定語從句的譯法概要課件

1、第十講 定語從句的譯法 第十講 定語從句的譯法 Study ObjectivitiesMain PointsKey and Difficult PointsTeaching ContentsTeaching PostscriptsStudy ObjectivitiesMain Points了解英漢翻譯中定語從句的譯法 Study ObjectivitiesStudy Objectivities一、限制性定語從句前置、后置、融合法二、非限制性定語從句前置、后置、譯成獨立句法三、兼有狀語功能的定從譯成相應的偏正復句 Main Points一、限制性定語從句Main Points1后置、融合法2譯成

2、獨立句法3兼有狀語功能的定從Key and Difficult Points1后置、融合法Key and Difficult PoinTeaching Contents限制性定語從句（1 period）非限制性定語從句（1 period）兼有狀語功能的定從（1 period） ） Teaching ContentsTeaching Postscripts本講主要介紹英漢翻譯中定語從句的譯法，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句。對于限制性限制性定語從句一般采用前置法、后置法和融合法，而對于非限制性定語從句可以采用前置法、后置法或譯成獨立句。兼有狀語職能的定語從句應從原文的字里行間發(fā)現(xiàn)

3、邏輯關系，然后譯成漢語各種相應的偏正復句。同學們需要進一步在多讀多練上下工夫。Teaching Postscripts本講主要介紹英漢翻譯第十講 定語從句的譯法 定語從句可分為限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句。對于限制性限制性定語從句一般采用前置法、后置法和融合法，而對于非限制性定語從句可以采用前置法、后置法或譯成獨立句。第十講 定語從句的譯法 定語從句可分為限制性定語從句與非限制 前置法限制性定語從句對所修飾的先行詞起限制作用，與先行詞關系密切，不用逗號分開。尤其是一些較短的、結構比較簡單的從句，沒有它主句的意思就不會完整、不明確。翻譯時，可以按照漢語定語前置的習慣將其譯成帶“的”的名詞短語

4、，放在先行詞的前面，將復合句譯成漢語的單句。一、限制性定語從句一、限制性定語從句1The people who worked for him live in mortal fear of him.在他手下工作的人對他怕得要死。2We should know such symbols as are used to represent chemical elements.我們應該知道那些用以表示化學元素的符號。定語從句的譯法概要課件 后置法有些定語從句結構比較復雜，譯成漢語前置定語顯得太長，不符合漢語表達習慣時，往往可以譯成后置的并列分句。 1They are striving for the i

5、deal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他們正在為實現(xiàn)一個理想而努力，這個理想是每個中國人所珍愛的，在過去，許多中國人曾為了這個理想而犧牲了自己的生命。(重復英語先行詞)2 She is the teacher who is moving into social activities.她是個教師，正在從事社會活動。(省略英語先行詞) 融合法融合法是指把原句中的主語和定語從句融合在一起譯成一個獨立句子的

6、一種翻譯方法。由于限制性定語從句與主句關系密切，所以融合法比較適用于翻譯限制性定語從句。英語中的there be 結構往往就是這樣處理的。1There are many people who want to see the film.許多人要看這部電影。2There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.樓下有人要見你。 融合法此外，還有些帶有定語從句的英語復合句，譯成漢語時可將英語主句壓縮成漢語詞組作主語，而把定語從句譯成謂語，融合成一個句子。1We used a plane of which almost every part carried s

7、ome indication of national identity.我們駕駛的飛機幾乎每一個部件都有國籍的某些標志。2. nuclear weapons, which are after all created by man, certainly will be eliminated by man.核武器畢竟是人類創(chuàng)造的，也一定有人類銷毀。此外，還有些帶有定語從句的英語復合句，譯成漢語時可將英語主句英語非限制性定語從句對先行詞不起限制作用，只對它加以描寫、敘述或解釋。翻譯這類從句時可采用前置法或后置法。二、非限制性定語從句二、非限制性定語從句前置法一些較短而具有描寫性的英語非限制性定語從句

