考研英語閱讀理解B節(jié)(新題型)分類精講社會倫理類分類模擬(二)

1、考研英語閱讀理解B節(jié)（新題型）分類精講社會倫理類分類模擬（二）Reading ComprehensionDirections:You are going to read a list of subheadings and a text about ways to improve interview technique. Choose the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (1-5). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not

2、numbered. There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Make sure all your strengths are shownA positive outlook is crucialFocus more on delivery rather than giving unprepared repliesListen less, speak moreJust checking out a company website is not enoughReview and follow upIts not a

3、solo performance: aim for a warm dialogueBecoming an exceptional candidate is something you can do; its just that most people dont take the trouble. In my experience, most interviews dont go that well. The truth is that many recruiters are actually not particularly good at interviewing either nor pa

4、rticularly effective. So, if you prepare properly and are a good interviewee, the odds can be stacked in your favor.Its not just a question of researching the organization. You need to understand your interviewer and why they are hiring. One way or another they are seeking a resource as a solution t

5、o an identified problem. So work on understanding the organizational need and how you can add value. Look at the challenges and opportunities they face and work out how to show that your experience and expertise are relevant. Use your network to gather all the intelligence you can.Rehearse your pres

6、entation. I dont necessarily mean being word perfect. Im talking about what you say when anyone asks you what you do, why you left, what you have achieved and so on. Can you talk about yourself comfortably, with confidence, concisely with clarity? Practice so that you have the right words, dont get

7、flustered, talk at the right pace and, crucially, know when to stop. Remember the need for consistency between words and body language.People trained in interview techniques are told to use the 70/30 rule. That is to say the interviewer aims to talk for about 30% of the time allotted and the candida

8、te talks 70% of the time, in response. The smart candidate actually wants a 50/50 dialogue. You should aim for a conversation, directed along the lines you prefer一whereby you can play to your strengths. The interviewer can only go with what you give them. Make it easy for the interviewer by saying H

9、ave I told you all you need to know on that subject? Can I give you more detail? Build rapport, find some common ground. But remember its not a monologue; you are both actors in the interview.Henry Ford famously said If you think you can do a thing or think you cant do a thing, youre right. Youre mo

10、tivated; youve done the prep and have the drive to succeed so visualize success. Whether you call it confidence, self-esteem or self-belief, to shine at interview you need to show that you will make a good employee. Show that you are good at interacting and reading your situation, good at selling yo

11、urself and your ideas. Practicing your interview technique will make it so much easier to shine. Theres no need to be nervous if you believe you are a good candidate for the role.After the interview send a letter. Thank them for seeing you. Reiterate how interested you are in them and the role. Revi

12、ew the key points of the interview when you discussed challenges and opportunities and outline how you can help them meet those.No guarantees but if you work at it youll become a better interviewee and give yourself an advantage in a tough economic climate.1.答案：E解答首句指出,這不僅僅是研究該機(jī)構(gòu)的問題。該句實(shí)際上是對標(biāo)題E項(xiàng)的同義轉(zhuǎn)換

13、,其中not just a question of 對應(yīng) Just.is not enough; researching the organization對應(yīng)checking out a company websiteo后文中第二至四句進(jìn)一步介紹面試前需要了解的信息：面試官、該公司的招聘目的和需求 以及他們面臨的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。這從側(cè)面也反映了E項(xiàng)所說的“僅了解一個(gè)公司的網(wǎng)站是不夠的,因此E 項(xiàng)正確。2.答案：C解答該段首先提出建議：要提前練習(xí)面試內(nèi)容,包括對你的職業(yè)、離職原因以及你的成就等一系列 問題的回答。然后分析這樣做的好處：通過練習(xí),你就能找到合適的詞匯,不會慌亂,會以適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z 速談?wù)?并

14、知道何時(shí)該停下來。C項(xiàng)(重點(diǎn)關(guān)注你的談話方式而非做出臨場回答)是對該內(nèi)容的高度概 括,作者提議我們在面試之前要不斷練習(xí)談話方式而不是臨場發(fā)揮。3.答案：G解答該部分前三句指出,求職者講話的時(shí)間不宜過長,而是應(yīng)該與面試官基本持平。倒數(shù)第二句又 指出,求職者應(yīng)設(shè)法建立友好氛圍,找到自己與面試官的共同點(diǎn)。末句總結(jié)指出,面試不是獨(dú)角戲, 雙方都是參與者。G項(xiàng)前半句Its not a solo performance對應(yīng)末句its not a monologue ；后半句aim for a warm dialogue 是對倒數(shù)第二句 Build rapport, find some common gro

