上外版英語高級(jí)視聽說上冊(cè)聽力原文4132

1、Unit1PiratesoftheInternetItsnosecretthatonlinepiracyhasdecimatedthemusicindustryasmillionsofpeoplestoppedbuyingCDsandstartedstealingtheirfavoritesongsbydownloadingthemfromtheinternet.Nowthehign-techthievesarecomingafterHollywood.Illegaldownloadingoffull-lengthfeaturefilmsisarelativelynewphenomenon,b

2、utitsbecomingeasierandeasiertodo.ThepeoplerunningAmericasmoviestudiosknowthatiftheydontdosomethingandfasttheycouldbeinthesameboatastherecordcompanies.Correspodent:“Whatsreallyatstakeforthemovieindustrywithallthisprivacy?”Chernin:“Well,Ithink,youknow,ultimately,ourabsolutefeatures.”PeterCherninruns20

3、thCenturyFox,oneofthebiggeststudiosinHollywood.HeknowsthepiratesoftheInternetaregainingonhim.Correspont:“Doyouknowhowmanymoviesarebeingdownloadedtoday,inoneday,intheUnitedStates?”Chernin:“Ithinkitsprobablyinthehundredsofthousands,ifnotmillions.”Correspondent:“Anditsonlygoingtogrow.”Chernin:“Itsonlyg

4、oingtogrow.Somebodycanputaperfectdigitalcopyupontheinternet.Aperfectdigitalcopy,allright.Andwiththeclickofmouse,sendoutamillioncopiesallovertheworld,inaninstant.”5Anditsallfree.Ifthattakeshold,kissHollywoodgoodbye.Cherninrecentlyorganizeda“summit”betweenstudiomogulsandsomehighschoolandcollegekidsthe

5、peoplemostlikelytobedownloading.Chernin:“Andwesaid,Letscomeupwithachallenge.Letsgivethemfivemovies,andseeiftheycanfindthemonline.Andweallsataroundandpickedfivemovies,fourofwhichhadntbeenreleasedyet.Andthenwecamebackhalfanhourlater.Theyhadfoundallfivemoviesthatwegavethem.”Correspondent:“Eventheonesth

6、athadntevenbeenreleasedyet?”Chernin:“Eventheonesthathadntevenbeenreleasedyet.”Correspondent:“Didthesekidshaveanysensethattheywerestealing?”Chernin:“Youknowitsitsaweirddichotomy.Ithinktheyknowitsstealing,andIdontthinktheythinkitswrong.Ithinktheyhaveanattitudeof,Itshere.”TheInternetcopyoflastyearshitS

7、igns,starringMelGibson,wasstolenevenbeforedirectorM.NightShyamalancouldorganizethepremiere.Correspondent:“Themoviewasabouttobereleased.Whendidthefirstbootlegcopyappear?6”Shyamalan:“Twoweeksbeforeitorthreeweeksbeforeit.BeforetheInternetage,whensomebodybootleggedamovie,theonlyoutlettheyhadwastoseeitto

8、thosevendorsonTimesSquare,wheretheyhadtheboxessetupoutsideandtheysay,Hey,wehaveSignsitsnotevenoutyet.Andyouwalkbyandyouknowitsillegal.Butnow,becauseitsthedigitalage,youcansee,like,acleancopy.ItsnolongerthekindofthesleazyguyinTimesSquarewiththebox.Itsjust,oh,itsonthisbeautifulsite,andIhavetogo,Click.

9、”Correspondent:“HowdidthosemoviesgetontheInternet?Howdidthathappen?”Chernin:“Throughanabsoluteactoftheft.Someonestealsaprintfromtheeditorsroom;someonestealsaprintfromtheperson;thecomposerwhosdoingthemusicabsolutephysicaltheft,stealsaprint,makesadigitalcopy,anduploadsit.”Correspondent:“Andthereyougo.

