管理學(xué)英文術(shù)語

1、 決方 載理學(xué)核心概念中英文對(duì)照原文地址：管理學(xué)核心概念中英文對(duì)照作者：jaywang第一章 管理總論Manager 管理者First-line managers 基層管理者M(jìn)iddle managers 中層管理者Top managers 高層管理者M(jìn)anagement 管理Efficiency 效率Effectiveness 效果Planning 計(jì)劃Organizing 組織Leading 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Controlling 控制Management process 管理過程Management roles 管理角色I(xiàn)nterpersonal roles 人際關(guān)系角色I(xiàn)nformational

2、roles 信息傳遞角色Decisional roles 決策制定角色Technical skills 技術(shù)技能Human skills 人事技能Conceptual skills 概念技能System 系統(tǒng)Closed systems 封閉系統(tǒng)Open systems 開放系統(tǒng)Environment 環(huán)境Special environment 具體環(huán)境General environment 一般環(huán)境Contingency perspective 權(quán)變觀Organization 組織Universality of management 管理的普遍性Nonmanagerial employees

3、 / Operatives 操作者第二章 管理的歷史Division labor 勞動(dòng)分工Industrial revolution 產(chǎn)業(yè)革命Scientific management 科學(xué)管理Therbligs 基本動(dòng)作元素General administrative theorists 一般行政管理理論家Principles of management 管理原則Bureaucracy 官僚行政組織、層級(jí)組織Quantitative approach 定量方法Organizational behavior (OB) 組織行為Hawthorne Studies 霍桑研究Workforce di

4、versity 員工多樣化Entrepreneurship 企業(yè)家e-business (electronic business) 電子商務(wù)e-commerce (electronic commerce) 電子貿(mào)易、電子商務(wù)Intranet 內(nèi)部互聯(lián)網(wǎng)Total quality management (TQM) 全面質(zhì)量管理Learning organization 學(xué)習(xí)型組織Knowledge management 知識(shí)管理Workplace spirituality 團(tuán)隊(duì)精神第三章 計(jì)劃Decision 決策Decision-making process 決策過程Problem 問題Dec

5、ision criteria 決策標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Implementation 實(shí)施Rational decision making 理性決策1 決方Bounded rationality 有限理性Satisficing 滿意Escalation of commitment 承諾升級(jí)Intuitive decision making 直覺決策Well-structured problems 結(jié)構(gòu)良好問題Programmed decision 程序化決策Procedure 程序Rule 規(guī)則Policy 政策Poorly structured problems 結(jié)構(gòu)不良問題Nonprogrammed dec

6、isions 非程序化決策Certainty 確定性Risk 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性Uncertainty 不確定性Directive style 指導(dǎo)性風(fēng)格Analytic style 分析性風(fēng)格Conceptual style 概念性風(fēng)格Behavioral style 行為性風(fēng)格Planning 計(jì)劃Goals 目標(biāo)Plans 計(jì)劃Strategic plans 戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃Operational plans 作業(yè)計(jì)劃Long-term plans 長期計(jì)劃Short-term plans 短期計(jì)劃Specific plans 具體性計(jì)劃Directional plans 指導(dǎo)性計(jì)劃Single-use p

7、lan 單一目標(biāo)計(jì)劃Standing plans 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)劃Traditional goal setting 傳統(tǒng)目標(biāo)設(shè)定Means-ends chain 手段結(jié)果鏈Management objectives (MBO) 目標(biāo)管理Mission 使命Commitment concept 承諾概念Formal planning department 正式計(jì)劃部門Strategic management 戰(zhàn)略管理Strategic management process 戰(zhàn)略管理過程Opportunities 機(jī)會(huì)Threats 威脅Core competencies 核心能力Strengths 優(yōu)勢(shì)

8、Weaknesses 劣勢(shì)SWOT analysis SWOT 分析Corporate-level strategy 公司層戰(zhàn)略Stability strategy 穩(wěn)定戰(zhàn)略Growth strategy 增長戰(zhàn)略Related diversification 相關(guān)領(lǐng)域多元化經(jīng)營Unrelated diversification 不相關(guān)領(lǐng)域多元化經(jīng)營Retrenchment strategy 收縮戰(zhàn)略BCG matrix BCG矩 波士頓咨詢集團(tuán)矩陣Business-level strategy 事業(yè)層戰(zhàn)略Strategic business units 戰(zhàn)略經(jīng)營單位Competitive a