15、und 的轉(zhuǎn)換。故 G 項(xiàng)正確。4.答案：B解答該部分首先引用了福特的名言：如果你認(rèn)為你能做某件事情或不能,那么你是對的。第三、四 句指出,要想在面試中脫穎而出,你需要說明自己能做一位好員工,說明自己擅長交流互動,能夠隨 機(jī)應(yīng)變,擅長推銷自己和自己的觀點(diǎn)。末句又總結(jié)指出,如果你相信自己是某個(gè)職位的合適人選,那 就不必緊張。本段字里行間透露出自信樂觀在求職面試中的重要性,B項(xiàng)是對這一內(nèi)容的高度概括。A項(xiàng)有干擾,但該選項(xiàng)偏離了段落主旨。本段主要介紹如何以樂觀、積極、自信的態(tài)度迎接面試,而 非如何全面展現(xiàn)自身優(yōu)勢。5.答案：F解答該部分前三句介紹面試結(jié)束后要發(fā)一份信件過去,感謝他們給你面試機(jī)會,再次

16、表達(dá)你對他們 及該職位的興趣。這就是F項(xiàng)所說的面試后的追蹤(follow up)。末句又指出,信件中要回顧你在面試中 闡述的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。這就是F項(xiàng)中的回顧(review)。由此可見F項(xiàng)是對該部分內(nèi)容的概括。You may have to impress the company HR representatives as well. HR reps are typically trained to ask very specific and personal questions, like what salary you expect and what youve made in the past

17、.They might ask you about your impressions of the company and the people who interviewed you. They might also ask if you have other offers. If so, chances are good that they are willing to compete for you. But if you say that you have other offers, be prepared to back it up with the WHO, WHAT and WH

18、EN, because they might challenge you. The HR reps are also the people who will conduct or arrange reference and background checks. They might have the final say.Besides management, you might also interview with one or more of your future coworkers. Regardless of the questions they ask, what they mos

19、t really want to know is how well youll fit into the team, if youll cause them more work instead of less, and if they should feel threatened by you. When answering, be eager enough to show that you are a good team player and will pull your load, but not so eager as to appear to be a back-stabbing la

20、dder climber!Always research a company before you interview, and remember that attire, body language and manners count, big time. Try to avoid common mistakes. You may think that this is common sense, but crazy stuff really happens!Job interviewing is one of the most popular career topics on the Web

21、. But no career advisor can tell you exactly what to say during a job interview. Interviews are just too up-close and personal for that. About the best that career advisors can do, is to give you some tips about the typical questions to expect, so you can practice answering them ahead of time. But,

22、while there are many canned interview questions, there are few canned answers. The rest is up to you.Be prepared to attend a second interview at the same company, and maybe even a third or fourth. If youre called back for more interviews, it means that theyre interested in you. But, it doesnt mean y

23、oure a shoo-in. Most likely, they are narrowing the competition, so keep up the good work!To put you somewhat at ease, many interviewers really dont know how to interview effectively. Frontline interviewers are typically managers and supervisors who have never been or are barely trained in interview

24、ing techniques. Theyre a little nervous too, just like you. Some dont even prepare in advance. This makes it easier for you to take control of the interview, if you have prepared. But in controlling an interview, its not a good idea to try to dominate. Instead, try to steer it toward landing the job

25、.After interviewing, immediately send a thank you letter to each of your interviewers. Its professional and expected, and might even be the deciding factor in your favor.Remember, its a two-way street. Its the employers chance to judge you, but its also very much your chance to judge the employer. I

26、n fact, if you handle yourself well and ask the right questions, youll put the interviewer in the position of selling the company to you. If this happens, youre probably doing well.Order:L 2. | 一| 3. f 囚 t叵|f叵口區(qū)口-回6.答案：D解答文章已給出位置的A項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在文章中部,通過閱讀得出該段是關(guān)于面試中的問題。給出的段落 C項(xiàng)是關(guān)于面試前的準(zhǔn)備。給出了段落G項(xiàng)是在文章的最后,通過閱讀得出是面試

27、之后的事項(xiàng)。這三 段的內(nèi)容里隱含了時(shí)間順序邏輯關(guān)系,即：面試前面試中面試后。通過閱讀所有段落得出D 項(xiàng)是面試前的。D項(xiàng)一開始就提出了全文討論的對象“求職面試Qob interviewing),先從面試前的準(zhǔn)備 工作談起,指出就業(yè)顧問只能給出有限的建議,接著引出全文的主旨：更多的工作需要求職者自己完 成。言外之意,下面的內(nèi)容圍繞求職者面試需要注意的問題而展開論述。因此D項(xiàng)最適合作首段。7.答案：F解答A項(xiàng)首句出現(xiàn)了特征詞as well(也、又、同樣),表并列補(bǔ)充關(guān)系。此外,A項(xiàng)末句出現(xiàn)了另外一 個(gè)特征詞have the final say,說明人事部門的代表在面試中具有最后的發(fā)言權(quán),因此他們是面

