高考英語專題復習分類練習閱讀理解綜合解答題附詳細答案

1、一、高中英語閱讀理解.閱讀理解A great number of species make their home in the vast waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Although the entire ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open-water habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea. Sargassu

2、m is an alga(海藻)that floats in masses that can continue for miles. The waters of the Gulf Stream push the water in a northward move into this area. This constant move and varying temperature support the accumulation of the brown-colored seaweed.The Sargasso Sea is so enormous that one method of info

3、rmation collection has not been enough for scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem. Researchers have needed to employ several methods of sampling. Methods such as dragging nets over the surface of the water and videotaping beneath areas of sargassum have se

4、rved scientists well. Information collected has shown that the Gulf Stream pushes brown algae from open water into the Sargasso Sea area, creating a diverse floating habitat in an area that would otherwise not support that wildlife.In the most recent study of the sargassum community off the shores o

5、f North Carolina, eighty- one fish species were documented as using the area as a microhabitat. This is an increase from previous studies. The types of fish found here are both commercially and environmentally important. The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council is working to regulate the harves

6、ting of sargassum. The Council hopes to have the area classified as an Essential Fish Habitat. Which would afford it certain protections.Further research needs to br done before scientists understand how to best protect the Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many impo

7、rtant types of wildlife.The author uses ,enormous1 in paragraph 2 to stress that.the Atlantic Ocean is really amazing in terms of its size and areawhat the researchers do is highly respected by scientific communitythe research work is complex because a large area must be covereda large amount of mon

8、ey for the Sargasso Sea research is neededIt can be inferred from the phrase needed to be done11 in paragraph 4 that the author thinks.A.the Sargasso ecosystem is worth our attention and needs more studyB.the scientific community has ignored this complex ecosystemC.the Sargasso Sea is becoming a pro

9、blem and needs removingD.new methods for researching the ecosystem must be found instantlyThe text is mainly about.A.diversity of wildlife in the Atlantic OceanB.different habitats of sea animalsC.methods of information collectionD.the Sargasso Sea as an entire ecosystem【答案】(I) cAD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介

10、紹了馬尾藻海這個完整的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，非常巨大以 至于一種信息收集方法不足以讓科學家準確了解這個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)生的情況，這里發(fā)現(xiàn)的 魚類種類在商業(yè)和環(huán)境上都很重要。南大西洋洵業(yè)管理委員會正在努力管制馬尾藻海的捕 撈。這將為馬尾藻海提供一定的保護。(1)考查句義猜測 根據(jù)第二段中的one method of information collection has not been enough for scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem77一 種信息收集方法還不足以讓科學家準確

11、地了解在這個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)生了什么，可知作者在 第2段中使用了enormous”一詞，是為了強調研究工作很復雜，因為必須覆蓋很大的區(qū) 域。故選C。(2)考查句義猜測 根據(jù)第四段中的“before scientists understand how to best protect the Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many important types of wildlife”在科學家們了解如何最好地保護馬尾藻海以及如何救助這么多重要的野生動物之 前，還需要做進一步的研究?？芍獜牡?段“n

12、eed to be done”一詞可以推斷，作者認為馬尾 藻生態(tài)系統(tǒng)值得我們關注，需要更多的研究。故選A.(3)考查主旨大意a 根據(jù)第一段中的Although the entire ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open-water habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea.雖然整個海洋構成了一個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，但在 其中發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多較小的棲息地，包括北大

13、西洋沿岸的一個被稱為馬尾藻海的開放水域棲息 地。以及文章內容為關于馬尾藻海的一些研究說明，可知文本主要是關于作為一個完整的 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的馬尾藻海。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測，句義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱 讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答 案。.閱讀理解I visited 日ba last June, joining Mary and John on a bicycling vacation. They made the arrangements for the car, hotel and bicycles. I stud

14、ied the history of the island, which of course particularly features Napoleon.Napoleon (now I know) picked Elba as a place for peace when he was forced to give up the throne ( E權)as Emperor of France in 1814. Far from being a prison island,日ba is beautiful with towering mountains, thick forests and

15、sweeping bays and beaches.It is also an island filled with treasure. Very early on this island, locals discovered rich deposits of iron. Soon outsiders, too, discovered the iron and 150 other valuable minerals on this little piece of land. Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it, Doria

16、ns had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island. The Romans ruled next, obtaining the minerals and building grand houses overlooking the sea. From the twelfth century until the nineteenth, the island was traded back and forth and was passed to France in 1802. Then came Napoleon

17、, the new ruler of Elba.I was eager to visit his house in Portoferraio. The Emperor lived with his court and his mother; but his wife, Marie Louise had ensconced herself in the splendid Viennese palace of her father; Emperor of Austria. She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting h

18、er husband in his mini-kingdom. Apparently, Napoleon wasnt troubled much by this. He was too busy riding everywhere on horseback, building roads, modernizing agriculture and, above all, sharpening his tiny army and navy into readiness for his escape.In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed t

19、o me that I could imagine the exiled (流放 的)conquerors anxious thoughts. He might gaze over where I stood now, toward the lighthouse of the Stella fort, the sandy bay, and across it, the green mountains of the Tuscan coast. Napoleon spent only ten months here before making his victorious return to Fr

20、ance and the throne.What did the author do for the visit to 日ba?A. He did research on its past.B. He arranged transportation.C. He planned bicycling routes.D. He booked accommodation.Who might be the earliest outsiders to Elba according to the text?A. Napoleon and his army. B. Etruscans and other Gr

21、eeks. C. Dorians. D. Romans.What does the underlined word ensconced probably mean?A.Settled.B. Locked.C.Cured.Controlled.What came to the authors mind during his visit to Napoleons gardens?A.Beautiful views on Elba.B.Terrible living conditions on Elba.C.Napoleons ambition to regain power.Hardship of

22、 Napoleons return to France.【答案】(1)ACAC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者講述了對拿破侖曾經(jīng)流放地Elba島的參觀之 旅，作者介紹了 Elba島的歷史背景與拿破侖在島上的生活事跡。(1)考查細節(jié)理解a 根據(jù)第一段中的I studied the history of the island, which of course particularly features Napoleon.”可知作者為了 Elba的此次拜訪對它過去的歷史做了一些學習 和研究,故選A。(2)考查細節(jié)理解 根據(jù)第三段中的Long before Etruscans and other

23、 Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island.”可知早在伊特魯里 亞人和其他希臘人踏足該島之前，多里安人在公元前10世紀就已遷入該島，并在島上采 礦。故Dorians可能是最早到日ba的外來者,故選放(3)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting her husband in his mini-kingdom.”可知 Marie Lo

24、uise 住在 Viennese 很安全，對去她丈 夫的小王國探視亳無興趣。live對應上文的ensconce,意思為“定居；安置”，故選A。（4）考查推理判斷口 根據(jù)最后一段中的In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed to me that I could imagine the exiled （流放的）conqueror*s anxious thoughts.”可知在房子后而的花 園里，作者仿佛能想象出那個被流放的征服者的焦慮的思想。即作者在參觀拿破侖的花園 時想到了拿破侖對重新掌權的野心。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細行理解，詞義猜

25、測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱 讀，考生需要準確掌握細門信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，而選出 正確答案。.閱讀理解By analyzing the fossilized teeth of some of our most ancient ancestors, a team of scientists led by the universities of Bristol （UK） and Lyon （France） have discovered that the first humans significantly breastfed their infants

26、（嬰 JL） for longer periods than their contemporary relatives.The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning （斷奶）that remain otherwise unseen in the fossil record.The team sampled minute amounts from nearly 40 fossilized teeth of our South

27、African fossil relatives, early Homo, Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus africanus. They measured the proportions of their stable calcium isotopes （同位素）in the tooth enamel（牙釉質），which are a function of the mother milk intake by infants. They show that early Homo offspring（后代）was breastfed in

28、significant proportions until the age of around three to four years, which likely played a role in the apparition of traits that are specific to human lineage（Hll統(tǒng)），such as the brain development.In contrast, infants of Paranthropus robustus, that became extinct around one million years ago and were

29、a more robust species in terms of dental anatomy, as well as infants of Australopithecus africanus, stopped drinking sizeable proportions of mother milk in the course of the first months of life.These differences in nursing behaviors likely come with major changes in the social structures of groups

30、as well as the time between the birth of one child and the birth of the next.One of the studys lead authors, Dr Theo Tacail said: The practice of weaning - the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling - differs among the modern members of the

31、hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.The development of such behavioral differences likely played major roles in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups,

32、brain development.However, getting insights into these behavioral changes from fossils that are millions of years old is a challenge and, so far; little evidence allow discussing nursing practices in these fossil species.The findings stress the need for further exploration of calcium stables isotope

33、s compositions in the fossil record in order to understand the co-evolution of weaning practices with other traits such as brain size or social behaviors.u HYPERLINK /first-human-ancestors-breastfed-for-longer-than- /first-human-ancestors-breastfed-for-longer-than-co nte mpora ry- relatives/ HYPERLI

34、NK /releases/2019/08/190829115427.htm /releases/2019/08/190829115427.htmWhat do we know the findings of the team?It takes the lead in focusing on Practice weaning.It has disclosed the link between the weaning practice and other traits.It is evident that nursing practice is associated with behavioral

35、 changes.It*s contemporary humans that spend more time breastfeeding their infants.What does the underlined phrase Usuch behavioral differences1 in Paragraph 7 most probably refer to?Differences in the calcium isotope in the teeth.Differences in the social structure of groups.Differences in the prac

36、tice of weaning.Differences in the change of behaviors.What does the passage mainly talk about?The evolution of human lineage.The possible influence of nursing behaviors.The exploration of compositions in the fossil.The function of mother milk at the age of infants.【答案】ACB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過對祖先牙齒化石的

37、研窕，科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)第一批 用母乳喂養(yǎng)嬰兒的人類比同時代的其他的近親在時間上要長很多，而這種育幼差異可能在 人類進化中扮演了重要角色，比如大腦發(fā)育和社會群體方而。(1)考查細在理解根據(jù)第二段中的The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning ”可知這項研究結果發(fā)表在科學進展雜 志上，為斷奶行為提供了第一手資料，而這在化石記錄中是看不到的。故選A。(2 )考查句義猜測。根據(jù)第六段中的The practice of weaning

38、- the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling - differs among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.可知現(xiàn)代人和古代人的斷奶行為不同， 而且人類和猩猩以及猿猴在斷奶的時間上是不同的，即不同時代/不同

39、物種的斷奶行為是有 差異的，而畫線部分的such就是指上文提到的內容。故選C。(3)考查主旨大意 根據(jù)第七段中的The development of such behavioral differences . in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development.”可知，這種行為差異的發(fā)展可能在人類血統(tǒng)成 員的進化中扮演了重要角色，例如與社會群體的大小和結構，大腦的發(fā)展有

40、關。所以短文 主要是關于育幼行為可能帶來的影響。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及細行理解，句義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱 讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推 理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。讀理解Africas Most Amazing Places to VisitPyramids of Giza, EgyptThe most famous of the structures at Gizaz near Cairo, the Pyramid of King Khufu was built around 2650 BC from 2.5

41、 million blocks of stone. Its sides face north, south, east and west.Sahara Dunes, MoroccoThe most user-friendly part of the Sahara is accessible from the northern edge of Morocco. You can camp out in Tazzarine, where runners from all over the world complete the weeklong Marathon every spring. The f

42、oot of the Merzouga Dunes is the best location for gazing at stars, totally free of light pollution.Lake Retba (Lac Rose), SenegalThere are few pink lakes in the world and one of them, Lake Retba, also called Lac Rose by locals is in the Cap-Vert peninsula in Senegal. The best times to see the lake

43、at its pinkest is during SenegaPs dry season, between November and June.Nyika Plateau National Park, MalawiWith a plateau cut by numerous rivers that reach Lake Malawi by way of waterfalls off the eastern edge of the mountains, Nyika, the largest national park in Malawi, is one of the most beautiful

44、 in Africa. The eastern border of the plateau forms the wall of the Great Rift Valley. The great domes of hills have gentle slopes, making Nyika perfect for both hiking and mountain biking as well as Jeep exploration.Which country will you go if you want to watch stars?A. Malawi.B. Morocco.C. Egypt.

