科哲課-生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究倫理問(wèn)題課件

1、 Whats wrong with biomedical research？ The goal of BMR to produce medical treatments that are both safe and effective atproviding genuine medical benefit3二、以人為受試者的生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的歷史與教訓(xùn)Three interrelated dimensions of BMR goal 4一、涉及人的生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的倫理意義5一、涉及人的生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的倫理意義Epistemic failuresworries regarding “external v

2、alidity” the continued holding of the claim outside the trial population; the conditions under which many trials are conducted are far from the ideal; for reasons enable to raise concerns in patients7一、涉及人的生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的倫理意義three other sources of worry Biased outcomes Industry-sponsored research tends to h

3、ave favorable outcomes for the tested drug Weakened standard drugs are often tested on are younger and healthier patients than the target population. control drugs is often administered in insufficient doses or inadequate ways Suppressed and delayed publication Substantial numbers of clinical trials

4、 are never reported in print long delays in the publication of results8一、涉及人的生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的倫理意義Choice of research projectsethical ramificationsBMRMoral Failures enormous inequalities in the global allocation of funds pharmaceutical companies appear to invent diseases9一、涉及人的生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的倫理意義10二、以人為受試者的生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的歷史與教

5、訓(xùn) enormous inequalities in the global allocation of funds to research different diseases11一、涉及人的生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的倫理意義chronic, i.e., not curable, but treatabelnot lethalaffect wealthy peoplecurrent researched diseases have the following properties ： Socio-economic failures1.lack of innovationthe majority of new drugs in the market are slight modifications of existing substancesthe FDA requires drugs to be tested only relative to placebos Socio-economic failures2.Exploding health costs.U.S. p