。 Popularize this new method is not an easy job. 推廣這種新方法不是件容易的工作。 The rapid development of inform

21、ation industry requires us to popularize the information technology in the archives administration. 信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的高速發(fā)展對(duì)檔案管理普及信息技術(shù)提出了更高要求。 22infectious infeks adj. 傳染的，傳染性的 易感染的，有感染力的；易傳播的 有壞影響的，有損害的；有腐蝕作用的 【法律】(因夾帶違禁物品而)使全部貨物受到?jīng)]收處分的 Measles is one of the most infectious diseases known. 眾所周知，麻疹是最易傳染的疾病之一。 The

22、 investigation also found no evidence of infectious disease. 調(diào)查同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)可傳染疾病的無證據(jù)？ Global climate change will directly and indirectly influence the transmission of many infectious diseases. 全球氣候變化將直接或間接影響許多傳染病的傳播過程。 23controversy kntr,v:si n. 爭論，辯論；論戰(zhàn) 競爭，爭執(zhí)，爭吵 近義詞: argument 短語: beyond(或without)controvers

23、y 無可爭議，不消說，無疑 There would be some controversy. And I think this is how science progresses. 該問題會(huì)存在爭議。我認(rèn)為這就是科學(xué)進(jìn)步的原因。 How one is to describe these cases is, in some respects, a matter of controversy. 在某些方面，人們?cè)鯓用枋鲞@些例子是一個(gè)有爭議的問題。 24tremble trembl vi. 發(fā)抖；戰(zhàn)栗；焦慮；搖晃 vt. 使揮動(dòng)；用顫抖的聲音說出 n. 顫抖；戰(zhàn)栗；搖晃 The girl tremb

24、led all over.女孩渾身顫抖。The children trembled with fright.孩子們被嚇得發(fā)抖。She trembled at the thought that she might never see him.一想到自己也許再也見不到他時(shí)她就發(fā)抖。25at the thought of 一想起(就)，一想到(就) He cheered up at the thought of seeing her again. 他一想到能再次見到她，他心里就很高興。 Just as most people today laugh at the thought of a power

25、 such as that within themselves. 就像現(xiàn)在仍然有絕大多數(shù)人在嘲笑自己內(nèi)心的力量一樣。 Because they tremble at the thought of been seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion. 因?yàn)樗齻兛偸且幌氲阶约涸诠娒媲按┝瞬辉倭餍械囊轮蜁?huì)顫抖。 26unconsciously adv. unconscious的變形 unconscious ,nkns adj. 無意識(shí)的，下意識(shí)的 未意識(shí)到的，未察覺的 無知覺的；失去知覺的；神志不清的 不知不覺的，無意的 The ques

26、tion is: Do I wish to walk this path consciously, or unconsciously? 問題是：我是希望有意識(shí)地走這條路，還是無意識(shí)地走這條路？ Unconsciously, that I am at a loss swallowed all, both sit away from me, I am nothing. 不知不覺，茫然吞噬了我是所有，坐立均離我而去，我一無所有。 27disproportionallyadv. 不均衡地；不相稱地Yeah, we heard from him of his weekly video and web a

27、ddress as always. The President says a White House study shows insurance costs are disproportionally high for small businesses. 是的，我們看了總統(tǒng)的每周演講，總統(tǒng)提到根據(jù)白宮的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，保險(xiǎn)對(duì)小型企業(yè)來說確實(shí)太高。 28Indefinitelyadv. 不確定地，無限期地；模糊地，不明確地The sample in this state is stable indefinitely. 樣品在這種狀態(tài)下是無限穩(wěn)定的。 If captain and crew had ha

28、d a ton of food with milk, they could have held out indefinitely. 如果船長和船組人員有一噸食物加上牛奶，他們就可以無限期地堅(jiān)持下去了。 29unaccountably adv. 不能說明地；不可解釋地；無責(zé)任的Last year he told the American Society of Newspaper Editors that as an industry, many of us have been remarkably, unaccountably, complacent. 去年他對(duì)美國新聞報(bào)紙編輯社團(tuán)說：“在這個(gè)行

29、業(yè)，我們很多人都毫無原因地沾沾自喜”。 As they approached the farm Squealer, who had unaccountably been absent during the fighting, came skipping towards them, whisking his tail and beaming with satisfaction. 當(dāng)他們走近莊園，斯奎拉朝他們蹦蹦跳跳地走過來，他一直莫名其妙地沒有參加戰(zhàn)斗，而此時(shí)卻高興得搖頭擺尾。30elite eili:t, ili:t n. 精英；精華；中堅(jiān)分子 Now, all the boys want t

30、o become an astronaut, they are the elite of the elite . 如今，所有男孩子都希望成為一名航天員，他們是精英中的精英。 When Brazil did decide to build a nationwide education system, the wants of the elite came first. 在巴西下定決心建立一個(gè)全國的教育體系時(shí)，首先需要的就是中堅(jiān)分子。 He appeals to much of the American public because of the perception that he is not

31、 one of the elite. 因?yàn)槿藗兏杏X他不是一名精英分子，所以他對(duì)美國大部分公眾而言很有吸引力。 31Lijiang is world renowned as an ancient city built in a simple and artistic style and scientifically laid out. 麗江是修造在簡單和科學(xué)的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格之上，在整個(gè)世界都擁有聲譽(yù)的一個(gè)古老城市。 Although it is a world renowned international companies, but its very hard to imagine that their Beijing Office only 6 people. 雖然是世界上知名的國際版權(quán)公司，但是很難想象，他們的北京辦事處只有6名員工。 world renowned 世界知名的，世界聞名的32suffer sf vt. 遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷 vi. 遭受，忍受；受痛苦；經(jīng)驗(yàn)；受損害 He is suffering from the loss o