10、”DigitalcopieslikethisoneofTheMatrixReloadedhavealsobeenbootleggedfromDVDssenttoreviewersoradagencies,orcirculatedamongcompaniesthatdospecialeffects,orsubtitles.Chernin:“Theotherwaythatpre-releasedmoviesendup(stolen)isthatpeoplegototherearelotsofscreeningsthathappeninthisindustryPeoplegotothosescree

11、ningswithacamcorder,withadigitalcamcorder,sitintheback,turnthecamcorderon”Correspondent:“Andrecordit.”Thisisoneofthoserecorded-off-the-screencopiesofDisneysPiratesoftheCaribbean.Notgreatquality,butnotawfuleither.Andwhileitusedtotakeforevertodownloadamovie,anyonewithahigh-speedInternetconnectioncanno

12、whaveafull-lengthfilminanhourortwo.Saaf:“Well,thisisjustoneofmanywebsiteswherebasicallypeople,hackersifyouwill,announcetheirpiracyreleases.”RandySaafrunsacompanycalledMediaDefenderthathelpsmoviestudioscombatonlinepiracy.Correspondent:“Lookatthis,allthesenewmoviesthatIhaventevenseenyet,allhere.”Saaf:

13、“Yep.”Correspondent:“SecondhandLionsthatjustcameout.SometimesIfeellikeImtheonlypersoninthiscountrywhohasneverdownloadedanything.Butmaybethereisafewothersofusoutthere.SoImgoingtoaskyoutoshowusKazaa,thatsthebiggestdownloadingsite,right?”Saaf:“Right.ThisistheKazaamediadesktop.Kazaaisthelargestpeer-to-p

14、eernetwork.”Itscalledpeer-to-peerbecausecomputerusersaresharingfiles8witheachother,withnomiddleman.AllKazaadoesisprovidethesoftwaretomakethatsharingpossible.WhenwewentonlinewithRandySaaf,nearlyfourmillionotherKazaausersweretherewithus,sharingeverykindofdigitalfile.Saaf:“Audio,documents,images,softwa

15、re,andvideo.Ifyouwantedamovie,youwouldclickonthevideosection,andthenyouwouldtypeinasearchphrase.Andbasicallywhatthisisdoingnow,itisaskingthepeopleonthepeer-to-peernetwork,WhohasFindingMemo?”Withinseconds,191computerssentananswer:“Wehaveit.downloadedfreefrom”ThisisFindingMemo,crisppictureKazaaamonthb

16、eforeitsreleaseforandsound,videorentalorsale.Ifyoudontwanttowatchitonalittlecomputerscreen,youdonthaveto.Onthenewestcomputers,youcanjust“burn”itontoaDVDandwatchitonyourbig-screenTV.thatsadaggerpointedrightattheheartofHollywood.Chernin:“WheremoviesmakethebulkoftheirmoneyisonDVDandhomevideos.50percent

17、oftherevenuesforanymoviecomeoutofhomevideo”Correspondent:“15percent?”Chernin:“50percentsothatifpiracyoccursanditwipesoutyourhomevideoprofitsorultimatelyyourtelevisionprofits,youareoutofbusiness.Nomovieswillgetmade.”Evenifmoviesdidgetmade,NightShyamalansaysthatwouldntbeanygood,becauseprofitswouldbene

18、gligible,sobudgetswouldshrinkdramatically.Shyamalan:“Andslowlyitwilldegradewhatspossibleinthatartform.”Rosso:“Technologyalwayswins.Always.Youcantshutitdown.”WayneRossoisHollywoodsenemy.Theycallhimapirate,butofficiallyhesthepresidentofGrokster,anotherpeer-to-peernetworkthatworksjustlikeKazaa.Correspo

19、ndent:“Ok,Ihavedownloadedyoursoftware.”Rosso:“Right.”Correspondent:“Ok,didIpaytodothat?”Rosso:“No,itsfree.”Correspondent:“Sowhopaysyou?Howdoyoumakemoney?”Rosso:“Werelikeradio.Weareadvertising-supported.”Correspondent:“AndhowmanypeopleuseGrokster?”Rosso:“Tenmillion.”Correspondent:“Tenmillionpeoplehav

20、eusedit.”Rosso:“Amonth.”Correspondent:“Everymonth,tenmillionpeople?”Rosso:“Uh-huh,uh-huh.Andgrowing.”10Correspondent:“Useittodownloadmusic,movies,software,videogames,whatelse?”Rosso:“Iwillassume.See,wehavenowayofknowingwhatpeoplearedownloading.”Correspondent:“Thatsjustafigleaf.Youarefacilitating,all

21、owing,helpingpeoplesteal.”Rosso:“Wehavenoideawhatthecontentis,andwhateveritis”Correspondent:“Well,youmaynotknowthespecifics,butyouknowthatswhatyoursite”Rosso:“Andwecantstopit.Wehavenocontroloverit.”Correspondent:“Butyouarethereforthatpurpose,thatiswhyyouexist,ofcourseitis.”Rosso:“No,no,no,no,no,no.”

22、Correspondent:“Comeon,thisisthefigleafpart.”Rosso:“No,no,no,no,no.”Shyamalan:“Heistotallyconformablewithputtingonhissiteastolenpieceofmaterial.AmIwronginthat?Ifmymoviewasbootlegged,hedbetotallycomfortableputtingitonhissite?”Correspondent:“BecauseIhavenothingtodowithit.”Shyamalan:“Yeah,right.”Corresp

23、ondent:“BecauseIjustprovidedthesoftware.”Shyamalan:“Yeah,right.So,immediately,howcanyoueverhavea11conversationwithhim?Becausehestakenastolenmaterialandheistotallyfinewithpassingitaroundinhishouse.Allthese,alltheseareillegalactivities.So,Imnot,itsjustmyhouse,Imnotdoinganythingwrong.”ButitisRossowhoha

24、sthelawonhisside.AfederaljudgehasruledthatGroksterandotherfile-swappingnetworksarenotliableforwhattheirdownloadersaredoing.Rosso:“Sowearecompletelylegal,andunfortunatelythisissomethingtheentertainmentindustryrefusestoaccept.Theyseemtothinkthejudgesdecisionwasnothingbutatypo.”Thestudiosareappealingth

25、atcourtruling.Andtheymayfollowthemusicindustryandbegintosueindividualswhodownloadmovies.Andtheyarefightingthepiratesinotherways,withadsaboutpeoplewhosejobsareatriskbecauseofthepiracypeoplelikethecarpentersandpainterswhoworkonfilmsets.Atthesametime,Hollywoodistryingtokeepcopiesofmoviesfromleakinginth

26、efirstplace.Chernin:“Youwillveryseldomgotoanearlyscreeningofamovierightnowwhere,probablyyoudontnoticeuntilyoupayattention,someonesnotinthefrontofthatauditoriumwithinfraredbinocularslookingforsomebodywithacamcorder.”12Andonceamovieisreleased,orcopiesdobegintoleak,thestudioshirepeoplelikeRandySaaftoha

27、ckthehackers.Saaf:“Whatwerejusttryingtodoismaketheactualpiratedcontentdifficulttofind.Andthewaywedothatisby,youknow,servingupfakefiles.”Itscalled“spoofing.”SaafandhisemployeesspendtheirdaysonKazaaandGrokster,offeringupthousandsoffilesthatlooklikecopiesofnewmovies,butarent.Correspondent:“SoifIhadclic

28、kedonanynumberofthoseFindingNemoofferings,Icouldhaveclickedononeofyours,orsomebodylikeyou.AndwhatwouldIhavefoundaftermyhourandahalfofdownloading?”Saaf:screenorsomething.Youknow,typicallyspeaking,“itmightjustbeablankwhatwepushoutisjustnottherealcontent.”Correspondent:“Whatyouaretryingtodoismakethisso

29、impossible,soinfuriatingthatpeoplewilljustthrowuptheirhandsandsayitsjusteasierformetogorentthisthing,buytheDVDorwhatever,itsjusteasier.”Saaf:“Right.”Correspondent:“Thatsyourgoal.”Saaf：“Right.”13Correspondent:“Doesthatwork?Isthatagoodidea?”Rosso:“No.Itdoesntwork.ImeanIdontblamethembutitdoesntworkbeca

30、usewhathappensisthatthecommunitycleansesitselfofthespoofs.”Hemeansthatdownloadersquicklyspreadthewordonlineabouthowtotellthefakemoviefilesfromtherealthing.Correspondent:“Itslikeanarmsrace(軍備比賽）,isntit?”Chernin:“Thatsexactlywhatitslike.Itslikeanarmsrace.Therewillbe,youknow,theyregonnagetastepahead.We

31、regonnatryandgetthatstepback.”Rosso:“ButIlltellyouonething:Illbetonthehackers.”Correspondent:“Thattheywillbreakwhatever”Rosso:“Thestudioscomeupwith.”Correspondent:“Thecompaniesthrowatthem.”HollywoodknowsthatdownloadingofftheInternetisthewaymillionsofconsumerswanttogettheirentertainmentandthatisntgoi

32、ngaway.Chernin:“Thegenerallyacceptedestimateisthatmorethat60millionAmericanshavedownloadedfile-sharingsoftwareontotheircomputers.”Correspondent:“60million.”14Chernin:“At60millionAmericans,thatsamainstreamproduct.Thatsnotabunchofcollegekidsor,youknow,abunchofcomputergeeks.ThatsAmerica.”So,insteadoftr

33、yingtostopitentirely,thestudiosarelookingforwaystoembraceit,butgetpaidtoo.WayneRossosaysthebestwayistonegotiatesomekindsoflicensingdealwithhim.Rosso:startsexploringalternatives“Ifthemovieindustryactsnowandandsolutionswithguyslikeme,hopefullytheywonthaveaproblem.”Correspondent:“Whatiftheytrytobuyyou?

34、”Rosso:“Idsellitinalheartbeat.”Correspondent:“Youwouldsell,Groksterwouldselltoamoviestudio?”Rosso:“Sure,callme.”TheideaofmakingdealswithwhatPeterChernincalls“abunchofcrooks”doesntappealtoHollywood.Instead,Foxandotherstudioshavejustlaunchedtheirownsite,Movielink,whereconsumerscandownloadafilmforamode

35、stfee,betweenthreeandfivedollars.Chernin:“Ithinkyouwouldlovetheideathatyoudonthavetogotothevideostore.Youcandothis.Andthatswhatwereworking15on.Butinorderforthattobeeffective,wehavetostopprivacy,becausethemosteffectivebusinessmodelintheworldcantcompetewithfree.”NotthatPeterCherninisinterested,buthewo

36、nthavethechancetobuyGrokster,atleastnotfromWayneRosso.Afewdaysago,RossoannouncedthatheisleavingGrokstertotakeoveraspresidentofanotherfile-swappingsoftwarecompany,thisonebasedinSpain.Groksterwillcontinueundernewmanagement.Unit2AplantobuildtheworldsfirstairportforlaunchingcommercialspacecraftinNewMexi

37、coisthelatestdevelopmentinthenewspacerace,araceamongprivatecompaniesandbillionaireentrepreneurstocarrypayingpassengersintospaceandtokick-startanewindustry,astrotourism.Themanwhoisleadingtheracemaynotbefamiliartoyou,buttoastronauts,pilots,andaeronauticalengineersbasicallytoanyonewhoknowsanythingabout

38、aircraftdesignBurtRutanisalegend,anaeronauticalengineerwhoselatestaircraftistheworldsfirstprivatespaceship.Ashetold60MinutescorrespondentEdBradleywhenhefirstmethimalittleoverayearago,ifhisideaflies,somedayspacetravelmaybecheapenoughandsafeenoughforordinarypeopletogowhereonlyastronautshavegonebeforeT

39、heWhiteKnightisaratherunusuallookingaircraft,builtjustforthepurposeofcarryingarocketplanecalledSpaceShipOne,thefirstspacecraftbuiltbyprivateenterprise.WhiteKnightandSpaceShipOnearethelatestcreationsofBurtRutan.Theyrepartofhisdreamtodevelopacommercialtravelbusinessinspace.Therewillbeanewindustry.Andw

40、earejustnowinabeginning.Iwillpredictthatin12or15years,therewillbetensofthousands,maybeevenhundredsofthousandsofpeoplethatfly,andseethatblacksky,saysRutan.OnJune21,2004,WhiteKnighttookofffromanairstripinMojave,Calif.,carryingRutansspaceship.Ittook63minutestoreachthelaunchaltitudeof47,000feet.Oncether

41、e,theWhiteKnightcrewpreparedtoreleasethespaceship.ThefierceaccelerationslammedMikeMelvill,thepilot,backinhisseat.HeputSpaceShipOneintoanearverticaltrajectory,until,asplanned,thefuelranout.Stillclimbinglikeaspentbullet,Melvillhopedtogainasmuchaltitudeaspossibletoreachspacebeforetheshipbeganfallingbac

42、ktoearth.Bythetimethespaceshipreachedtheendofitsclimb,itwas22milesoffcourse.Butithad,justbarely,reachedanaltitudeofjustover62milestheinternationallyrecognizedboundaryofspace.ItwasthenewsRutanhadbeenwaitingfor.FallingbacktoEarthfromanaltitudeof62miles,SpaceShipOnestiltingwing,arevolutionaryinnovation

43、calledthefeather,causedtherocketplanetopositionitselfforarelativelybenignre-entryandturnedthespaceshipintoaglider.SpaceShipOneglidedtoaflawlesslandingbeforeacrowdofthousands.AfterthatJuneflight,IfeltlikeIwasfloatingaroundandjustonceinawhiletouchingtheground,remembersRutan.Wehadanoperablespaceplane.R

44、utansoperablespaceplanewasbuiltbyacompanywithonly130employeesatacostofjust$25million.Hebelieveshissuccesshasendedthegovernmentsmonopolyonspacetravel,andopenedituptotheordinarycitizen.Iconcludedthatforaffordabletraveltohappen,thelittleguyhadtodoitbecausehehadtheincentiveforabusiness,saysRutan.DoesRut

45、anviewthisasabusinessventureoratechnologicalchallenge?Itsatechnologicalchallengefirst.AnditsadreamIhadwhenIwas12,hesays.Rutanstartedbuildingmodelairplaneswhenhewassevenyearsold,inDyenuba,Calif.,wherehegrewup.Iwasfascinatedbyputtingbalsawoodtogetherandseehowitwouldfly,heremembers.AndwhenIstartedhavin

46、gthecapabilitytodocontestsandactuallywinatrophybymakingabettermodel,thenIwashooked.Hesbeenhookedeversince.Hedesignedhisfirstairplanein1968andflewitfouryearslater.Sincethenhisairplaneshavebecomeknownfortheirstunninglooks,innovativedesignandtechnologicalsophistication.Rutanbegandesigningaspaceshipnear

47、lyadecadeago,aftersettingupsetuphisownaeronauticalresearchanddesignfirm.Bytheyear2000,hehadturnedhisdesignsintomodelsandwastestingthemoutsidehisoffice.WhenIgottothepointthatIknewthatIcouldmakeasafespaceshipthatwouldflyamannedspacemission-whenIsay,I,notthegovernment,ourlittleteam-ItoldPaulAllen,Ithin

48、kwecandothis.Andheimmediatelysaid,Gowithit.PaulAllenco-foundedMicrosoftandisoneoftherichestmenintheHisdecisiontopump$25millionintoRutanscompany,ScaledComposites,world.wasthevoteofconfidencethathisengineersneededtoproceed.Thatwasaheckofachallengetoputinfrontofsomepeoplelikeus,whereweretold,Well,youca

49、ntdothat.Youwannasee?Wecandothis,saysPeteSebold.WorkonWhiteKnightandSpaceShipOnestartedfouryearsagoinsecret.Bothaircraftwerecustommadefromscratchbyateamof12engineersusinglayersoftoughcarbonfabricgluedtogetherwithepoxy.Designedtobelight-weight,SpaceShipOnecanwithstandthestressofre-entrybecauseofthera

50、dicalwayitcomesbackintotheatmosphere,likeabadmintonshuttlecockorabirdie.Heshowed60Minuteshowitworks.Featheringthewingiskindofadramaticthing,inthatitchangesthewholeconfigurationoftheairplane,heexplains.Andthisisdoneinspace,okay?Itsdoneafteryouflyintospace.Wehavedonesixreentries.Threeofthemfromspacean

51、dthreeofthemfromloweraltitudes.Andsomeofthemhaveevencomedownupsidedown.Andtheairplanebyitselfstraightensitselfrightup,Rutanexplains.BySeptember2004,Rutanwasreadyforhisnextchallenge:anattempttowina$10millionprizetobethefirsttoflyaprivatelyfundedspacecraftintospace,anddoittwiceintwoweeks.Afterwehadflo

52、wntheJuneflight,andwehadreachedthegoalofourprogram,thenthemostimportantthingwastowinthatprize,saysRutan.ThatprizewastheAnsariXPrizeanextraordinarycompetitioncreatedin1996tostimulateprivateinvestmentinspace.Thefirstofthetwoflightswaspiloted,onceagain,byMikeMelvill.SeptembersflightputMelvillesskilland

53、trainingtothetest.Ashewasclimbingoutoftheatmosphere,thespacecraftsuddenlywentintoaseriesofrolls.Howconcernedwashe?Well,IthoughtIcouldworkitout.ImveryconfidentwhenImflyingaplanewhenIvegotthecontrolsinmyhand.IalwaysbelievedIcanfixthisnomatterhowbaditgets,saysMelville.SpaceShipOnerolled29timesbeforeher

54、egainedcontrol.Theremainderoftheflightwaswithoutincident,andMelvillmadethe20-minuteglidebacktotheMojaveairport.ThelandingonthatSeptemberafternoonwasflawless.BecauseRutanwantedtoattemptthesecondrequiredflightjustfourdayslater,theengineershadlittletimetofindoutwhathadgonewrong.Working12-hourshifts,the

55、ydiscoveredtheydidntneedtofixthespacecraft,justthewayinwhichthepilotsflewit.Forthesecondflight,itwastestpilotBrianBinniesturntoflySpaceShipOne.Thespaceshipflewupwardonaperfecttrajectory,breakingthroughtospace.RutansSpaceShipOnehadflowntospacetwiceintwoweeks,capturedtheXPrizeworth$10million,andwonbra

56、ggingrightsoverthespaceestablishment.YouknowIwaswonderingwhattheyarefeeling,Theybeingthatotherspaceagency,Rutansayslaughing.Youknow,quitefrankly,IthinkthetheBoeings,theLockheeds,thenay-saypeopleatHouston,Ithinktheyrebigguys,lookingateachothernowandsayingWerescrewed!Because,Illtellyousomething,Ihavea

57、hellofalotbiggergoalthantheydo!Theastronautssaythatthemostexcitingexperienceisfloatingaroundinaspacesuit,saysRutan,showingoffhisownplans.ButIdontagree.Aspacesuitisanawfulthing.Itconstrainsyouandithasnoisyfansrunning.Nowlookoverhere.Itsquiet.Andyoureoutherewatchingtheworldgobyinwhatyoumightcallaspiri

58、tualdome.Well,that,tome,isbetterthanaspacesuitbecauseyourenotconstrained.Healsohasavisionforaresorthotelinspace,andsaysitallcouldbeaccomplishedintheforeseeablefuture.Rutanbelievesitisthedawnofanewera.Heexplains,Ithinkweveprovennowthatthesmallguyscanbuildaspaceshipandgotospace.Andnotonlythat,weveconv

59、incedarichguy,averyrichguy,tocometothiscountryandbuildaspaceprogramtotakeeverydaypeopletospace.ThatrichguyisRichardBranson,theEnglishbillionairewhoownsVirginAtlanticAirlines.Bransonhassigneda$120milliondealwithRutantobuildfivespaceshipsforpayingcustomers.NamedVirginGalactic,itwillbetheworldsfirstspa

60、celine.Flightsareexpectedtobeginin2008.Webelievebyflyingtensofthousandsofpeopletospace,andmakingthataprofitablebusiness,thatthatwillleadintoaffordableorbitaltravel,saysRutan.Rutanthinksthereabsolutelyisamarketforthis.Withticketsinitiallygoingfor$200,000,themarketislimited.Nevertheless,VirginGalactic