28、試者最 后要過的一關(guān)。因此B . F應(yīng)放在A項(xiàng)前。B項(xiàng)和F項(xiàng)都是關(guān)于面試過程中的；但是在B項(xiàng)段首出現(xiàn)了特 征詞besides,它是表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的邏輯詞。因此,B項(xiàng)并不適合放在首段之后,F項(xiàng)主要論述了由于 面試考官幾乎沒受過面試技巧的訓(xùn)練或準(zhǔn)備不充分,求職者應(yīng)該在面試中掌握主動權(quán),因此F項(xiàng)適合 作第二段。8.答案：B解答B(yǎng)項(xiàng)和F項(xiàng)都是關(guān)于面試過程中的；B項(xiàng)中的management和上文F段提到了經(jīng)理和主管 (managers and supervisors)的內(nèi)容相關(guān),并且和F項(xiàng)內(nèi)容處于同等、并列的地位,可能說明一個(gè)話題 的不同方面。B項(xiàng)段首出現(xiàn)了特征詞。Besides,它是表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的邏輯詞

29、。更印證了B項(xiàng)和F項(xiàng)是說 明一個(gè)話題的不同方面。B項(xiàng)主要介紹了在和未來同事面談時(shí)應(yīng)該注意的問題。因此,B項(xiàng)適合放在F 項(xiàng)的后面,主要論述了求職者在和未來同事面談時(shí)要顯示出自己是一個(gè)有團(tuán)隊(duì)精神的人,因此確定了B項(xiàng)在文章中的位置。9.答案：H解答依據(jù)面試進(jìn)程將其劃分為三部分：A、B、F項(xiàng)是關(guān)于面試過程中的；C. D項(xiàng)是面試前的；E、 G項(xiàng)是面試之后的：只有H項(xiàng)不明顯,它介紹的是面試的性質(zhì)。該段沒有提出主旨句,而更像是一種 補(bǔ)充說明。H項(xiàng)中進(jìn)一步的指出了面試不僅是雇主（通過面試者的著裝和言行舉止）評判求職者的機(jī)會, 也是求職者了解公司的機(jī)會。而前一段C項(xiàng)講面試前應(yīng)調(diào)查公司、注意行為舉止等,因此結(jié)合起

30、來推 斷,H項(xiàng)應(yīng)該放在C項(xiàng)的后面。因此確定了H項(xiàng)的位置。10.答案：E解答E項(xiàng)主要論述了準(zhǔn)備參加同一家公司的多輪面試。文章的閱讀時(shí)間邏輯順序：面試前面試 中一一面試后。通過閱讀全文,得出E項(xiàng)和G項(xiàng)都是面試之后的；G項(xiàng)的位置已經(jīng)給出了,只剩下E項(xiàng) 了,放在G項(xiàng)之前。因此確定了 E項(xiàng)的位置。For a society to exist, it must have a system of leadership. Some people will have to have power over others. As Max Weber pointed out, however, people can

31、perceive power as legitimate or illegitimate. Weber used the term authority to refer to legitimate power that is, power that people accept as right. In contrast, illegitimate power, coercion, is power that people do not accept as just.Custom and authorityThroughout the worlds history, the most commo

32、n form of authority has been traditional.Traditional authority, which is based on custom, is the hallmark of preliterate groups. In these societies, custom dictates basic relationships.Traditional gender differenceGender relations in preliterate groups are also based on traditional authority. The di

33、visions between men and women are based on the past, with custom determining that a gulf should be maintained between them. Custom also dictates the specifics of their relationships.Change of traditionWhen traditional society changes, traditional authority is undermined.Tradition in modern societyEv

34、en in industrial and postindustrial societies, however, traditional authority never totally dies out.Challenges to traditionThis traditional authority, unquestioned in most places in the world, has not gone completely challenged, however. Just as for the widow of Spain and Portugal, matters are no l

35、onger as clear-cut as they once were, and some Western societies debate the right of parents to hit their kids.Although the images that come to mind when we think of power are those of government 一kings, queens, coups, dictatorships, running for office, votingtraditional authority, in the sense of p