9、dvantage 競爭優(yōu)勢(shì)Cost leadership strategy 成本領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略Differentiation strategy 差異化戰(zhàn)略Focus strategy 集中化戰(zhàn)略Functional-level strategy 職能層戰(zhàn)略Environmental Scanning 環(huán)境掃描Competitor intelligence 競爭者情報(bào)、競爭者信息2 決方Forecasts 預(yù)測Quantitative forecasting 定量預(yù)測Qualitative forecasting 定性預(yù)測Forecasting Techniques 預(yù)測技術(shù)Benchmarking

10、基準(zhǔn)化、標(biāo)桿Resources 資源Budget 預(yù)算Revenue Budgets 收入預(yù)算Expense Budgets 費(fèi)用預(yù)算Profit Budgets 利潤預(yù)算Cash Budgets 現(xiàn)金預(yù)算Scheduling 進(jìn)度計(jì)劃、規(guī)劃Gantt Charts 甘特圖Load Charts 負(fù)荷圖PERT network 計(jì)劃評(píng)審技術(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)Events 事件Activities 活動(dòng)Slack time 松弛時(shí)間Critical 關(guān)鍵線路Breakeven analysis 盈虧平衡分析Linear programming 線性規(guī)劃Project 項(xiàng)目Project Management

11、項(xiàng)目管理Scenario 設(shè)想方案第四章 組織Organizing 組織Organizational structure 組織結(jié)構(gòu)Organizational design 組織設(shè)計(jì)Work specialization 勞動(dòng)分工Departmentalization 部門化Functional departmentalization 職能部門化Product departmentalization 產(chǎn)品部門化Geographical departmentalization 地區(qū)部門化Process departmentalization 過程部門化Customer departmentali

12、zation 顧客部門化Cross-functional teams 跨職能團(tuán)隊(duì)Chain of command 指揮鏈Authority 職權(quán)Responsibility 職責(zé)Unity of command 統(tǒng)一指揮Span of control 管理幅度Centralization 集權(quán)化Decentralization 分權(quán)化Formalization 正規(guī)化Mechanistic organization 機(jī)械式組織Organic organization 有機(jī)式組織Unit production 單件生產(chǎn)Mass production 大量生產(chǎn)Process production

13、連續(xù)生產(chǎn)Simple structure 簡單結(jié)構(gòu)Functional structure 職能型結(jié)構(gòu)Divisional structure 分部型結(jié)構(gòu)Team-based structure 團(tuán)隊(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)Matrix structure 矩陣結(jié)構(gòu)Project structure 項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)Autonomous internal units 內(nèi)部自治單位Boundaryless organization 無邊界組織Learning organization 學(xué)習(xí)型組織High-performance work practice 高績效的工作實(shí)踐3 決方Human resource managem

14、ent process 人力資源管理過程Labor union 工會(huì)Human resource planning 人力資源規(guī)劃Job analysis 職務(wù)分析Job description 職務(wù)說明書Job specification 職務(wù)規(guī)范Recruitment 招聘Decruitment 解聘Selection process 甄選過程Validity 效度Reliability 信度Work sampling 工作抽樣Assessment centers 測評(píng)中心Orientation 定向、導(dǎo)向Performance management system 績效管理系統(tǒng)Written

15、 essay 書面描述法Critical incidents 關(guān)鍵事件法Graphic rating scales 評(píng)分表法Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) 行為定位評(píng)分法Multiperson comparisons 多人比較法Group order ranking 分組排序法Individual ranking 個(gè)體排序法Paired comparison 配對(duì)比較法360 degree feedback 360度反饋skill-based pay 按技能付酬Career 職業(yè)生涯、職業(yè)Organizational change 組織變革

16、Change agents 變革推動(dòng)者Organizational development (OD) 組織發(fā)展Stress 壓力Creativity 創(chuàng)造Innovation 創(chuàng)新第五章 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Behavior 行為Organizational behavior 組織行為學(xué)Attitudes 態(tài)度Cognitive component 認(rèn)知成分Affective component 情感成分Behavioral component 行為成分Job satisfaction 工作滿意度Job involvement 工作投入Organizational commitment 組織承諾Organiz

