Bybrton歷年考研英語翻譯精解

1、 9/9Bybrton歷年考研英語翻譯精解 Time will pierce the surface or youth, will be on the beauty of the ditch dug a shallow groove ; Jane will eat rare!A born beauty, anything to escape his sickle sweep .- Shakespeare 歷年考研英語翻譯精解 98年翻譯題解： 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been ab

2、le to looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / th

3、at existed 15 billion years ago.第二、句子主干結構是：主句+ for +原因狀語從句。1)主句是強調句it was. that.被強調部分the farthest是后面句子的狀語，可以理解為scientists had been able to look the farthestsintosthe past2) for.引導的原因狀語從句是一個系表結構，what they were seeing是從句中的主語，that.是名詞表語the patterns and structures的定語從句。第三、詞的處理：even more important (省略)更為

4、重要的是the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形狀和結構15 billion years ago 150億年前完整的譯文：71)但更為重要的是，這是科學家們所能觀測到的最遙遠的過去的景象，因為他們看到的是150億年前宇宙云的形狀和結構。 72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of th

5、e cosmos. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, / first put forward in the 1920s, / to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 第二、句子的主干結構是一個簡單句。1)整體結構是：The existence. was virtually required for., to maintain.2)first put fo

6、rward in the 1920s是過去分詞短語作插入語，說明前面的名詞the Big Bang 3)后面的不定式短語是補語。第三、詞的處理：the giant clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云virtually 事實上，實際上，實質上the Big Bang 大爆炸理論first put forward 首創(chuàng)的，開始提出的in the 1920s 二十年代to maintain its reign as 以保持的地位explanation of the cosmos 對宇宙(起源論)的解釋 完整的譯文：72)巨大的宇宙云的存在，實際上是使二十年代首創(chuàng)的大爆炸論得以保持其宇宙起源論的主導地位所

7、必不可少的。 73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments

8、/ are closing in on such structures, / and may report their findings soon.第二、句子主干結構是：1)主語+并列謂語Astrophysicists.are closing.and may report.2)分詞短語working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments是主語的定語。 第三、詞的處理：working with 使用，以為工作手段ground-based detectors 陸基探測器the Sout

9、h Pole 南極balloon-borne instruments 球載儀器are closing in on 正越來越近structures 云系findings 觀測結果 完整的譯文：73)天體物理學家使用南極陸基探測器及球載儀器，正越來越近地觀測這些云系，也許不久會報告他們的觀測結果。 74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationar

10、y universe theory. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：If the small hot spots look as expected, / that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, / a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.第二、句子的結構：1)主干結構是“If引導的條件句，主句”。2)look as expected是 look as they are expected的省略，意思是“看上去和預想的一樣”

11、。3)another scientific idea和后面的短語a refinement of the Big Bang是同位語關系。4)過去分詞短語called the inflationary universe theory作定語，修飾the Big Bang.第三、詞的處理：the small hot spots 小熱點refinement 更完美，提煉，改進the inflationary universe theory 宇宙膨脹說(理論) 完整的譯文： 74)假如那些小熱點看上去同預計的一致，那就意味著又一科學論說的勝利，這種論說即更完美的大爆炸論，亦稱宇宙膨脹說。 75) Odd

12、though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Odd though it sounds, / cosmic inflation is a scientifi

13、cally plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, / and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. 第二、句子的結構：1)主干結構是倒裝的讓步狀語從句+主句。Odd though it sounds = though it sounds odd2) consequence前后有多重定語。3) and many astrophysicist

14、s have been convinced為被動結構。4) that it is true是賓語從句。第三、詞的處理：cosmic inflation 宇宙膨脹說scientifically plausible consequence 科學上可信的推論in elementary-particle physics 基本粒子物理學convinced 被說服，相信for the better part of a decade 七八年來完整的譯文：75)宇宙膨脹說雖然聽似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理學中一些公認的理論在科學上看來可信的推論。許多天體物理學家七八年來一直認為這一論說是正確的。 97年翻譯題解

15、： 71) Actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Actually, it isnt, because it assumes / that there is an agreed account of human rights, / which is something the world does not have.第二、句子主干結構是主從

16、復合句。1)because引導原因狀語從句2)that引導賓語從句，從句中是存在句結構there is an agreed account of human rights,3)which從句的先行詞是human rights，something后面是定語從句the world does not have.第三、詞的處理：Actually 事實上it主語代詞，根據(jù)上下文意思這種問法，這種說法，isnt后面省略的詞應該是so或true an agreed account 約定的看法，共同的認識human rights 人的權利，人權完整的譯文：71)事實并非如此，因為這種問法是以人們對人的權利有共

17、同的認識為基礎的，而這種共同認識并不存在。 72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.第二、句子的

18、結構：1)主干結構是主從復合句：Some philosophers argue that.2)that引導的是賓語從句3)as part of.是賓語從句中的rights的主語補足語。第三、詞的處理：argue 論證 a social contract 社會契約as part of 作為(是)的一部分entitlements 利益，權利完整的譯文：72)有些哲學家論證說，權利只存在社會契約中，是責任與利益相交換的一部分。 73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that ani