36、ower relations, is also an inevitable part of everyday life.In a democracy, for example, the presidents authority comes from the office, as specified in the written constitution, not from his or her reputation or personal characteristics.A good case in point is Sweden: it has even passed laws that f

37、orbid spanking, and Sweden authorities arrest parents who lay a hand on their children.For example, in small villages in southern Spain and in a large part of Portugal, widows are expected to wear only black until they remarry一which generally means that they wear black for the rest of their lives. T

38、he force of a tradition is so strong that if a widow were to violate the dress code, she would create a scandal.Parental authority provides an excellent example. Parents exercise authority over their children because they have always had such authority. From generations past, we inherit the idea tha

39、t parents are not only responsible for providing their children with food, shelter, and discipline, but also that they have the right to choose their childrens doctors and schools, and teach them religion and morality.For example, because of birth a particular individual becomes the chief, king, or

40、queen. As far as members of that society are concerned, this is the right way to determine a ruler because that is the way it has always been done.As a society industrializes, for example, new perspectives on life open up, and no longer does traditional authority go unchallenged. Thus, in contempora

41、ry southern Spain and parts of Portugal, you can see old women dressed in black from head to toe, and you immediately know their marital status. Younger widows, however, are likely to be indistinguishable from other women.11.答案：E解答本段主題是權(quán)威與習(xí)俗之間的關(guān)系。E項(xiàng)中的例子說明有些人的權(quán)威是傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)可的,是血統(tǒng)決 定。例文中統(tǒng)治者代表的就是權(quán)威,而that is th

42、e way it has always been done說的也就是一代代流傳 下來的習(xí)俗。應(yīng)選E項(xiàng)。12.答案：C解答本段主題是傳統(tǒng)決定不同性別角色和性別關(guān)系。C項(xiàng)的例子具體說明了傳統(tǒng)對寡居女人的要求, 她們只能穿著黑色的服裝,這就是傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗對于一個(gè)女性角色的束縛和壓制。13.答案：F解答本段主題是社會變化使傳統(tǒng)權(quán)威受到挑戰(zhàn)。F項(xiàng)的例子第一句說的就是隨著社會的變化,傳統(tǒng) 權(quán)威已經(jīng)遭到了挑戰(zhàn),而第二句再次提到西班牙和葡萄牙地區(qū)的習(xí)俗如何在年輕寡婦身上發(fā)生了變化, 這就是社會變化瓦解傳統(tǒng)權(quán)威的最好的例證。14.答案：D解答本段主題是現(xiàn)代社會中遺存的權(quán)威形式。D項(xiàng)例子說明家長權(quán)威就是傳統(tǒng)權(quán)威遺存的

43、一個(gè)代表。 后面繼續(xù)提出即使隨著時(shí)代的變遷,家長對孩子的權(quán)威繼續(xù)發(fā)揮著作用。15.答案：B解答本段主題是承接上一段談現(xiàn)代社會對傳統(tǒng)權(quán)威的挑戰(zhàn),特別提到了父母能不能打孩子的問題, B項(xiàng)的例子則是提到了瑞典禁止打孩子的法律。P. Snow once said: A sense of the future is behind all good policies. Unless we have it, we can give nothing either wise or decent to the world. Thinking carefully about an outcome is an int

44、elligent first step in many processes, especially when the stakes are high, possibly even dangerous. Do you have any experience in getting out of hazardous situations? In the most exceptional circumstances, a few good rules of thumb may save you. Here are five things to keep in mind.Stay calmIf a ca

45、tastrophe threatens your life, panic will only make matters worse. Nothing but calmness can help you adequately take stock of the situation and take appropriate measures.Remain confidentDesperation can paralyze you or sap your energy, while confidence is the key to saving yourself.Help each otherYou

46、 should organize for mutual assistance in case of an earthquake, flood, fire, etc. People working together can always cope more successfully with any adverse situation. Solidarity means strength; solidarity means victory.Be obedient to superiorsThe best strategy when facing a catastrophe is to obey

47、commands and keep order. More often than not, leaders are experts, or someone familiar with the situation or with rich experience. Being too individualistic and going your own way will usually make the situation worse for you and others. So, the best thing to do is to listen; to authorities and rema

48、in orderly.CommunicateWhen in danger it is best to seek help immediately so those with more resources can come to your aid. If you are at risk, use whatever means available as soon as possible to contact others for help, and take efforts to maintain communication once it is established.While every c

49、atastrophe is different in its own way, all can be met and hopefully overcome with the above-mentioned pieces of advice. By carefully considering what needs to be done, even under the worst of situations, one can find solutions, or endure until aided by others.A person trapped in ruins in an earthqu

