本土攻略云南省2016中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 中考題型 第二章 單項(xiàng)選擇 第七節(jié) 動(dòng)詞課件

1、Goals determine what you are going to be.第二部分云南中考題型復(fù)習(xí)1第一塊 知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu) 原型 動(dòng)詞的種類 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù) 動(dòng)詞的基本形式 過(guò)去式 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在，一般過(guò)去，一般將來(lái)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)在完成，過(guò)去完成動(dòng)詞 主動(dòng) 動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng) 主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化 動(dòng)詞不定式 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)名詞 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞Goals determine what you are going to be.2第二塊 知識(shí)探析一、動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 1.動(dòng)詞的種類 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 主動(dòng)詞

2、不及物動(dòng)詞 連系動(dòng)詞: be, become, turn, get, look, seem, sound 助動(dòng)詞 基本助動(dòng)詞: be, do, have, will, shall根據(jù)句法功能分類 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: can, must, should, must, might, shall, 不定式: to walk, to talk, to walk, to smile 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 v. - ing 形式: waling, talking, working, smiling v. ed 形式：walked, talked, worked, smiled 狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)詞匯意義分類 持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：live

3、, sit, stand, keep 動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞 終止性動(dòng)詞：die, finish, join, leaveGoals determine what you are going to be.32. 動(dòng)詞的基本形式 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有五種基本形式：原形，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞， 現(xiàn)在分詞（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)規(guī)則原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般動(dòng)詞加-shatehates以s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾或以字母o 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞， 加-esaddressfinishtouchdoaddressesfinishes touchesdoes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i加-esStud

4、yapplystudiesappliesGoals determine what you are going to be.4（2）現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況下直接加-ingplayplaying以不發(fā)音字母 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉 e 再加-ingusetakeusingtaking以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要雙鞋這個(gè)字母再加-ingbeginputshopbeginning putting shopping（3）規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞一般情況下加-ed helphelpedhelped詞尾為不發(fā)音的字母e，加-dlikelikedlik

5、ed詞尾為“輔音字母 + y”，變y為i再加-edstudystudiedstudied以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要雙鞋這個(gè)字母再加-edstopstoppedstoppedGoals determine what you are going to be.5（4）不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞 A A A 型：動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的詞形與讀音完全相同例如：bet/bet/bet 打賭 cut/cut/cut 切，割，砍 A A B 型：動(dòng)詞原形和過(guò)去式相同例如：beat/beat/beaten A B A 型：動(dòng)詞原形和過(guò)去分詞的詞形與讀音完全相同。動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式只是改

6、變中間元音。例如：come/came/come run/ran/run A B B 型：動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞的詞形與讀音完全相同例如： lend/lent/lent loss/lost/lost bring/brought/broughtA B C 型： 動(dòng)詞的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞三者完全不同例如： am, is, are/was, were/been steal/stole/stolen speak/spoke/spokenGoals determine what you are going to be.63. 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（1）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成 動(dòng)詞+介詞動(dòng)詞加at, for, from,

7、of, to, with等介詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是動(dòng)介型的。例如：ask for / believe in/ deal with/ look after/ look into/ depend on 及物動(dòng)詞+ 副詞動(dòng)詞加ahead, down, back, off, over, up等副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是動(dòng)副型的。例如： cut up/ cut out/ dress up/ give up/ ring off/ work out/ let down/ give away 不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞不及物動(dòng)詞后加away, in , back, off, out, on, down, over, throug

8、h等副詞例如： come out/ give in/ get up/ stay up/ pass away 動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞例如： take pride in/ make fun of/ take care of/ take part in 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞例如： add up to/ come up with/ look forward to/ run out of/ get along withGoals determine what you are going to be.7二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詞義 can could會(huì)； 能夠；可能may might可以；可能

9、 mustmust必須will would愿意shall should應(yīng)該；必須 needneeded需要 dare dared敢于Goals determine what you are going to be.8（2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有具體的詞義，但同助動(dòng)詞一樣，需要與其他詞語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)。另外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形。 can 和could的用法A. 表示能力例：My mother can use the computer now.B. 表示許可例：Can I go now? Could I smoke here?C. 在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中表示懷疑、

10、猜測(cè)或可能性 例：Who can be he？ She cant/couldnt love him. may 和 might 的用法A 表示許可和請(qǐng)求，有“可以”“能夠”的意思，有時(shí)可以與can互換。例：You may go now. May I use your dictionary? Im afraid not. Goals determine what you are going to be.9B. 表示可能例：They may/might be in the library now. C. 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，?？勺g為“祝愿”。通常用“may+主+動(dòng)詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)例：May you ha

11、ve a good time. May you be happy! must 的用法A. 表示“必須”時(shí)，must 表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法。其否定式most not 的縮寫形式為mustnt,表示“不應(yīng)該”。（have to 也表示“必須”，但它表示客觀需要）例：Its too late, I must leave now.B. 在肯定句中must可以表示推測(cè)，表示“一定”或“必定”。例：All men must die.注意：表示推測(cè)時(shí)，對(duì)以must提出的疑問(wèn)句，如作否定回答時(shí)， 要用neednt或用dont/doesnt have to（不必）來(lái)回答，而不用mustnt。例：Must I f