17、ational citizenship behavior (OCB) 組織公民行為Cognitive dissonance 認(rèn)知失調(diào)Attitude surveys 態(tài)度調(diào)查Personality 人性Big-five model 重要的五大模型Emotional intelligence (EI) 情感智商Locus of control 控制點(diǎn)Machiavellianism 馬基雅維里主義Self-esteem 自尊Self-monitoring 自我監(jiān)控Perception 知覺Attribution theory 歸因理論Fundamental attribution error 基

18、本歸因錯(cuò)誤Self-serving bias 自我服務(wù)偏見Selectivity 有選擇地接受、選擇性Assumed similarity 假設(shè)相似性Stereotyping 刻板印象4 決方Learning 學(xué)習(xí)Operant conditioning 操作性條件反射Social learning theory 社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)理論Shaping behavior 行為塑造Motivation 動(dòng)機(jī)Need 需要Hierarchy of needs theory 需要層次理論P(yáng)hysiological needs 生理需要Safety needs 安全需要Social needs 社會(huì)需要Estee

19、m needs 尊重需要Self-actualization needs 自我實(shí)現(xiàn)需要Theory X X論Theory Y Y 理論Motivation-hygiene theory 激勵(lì)保健理論Hygiene factors 保健因素Motivators 激勵(lì)因素Three-needs theory 三種需要理論Need for achievement (nAch) 成就需要Need for power (nPow) 權(quán)力需要Need for affiliation (nAff) 歸屬需要Goal-setting theory 目標(biāo)設(shè)定理論Reinforcement theory 強(qiáng)化理論

20、Reinforcers 強(qiáng)化物Job design 職務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)Job scope 職務(wù)范圍Job enlargement 職務(wù)擴(kuò)大化Job enrichment 工作豐富化Job depth 職務(wù)深度Job characteristic model (JCM) 職務(wù)特征模型Skill variety 技能多樣性Task identity 任務(wù)同一性Task significance 任務(wù)重要性Autonomy 自主性Feedback 反饋Equity theory 公平理論Referents 參照對(duì)象Expectancy theory 期望理論Compressed workweek 壓縮工作周F

21、lexible work hours 彈性工作制Job sharing 職務(wù)分擔(dān)Contingent workers 應(yīng)急工Telecommuting 電子通信，遠(yuǎn)程辦公Pay-for performance programs 基于績效的薪酬管理Open-book management 公開帳簿管理Leader 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者Leadership 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Behavioral theories 行為理論Autocratic style 權(quán)威式Democratic style 民主式Laissez-faire style 放任式Initiating structure 定規(guī)維度Consideration 關(guān)

22、懷維度High-high leader 高高型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者M(jìn)anagerial grid 管理方格論Fiedler contingency model 菲德勒權(quán)變模型Least-preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire 最難共事者問卷 Leader-member relations 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者成員關(guān)系，上下級(jí)關(guān)系Task structure 任務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)5 決方Position power 職位權(quán)力Situational leadership theory (SLT) 情景領(lǐng)導(dǎo)理論Readiness 準(zhǔn)備狀態(tài)Maturity 成熟度Leader participatio

23、n model 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者參與模型Path-goal theory 路徑目標(biāo)理論Transactional leaders 事務(wù)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者Transformational leaders 變革型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者Charismatic leader 超凡魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者Visionary leadership 愿景領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者Legitimate power 法定權(quán)Coercive power 強(qiáng)制權(quán)Reward power 獎(jiǎng)賞權(quán)Expert power 專長權(quán)Referent power 模范權(quán)Credibility 可信度Trust 誠信、信任Empowerment 授權(quán)Communication 溝通Interpersonal communication 人際溝通Organizational communication 組織溝通Message 信息Encoding 編碼Channel 通道、渠道Decoding 解碼Communication process 溝通過程N(yùn)oise 噪音Nonverbal communication 非言語溝通Body language 體態(tài)語言Verbal intonation 語調(diào)Filtering 過濾