50、ake, didnt lose hope. The victim overcame his pain and despair, and kept banging out signals on the fallen wall around him for help. Because of his efforts, a rescue team was able to find him and save his life.For example, if numerous people are involved in a dangerous situation, some, out of fear o

51、r inclination, may not follow direction or heed sound advice. As a result of the disorder, rescue efforts are hindered, or worse more casualties are incurred.Nine fishermen from Peru were hit by a severe storm, but they didnt panic even though their boat was damaged so badly that they couldnt sail h

52、ome. They maintained faith that they would surely to be saved, and their belief gave them strength. When there is hope, there is a way! They survived at sea for 40 days before they were finally rescued. Their story is a good sample for future people lost at sea. It is best to remember the proverb: G

53、od helps those who help themselves.History shows that when people are in danger mutual assistance promotes confidence, and reassuring others not only helps them, but can calm you as well. Helping others is beneficial, especially in the direst circumstances. During the Sept. 11 attacks in America, pe

54、ople pulled together and supported each other. This not only reduced casualties, but also left a deep impression on people around world. Remember, helping others is helping yourself!The Apollo 13 space mission suffered catastrophic mechanical problems en route to the Moon. Its malfunction was caused

55、 by an explosion and rupture of oxygen tank No. 2 in the service module. The NASA Mission Control Center immediately issued two orders. The second order was concerning navigation. But, can you guess what the first order was? Unbelievably, the astronauts were told to take two tranquillizer pills each

56、! As a result, calmness helped the astronauts overcome a series of difficulties and return to earth. Calmness can work miracles in times of emergency.The best way to prevent a catastrophe from happening is planning ahead. You should often check your circuits, stoves, electrical appliances and gas pi

57、pelines. Before sleeping in a hotel, you should be aware of the nearest exit in case of an emergency. Preparation averts peril.16.答案：E解答本段的中心意思是“保持鎮(zhèn)定。B項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)、D項(xiàng)中都提到了慌亂,看似與鎮(zhèn)定相關(guān),但它們都 有各自的前提。B項(xiàng)中講的是因?yàn)榭只哦环闹笓],強(qiáng)調(diào)不服從指揮所帶來的后果：C項(xiàng)主要是說, 只要保持信心,就能保持鎮(zhèn)定；而D項(xiàng)說的是互相幫助的效果之一是鎮(zhèn)定。在此三項(xiàng)中,恐慌和鎮(zhèn)定 都不是主要談?wù)摰膶ο?只有E項(xiàng)的主題是鎮(zhèn)靜的作用和效果,故此

58、題選E項(xiàng)。17.答案：C解答本段的中心意思是“保持信心。A項(xiàng)中提到了遇險(xiǎn)者一直保持著希望和信心,但其脫險(xiǎn)的主要 途徑是堅(jiān)持敲擊墻壁,這其實(shí)是在講聯(lián)系的作用,不是講信心。C項(xiàng)反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)了信心在脫險(xiǎn)中起到的 作用,故應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。18.答案：D解答本段的中心意思是“互幫互助,C項(xiàng)中談到9個(gè)漁民獲救的例子,這9個(gè)人雖然是個(gè)集體,但作 者強(qiáng)調(diào)的并不是他們彼此之間的協(xié)調(diào)和互助,而是保持信心的作用,所以與本段主旨不吻合。D項(xiàng)以 “9-11事件為例,重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了互相幫助的作用和效果,互助的效果大于其他因素,故此題選D項(xiàng)。答案：B解答本段的中心意思是要“服從上級,雖然E項(xiàng)中飛船宇航員獲救的因素中包括服從控制中心的指

59、令,但該項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的主要是鎮(zhèn)定的作用。只有B項(xiàng)把不服從命令作為救援受阻和受傷人數(shù)增加的主要原 因,從反面論證服從命令的重要性,故B項(xiàng)正確。20.答案：A解答本段的中心意思是要“保持聯(lián)系。E項(xiàng)中也提到了“阿波羅13號與控制中心的聯(lián)系,并且在控制 中心的指導(dǎo)下逃生成功,但該例證主要講的是鎮(zhèn)定的作用,而且提到的聯(lián)系也是與此有關(guān)的,而A項(xiàng) 著重強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)出信息、建立聯(lián)系的重要性,故此題選A項(xiàng)。Analyzing your own tasteBeing cautious when experimentingFinding a model to followGetting the final look absol

60、utely rightLearning to be realisticMaking regular conscious choicesWhen we meet people for the first time, we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look. And, of course its something that works both ways, for we too are being judged on our appearance. When we look good, we feel