12、inish my homework now? No, you neednt.Goals determine what you are going to be.10 shall 的用法A . shall用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若用于第二、三人稱之后，則表示說(shuō)話人的意愿，可表示命令、警告、強(qiáng)制、威脅或允諾等。例：He shall be punished.B. shall 用于第一、第三人稱疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)求指示。例：Shall we begin our lesson? should 的用法A. Should 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示建議、勸告。例：You should be mo

13、re patient.B. Should表示推測(cè)、推論或可能性，意為“可能、應(yīng)該”。Li Leis sister should be around ten years old.C. Should 用于疑問(wèn)句中，多表驚訝、難以置信或不應(yīng)該發(fā)生的事。例：Why should she tell a lie?D. Should have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備或批評(píng)。例：You should have finished your homework.Goals determine what you are going to be.11 will 的用法A. Will 表示猜測(cè)，意為“可能、大概”

14、。例：Who is that man over there? That will be George.注意：would也表示猜測(cè)，但是語(yǔ)氣不如will肯定。B. Will 可用于各種人稱，表示意志、決心。例：I will do it.C. Will 表示意愿、意圖和決心，意為“要、愿”。例：I will do my best. need 的用法 need 表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，其否定形式為neednt,意為“沒(méi)有必要、不必”。用need提問(wèn)時(shí)，肯定回答為must，否定回答為neednt或dont have to.注意：主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義；改動(dòng)名詞可以改

15、為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變。Goals determine what you are going to be.12時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)定義經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過(guò)去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)標(biāo)志詞1.often, always, usually, sometimes等頻度副詞2.every + n（時(shí)間）yesterday, last week, ago, just now, in 1998等now look, listen等At the monent構(gòu)成be動(dòng)詞作為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 is am +v.

16、 ing are例句He often flies a kite in the morning.Is your sister seven years old?She didnt go shopping yesterday.Did you live here in 1989?Im writing now.Are you reading ?三、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞隨著時(shí)間的不同發(fā)生變化，這就是動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化Goals determine what you are going to be.13時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)定義過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)將要發(fā)生的事或計(jì)劃，打算做的動(dòng)作1.過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)

17、現(xiàn)在造成的影響或?qū)⒔Y(jié)果2. 過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還有可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去標(biāo)志詞1. at that time, at six yesterday, this time(yesterday)2. when /while 引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去時(shí)間從句tomorrownext + n.（時(shí)間） in + 一段時(shí)間already, yet, never, ever, just for, since + 一段時(shí)間構(gòu)成 was/were + v. ingbe going to + 動(dòng)詞原形will/shall + 動(dòng)詞原形 have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例句They were talking this

18、time yesterday.What are you going to do tomorrow?Have you found your lost key yet?Goals determine what you are going to be.14時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)定義在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且還要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去標(biāo)志詞1. by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間2. by the time + 過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)的句子3. 通過(guò)上下文的時(shí)間來(lái)判斷for since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間構(gòu)成 had + 過(guò)去分詞have/has + been +

19、現(xiàn)在分詞例句When I woke up, it had stopped raining.What are you going to do tomorrow?Goals determine what you are going to be.15四、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種表現(xiàn)形式，表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的具體關(guān)系，分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者。時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) do/does am/is/are + doneWe clean the room.The room is

20、 cleaned by us.一般過(guò)去時(shí) did was/were + doneHe plant the tree.The tree were plant by him. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are +doing am/is/are + doingShe is watering flowers.Flowers are being watered by her. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has +done have/has + been doneJim has finished the homework.The homework has been finished by Jim. Goals d

21、etermine what you are going to be.16時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall + do will/shall + be doneWe will clean the garden.The garden is cleaned by us.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doing was/were + being + doneShe was watering flowers this yesterday.Flowers were being watered by her this time yesterday.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had +don

22、e had + been doneJim had finished the housework.The house work had been finished by Jim. Goals determine what you are going to be.17五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1.動(dòng)詞不定式用法例句作主語(yǔ)，不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)代替由不定式表示的真正主語(yǔ)To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 作賓語(yǔ)，不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，帶有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)He likes to p

23、lay basketball.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（注：不定式在see, watch, make, let, hear等動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不帶to）She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的或結(jié)果I went to the library to study English.作定語(yǔ)Have you got anything to eat?常見(jiàn)的帶to的及物動(dòng)詞有：forget, help, hope, want, offer, expect, prefer, pretend, refuse, decide, need, wis

24、h, try, startGoals determine what you are going to be.182. 動(dòng)名詞用法例句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Eating too much is bad for your health.作賓語(yǔ)，表示一般的習(xí)慣、抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作I like playing football very much.作表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下課轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)His hobby is collecting coins.作定語(yǔ)，表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于修飾詞之前She is in the reading room.常見(jiàn)的其后帶-ing的動(dòng)詞有：finish, enjoy, mind, keep on, suggest, cant help, feel like, be worth, be busy, be used to助