學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作5課件

1、How to Write a Thesis OutlineSignificance of an OutlineWhen you build a house , you should have a ground plan first and an outline is your ground plan for “building” your thesis.Contents. The definition of an outline. The procedure of preparing an outline. The general content of an outline. The prin

2、ciples for writing an outlineWhat is a thesis outline?A thesis outline is a basic writing plan which consists of a series of phrases or sentences and presents the main points the thesis will cover and the order in which they will be mentioned.What is the function of an outline?A. It increases your s

3、kill in organizing ideas and materials;B. It channels your thoughts smoothly from beginning to the end.Why do we have a satisfactory thesis statement ?A thesis statement is a single sentence in a declarative form that summarizes the central idea of the paper; A thesis statement gives you a central f

4、ocus for the organization of your paper. A good thesis statement is not easily devised and it needs to be revised repeatedly in order to meet the content of your thesis.The Following Questions May Be Helpful in Deciding on a Thesis StatementWhat purpose will you try to achieve in the paper?Do you wa

5、nt to describe something, explain something, argue for a certain point of view, or persuade your reader to think or do something?What audience are you writing for?Is your reader a specialist on the subject?Someone likely to agree or disagree with you? Someone likely to be interested or uninterested

6、in the subject?Sample 2Thesis topic: Naturalism in Dreisers “Sister Carrie”Thesis statement: Influenced by naturalism, “Sister Carrie” typically reflects Dreisers view of nature and man in the social environment of his time.The General Contents of an OutlineA. Two major formats of outlinesB. Two maj

7、or types of outlinesThe Two Basic Formats of an Outline1. The number-letter system / standard outline system2. The decimal system / decimal patternSample of Decimal System1. The two reasons for 1.1 The first reason 1.1.1 The women 1.1.1.1 They would 1.1.1.2 They could 1.1.2 The men 1.2 The second re

8、ason 2. The reasons against When preparing for your outline, you should pay attention to 2 points1. Numbering2. IndentationWhat is a “Topic Outline” ? In a topic outline, each heading and subheading is a word or a phrase but often only short phrases throughout, which takes less time and space.What i

9、s a “Sentence Outline” ? In a sentence outline, each heading and subheading is a complete sentence, which has greater clarity and precision.The Principles for Writing an OutlineA. There must be at least three layers of development in your outline: the thesis statement, the main points and the subpoi

10、nts and a thesis outline often begins with a thesis statement;B. A topic outline is often used as a draft outline and it can be improved to be a sentence outline as your final outline;C. Never get a topic outline mixed with a sentence outline;D. In a thesis outline, all the headings at the same leve

11、l should be in parallel form, i.e. they should take the same grammatical structure;E. For any kind of outlines, no heading or subheading can stay alone;F. In general, each division of the outline represents a fully developed paragraph in a paper.Discussion Questions1. What is a thesis outline and what is the fun