19、mals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other hum

20、ans, or with no consideration at all.第二、句子的結構是：1)it invites you to think that.后面是賓語從句。2) animals should be treated either with., or with.要么要么，是表示選擇的方式狀語。3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定語。第三、詞的處理：leads .to extremes 引向極端at the outset 從一開始invites you to think 使人們認為consideration 關切，

21、體諒humans extend to other humans 人對待人完整的譯文：73)這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認為應這樣對待動物：要么像對人類自身一樣關切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。 74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Arguing

22、 from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, / extremists of this kind think / that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.第二、句子的結構： 1)主干結構是現(xiàn)在分詞短語狀語，主語+謂語+賓語從句。Arguing from.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。2) the view和后面的從句that.是同位語關系3) that.引導賓語從句。第三、詞的處理： Arguing from the view 從

23、觀點看，持觀點different from. 與不同in every relevant respect 在各相關方面extremists 極端主義者，持極端觀點的人lie outside the area of moral choice 不在道德問題范圍，與道德取舍無關完整的譯文：74)這類人持極端看法，認為人與動物在各相關方面都不相同，對待動物無須考慮道德問題。 75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that

24、should be encouraged rather than laughed at.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：When that happens, it is not a mistake: / it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, / an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.第二、句子主干結構是兩個復合句： 1)When.是前一個復合句的時間狀語2)instinct后面的介詞短語for moral reasoning in ac

25、tion是它的定語3)that.是定語從句，修飾先行詞an instinct，從句中是被動語態(tài)結構，表示選擇。第三、詞的處理：that (代詞作主語)聯(lián)系上下文譯為這種反應mankinds instinct for moral reasoning 人類道德觀念推理的本能in action 起作用rather than 而不完整的譯文：75)這種反應并不錯，這是人類用道德觀念進行推理的本能在起作用，這種本能應得到鼓勵而不應遭到嘲弄。 96年翻譯題解： 71) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social need

26、s. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. / Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science / being to some extent self-

27、accelerating.第二、句子的結構：1)主干結構是對比句Some. are. reasonable results of. Others are reasonable consequences of.2) particular advances后面有多重定語in science being to some extent self-accelerating.第三、詞的處理：are. results of 是的結果，來自于social needs 社會需求to some extent 在一定程度上self-accelerating 自我加速完整的譯 文：71)在這些原因中，有些完全是自然而

28、然地來自社會需求，另一些則是由于科學在一定程度上自我加速而產生某些特定發(fā)展的必然結果。 72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：This trend

29、began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion / that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment / cannot generally be foreseen in detail.第二、句子的結構：1)主干結構是主句+ when引導的時間狀語，when = at that time當時，那時。2)第一個that從句是主句賓語the conclus

30、ion的同位語。3)that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment是定語從句中的主語從句4)cannot generally be foreseen in detail是賓語從句的謂語。第三、詞的處理：trend 趨勢came to the conclusion 得出結論the specific demands 具體要求make of 向提出scientific establishment 科研機構in detail 詳盡完整的譯文：72)這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當時一些國家的政府得出結論：政府向科研機構提

31、出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預見的。 73) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：This seems mostly effectively done / by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goal

32、s / but of possible consequence in the future.第二、句子的結構：1)主干結構是系詞+過去分詞+被動賓語：This seems mostly effectively done by.2)research后面是雙重定語not related to. but of.由此斷定related to意思等于of第三、詞的處理：This (主語代詞要譯出來) 這一問題done 解決not related to 與無關immediate goals 當前目標possible consequence 可能的影響完整的譯文：73)給某些與當前目標無關但將來可能產生影響

33、的科研以支持，看來通常能有效地解決這一問題。 74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascination and delightful aspects.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：However, the world is so made / that elegant systems are in principle unable to / deal with some of the worl

34、ds more fascination and delightful aspects.第二、句子的結構：1)主干結構是the world is so. that.2) some后面有多重定語of the worlds more fascination and delightful aspects.第三、詞的處理：elegant systems (精美的)完美的體系in principle 一般而言deal with 解決，處理aspects 原義是方面，聯(lián)系上下文譯成課題，問題完整的譯文：74)然而，世界就是如此，完美 的體系一般而言是無法解決世界上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。 75) New

35、forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future / as they have in the past, / giving rise to new standa

36、rds of elegance.第二、句子的結構：1)as well as和，以及，連接兩個并列主語，must arise作句子謂語2)as they have in the past方式狀語，as就像是，同一樣3)giving rise to.表示伴隨狀語。第三、詞的處理：New forms of thought 新的思維方式new subjects for thought 新的思維對象arise 出現(xiàn)giving rise to 給出，產生，帶來new standards of elegance 完美的新標準完整的譯文：75)同過去一樣，將來必然會出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對象，給完美以新