8、，也可以譯成帶“的”的前置定語，放在被修飾詞的前面；但這種處理方法不如用在英語限制性定語從句那樣普遍。1He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant，but he did not like his brother，who was aloof and arrogant.他喜歡熱情愉快的妹妹，而不喜歡冷漠高傲的哥哥。2.But Miggles laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.但密格爾的富有感染力的笑聲打破了靜默.前置法后置法A 譯成并列分句 He told the acciden

9、t to Frederic, who told it to Peters wife, Janet.他把這起事故告訴了弗雷德里克, 弗雷德里克又告訴了彼得的妻子珍妮特。（如果把who譯成他，就會指代不清）后置法B 在譯文中從句后置，省略英語關系詞所代表的含義After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.飯后，四個主要談判人物繼續(xù)進行會談，一直談到深夜。定語從句的譯法概要課件C. 在譯文中從句前置，重復英語關系詞所代表的含義World War II wa

10、s ,however, more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.第一次世界打顫戰(zhàn)是帝國主義列強之間爭奪市場、資源和領土的沖突，而第二次世界大戰(zhàn)卻比第一次復雜。定語從句的譯法概要課件譯成獨立句與主干分開，譯成一個獨立的漢語句子。She is reading a novel, the name of which I dont know.她在看一本小說。書名我不知道。He

11、 had talked to the Vice-President, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.他和副總統(tǒng)談過話。副總統(tǒng)向他擔保，凡是能夠做到的都將竭盡全力去做。譯成獨立句英語中有些定語從句，兼有狀語從句的職能，在意義上與主句有狀語關系，說明原因結果、目的、讓步、假設等關系。翻譯時應善于從原文的字里行間發(fā)現(xiàn)這些邏輯關系，然后譯成漢語各種相應的偏正復句。三、兼有狀語職能的定語從句三、兼有狀語職能的定語從句 譯成表原因的分句 The ambassador was giving a dinner

12、for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to here from.大使只宴請了幾個人，因為他特想和這些人談談，聽聽他們的意見。 譯成表原因的分句譯成表結果的分句There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.這個方案富于創(chuàng)造性，獨出心裁，很有魄力，所以使他們都很喜歡。譯成表結果的分句譯成表讓步的分句He insisted on building another house, whic

13、h he had no use for.他堅持要再造一幢房子，盡管他并無此需要。譯成表讓步的分句譯成表目的的分句She wants to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.她想寫一篇文章，以便能引起公眾對這個事的關注定語從句的譯法概要課件譯成表條件或假設的分句Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人們極其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生

14、活就行。He would be a short-sighted commander who merely manned his fortress and did not look beyond.誰如果只守城堡而不往遠處看，那他就是一個目光短淺的指揮員。譯成表條件或假設的分句練習：1.This is the soldier who just returned from the front.2.He was the writer who was moving into operational activities.3.There has never been man around me who w

15、rote so many memos.4.But listen, I met a man, who said you could hire.5.He gave me a fountain pen, which I kept to this day.6.I had a problem, which became clearly obvious just as I was to appear at the meeting.7.He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.8.He insisted on bu

16、ying another coat, which he had no use for.9.I have not given up my effort to get a passport , that will enable me to visit the South Africa.10.Those who are in favor please hold up their hands.11.My uncle, who will be seventy tomorrow, is still a keen sportsman.12. She is going to spend the summer

17、in Shanghai, where she has some friends.13. The little girl who was afraid of waking her father walked quietly out of the room.14. I cannot afford do buy the car, which is too expensive.15. China, which abounds in material and spiritual resources, is destined to play a decisive role in international affairs. 練習：參考譯文：1.這是剛從前線回來的戰(zhàn)士。（前置法）2.他是個作家，正在從事實際活動。（省先行詞）3.在我周圍的人中從沒有一個象他那樣寫過那么多的備忘錄。（融合法）4.聽著，我遇見過一個人，這個人說你是有權雇人的。（關系詞表達出來，從句后置）5.他給了我一支自來水筆，我一直保存到今天。（關系詞不表達出來，從句后置）6.我遇到一個問題。當我就要出