45、D. Senegal.When is the best time to see the pinkest lake?A. July.B. September.C. October.D. January.What makes Nyika one of the most beautiful parks in Africa?A. Plants.B. Animals.C. Waters.D. Sports.【答案】(1)BDC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了四個非洲最神奇的地方。(1)考查細行理解，根據(jù)第二段中的The foot of the Merzouga Dunes is the best

46、 location for gazing at stars, totally free of light pollution.“默佐加沙丘的腳下是觀星的最佳地點，完全沒有 光污染?？芍绻阆肟葱切?，你可以去摩洛哥。故選B。(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的The best times to see the lake at its pinkest is during SenegaPs dry season, between November and June.在塞內加爾的旱季，11 月至 6 月是觀賞 湖面最粉的最佳時間，分析選項可知看粉紅色湖泊的最佳時間是一月份。故選D。(3)考查細節(jié)理解。

47、根據(jù)最后一段中的With a plateau cut by numerous rivers that reach Lake Malawi by way of waterfalls off the eastern edge of the mountains, Nyika, the largest national park in Malawi, is one of the most beautiful in Africa,這里的高原被眾多河流切斷,這 些河流通過山脈東部邊緣的瀑布到達馬拉維湖，造就了尼卡是馬拉維最大的國家公園，它 是非洲最美麗的國家公園之一?？芍撬蚴鼓峥ǔ蔀榉侵拮蠲利惖墓珗@之

48、一。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細行理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié) 信息，并結合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。5 .閱讀理解Recently, as the British doctor Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily angry. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation, which would last an unbelievable ho

49、ur. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.When the train arrived at its destination, Winston rushed out. He*d had enough of the womans rudeness. But the press were now waiting for her on the platform. And when they showed h

50、er Winstons messages, she used just one word to describe Winstons actions: rude.Winstons tale is something of a microcosm(縮影)of our age of increasing rudeness, fueled by social media. What can we do to fix this?Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. Just witne

51、ssing rudeness makes it far more likely that we, in turn, will be rude later on. The only way to avoid it is to deal with it face to face. We must say, Just stop.1 For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politel

52、y asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time.The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous to the di

53、sturbing. Winston did shine a spotlight on the womans behavior but from afar, in a way that shamed her.We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same

54、 way wed defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain themselves. As this tide of rudeness ri

55、ses, civilization needs civility.What can you learn about Robert Winston from the passage?He knows how to speak to rude people.He behaved improperly and spoke loudly on the train.He lost his temper due to other peoples rudeness.He reacted to a womans rude behavior wrongly.What does fueled by social

56、media1 mean in Paragraph 3?Rude behavior is common on social media.Rudeness can be avoided through social media.People can easily get away through social media.Social media may spread and cause rudeness.According to the writer; how should you respond when you meet rude people?Record them and post it

57、 on the Internet.Point it out in a polite and skillful way.Do nothing but wait for other people to fix it.Pay them back by doing equally disturbing things.Which of the following statement is true about the last paragraph?We can only point out rudeness from familiar people.Rudeness and manners can ha

58、rdly coexist in civilized society.Both strangers and acquaintances deserve our friendly warning.Rude people can*t see their rudeness through others1 eyes.【答案】DDBC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者通過溫斯特對打電話這位粗魯?shù)呐科毓?在媒體上的不當行為，提出了我們要用禮貌而巧妙的方式指出來生活中粗魯?shù)男袨椤?1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的Winston did shine a spotlight on the womans

59、behavior but from afar, in a way that shamed her.”溫斯頓確實把聚光燈對準了那個女人的行為但從長遠看，這是方式一種讓她蒙羞?？赏瞥觯髡哒J為溫斯頓的做法不正確。故選D。(2)考查句義猜測&根據(jù)第三段中的Winstons tale is something of a microcosm(縮影)of our age of increasing rudeness可知作者描述這個時代越來越粗魯；再根據(jù)第四段中的 “Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the commo

60、n cold.”研究表明， 粗魯行為傳播迅速，就像普通感冒一樣。可知作者認為粗魯行為傳播很快。因此此處fuel 意為加速之意，故選D。(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves.但我們可以優(yōu)雅地做到這一點、,處理它 時不帶一絲侵略性，自己也不粗魯?？芍?，作者認為我們可以禮貌而巧妙的方式指出來粗 魯?shù)男袨楹腿恕９蔬x丸(4)考查細行理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的We must defend strang