37、的標準 95年翻譯題解： 71) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, / critics divert attention from the fault / that lies with ill-informed or in

38、competent users. 第二、句子主干結構是：簡單句加for引導的原因狀語。后面的that引導的是定語從句。第三、詞的處理The target 根據(jù)上下文，這里特指標準化測試 divert attention from 原義是把注意力引開，引申為沒有注 意到lies with在于ill-informed 不甚了解incompetent users(詞性轉換)使用不當完整的譯文：71)把標準化測試作為抨擊的目標是錯誤的，因為在抨擊這類測試時，批評者沒有注意到測試的弊病在于使用測試的人對測試不甚了解或使用不當。 72) How well the predictions will be v

39、alidated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance / depends upon the amount, reliability, and appro

40、priateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom / with which it is interpreted第二、句子主干結構是：1)How well.引導的被動結構是主語從句，How well是主語從句中的狀語前置，depends是句子謂語2)depends后面兩個介詞短語作并列賓語upon.and on. 3) the information used是名詞+定語4)with which it is interpreted定語從句，先行詞是the skill and wisdom，代詞it指代the inform

41、ation第三、詞的處理：be validated by 為所證實depends upon 取決于reliability 可靠性appropriateness 適應性interpreted 解釋完整的譯文：72)這些測試在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適應性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。 73) Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experi

42、ence concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation / depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity / and upon such factors as

43、 cost and availability.第二、句子主干結 構是：Whether to use., or both.引導主語從句depends是句子謂語，upon. and upon.是并列結構的雙賓語。第三、詞的處理：Whether to., or 是還是both 指代前句的tests, other kinds of information in a particular situation 在某一特定情況下therefore 因此the evidence from experience 經驗依據(jù)concerning 與有關的comparative validity 相對效度such f

44、actors as. 諸如等因素完整的譯文：73)因此，在某一特定情況下，究竟是采用測試還是其他種類的信息，或是兩者兼用，須憑有關相對效度的經驗依據(jù)而定，也取決于諸如費用和有無來源等因素。 74) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.句子分析：第

45、一、句子可以拆分為四段：In general, the tests work most effectively / when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined / and least effectively / when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.第二、句子的結構：1)主干結構是一個排比句the tests work most effectively when.and least effectively when.2)

46、連詞when引導的是狀語從句，意思是當 的時候，從句中都是被動結構。3) what is to be measured or predicted是第二個從句的主語。 第三、詞的處理：In general 一般的說work most effectively 最為有效be most precisely defined 很精確界定measured 測定完整的譯文：74)一般的說，當所要測定的特征能很精確界定時，測試最為有效；而當所要測定或預測的東西不能明確地界定時，測試的效果則最差。 75) For example, they do not compensate for gross social i

47、nequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been /

48、had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.第二、句子的結構：1)主干結構是并列句they do not compensate for., and thus do not tell.2) how able是表語前置，正常語序是：. youngster might have been how able3)最后一個句子是虛擬語氣句的倒裝結構：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances等于If he had grown up.第三、詞的處理：they 指示代詞，測試compensate

49、 for 彌補gross social inequality 明顯的社會不公and thus 因此tell 說明underprivileged 貧困的、物質條件差的under more favorable circumstances 在較好的環(huán)境下完整的譯文：75)例如，測試并不彌補明顯的社會不公，因此它們不能說明一個物質條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長的話，會有多大才干。 94年翻譯題解：71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as beca

50、use of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Science moves forward, they say, / not so much through the insights of great men of genius / as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.第二、句子主干結構是：not so much through. as because of.與其倒不如因為not s

51、o much. as是個并列結構，也就是說so和as后面應該兩個詞的意思應該相同，所以多義介詞through的意思應該等于because of因為，由于。第三、詞的處理：the insights of great men of genius是后面帶定語的名詞短語結構，后置定語的順序應該在漢語翻譯中應該倒過來，即從后往前翻譯為：天才偉人的真知灼見。more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool這是結構是介詞like短語做定語修飾中心詞more ordinary things，也是先翻譯定語，再翻譯中心詞：像改進了的技術和工具等更為普通

52、的東西。they say插入語，按照漢語習慣，翻譯時放在句首。完整的譯文：71)他們說，科學的發(fā)展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼見，不如說源于改進了的技術和工具等更為普通的東西。 72) In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innu

53、merable direction.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, / was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments / that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction. 第二、句子主干結構是：1)系表結構：the scientific

54、revolution. was largely.2) that引導的定語從句，先行詞是the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments第三、詞的處理：In short 簡而言之the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments (詞性轉換)一系列器具的改進、發(fā)明和使用expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction 直譯：在難以計數(shù)的方向擴大了科學的范圍完整的譯文：72)新學派的一位領袖人物堅持說：簡而言之，我們所謂的科學革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進、發(fā)明和使用，而這些改進、發(fā)明和使用使科學發(fā)展無所不及。 73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians an