高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第10講 定語從句課件 新人教（廣東專用）

1、2013屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件新人教版廣東專用第10講 定語從句 觀察意義對等的英漢句子，找出句子的對應(yīng)部分 People who take medicine to lose weight are most likely to harm their health. 服用藥物減肥的(a) 人(b) 很可能損害他們的健康(c)。1英語和漢語中定語從句有什么區(qū)別？答案 Ab; Ba; Cc。A BC1 英語中定語從句放修飾詞后，作后置定語，以引導(dǎo)詞作為標(biāo)志；漢語中定語從句放修飾詞前，以“的”為標(biāo)志。2定語從句有哪些引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)詞分為幾類？ 發(fā)光的不一定都是金子。 引導(dǎo)詞that 是關(guān)系代詞 維也納是

2、頂尖音樂家的聚集地。 引導(dǎo)詞where是關(guān)系代詞 翻譯下列句子，把定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞進(jìn)行分類1. All that glitters isnt gold.2. Vienna is a place where top musicians gather.2定語從句有哪些引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)詞分為幾類？3. God helps those who help themselves.4. Gone are the days when teachers were looked down upon. 自助者天助。 引導(dǎo)詞those是關(guān)系副詞。 老師受歧視的日子一去不復(fù)返了。 引導(dǎo)詞when是關(guān)系副詞。2定語從句有哪些

3、引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)詞分為幾類？ 在例1,3中引導(dǎo)詞that，those是關(guān)系代詞；在例2,4中引導(dǎo)詞where，when是關(guān)系副詞。2 定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為兩類，即關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。常見的關(guān)系代詞有that，which, who，whom，whose，as；常見的關(guān)系副詞有when, why, where。使用規(guī)范的答題步驟，確定各個(gè)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1. This is the school_ I visited ten years ago. 3怎樣確定引導(dǎo)詞？That/which/省略解析 先行詞為the school，定語從句為I visited ten years ago，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞為v

4、isited，先行詞在從句中作visited的賓語，因先行詞為物，故引導(dǎo)詞用that，which或省略。2. This is the school_ I worked ten years ago. where/in which解析 先行詞為the school，定語從句為I worked ten years ago，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞為worked，先行詞在從句中作worked的狀語，因先行詞為地點(diǎn)，故用where或in which。3怎樣確定引導(dǎo)詞？3. This is the school _ has a good reputation in and out of China. which/t

5、hat解析 先行詞為the school，定語從句為has a good reputation in and out of China，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞為has，先行詞在從句中作has的主語，因先行詞為物，故用 which/that。3怎樣確定引導(dǎo)詞？4. This is the school _ teaching buildings are of ancient style.whose解析 先行詞為the school，定語從句為teaching buildings are of ancient style，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞為are，先行詞在從句中既不單獨(dú)作主語，也不作賓語，也不作狀語，但與主語

6、teaching buildings有所屬關(guān)系，故用whose。 3怎樣確定引導(dǎo)詞？5. This is the school _ I visited the headmaster ten years ago. Where/in which解析 先行詞為the school，定語從句為I visited the headmaster ten years ago，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞為visited，先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where或in which。3怎樣確定引導(dǎo)詞？6. This is the school_ I worked in ten years ago. 解析 先行詞為the sc

7、hool，定語從句為I worked in ten years ago，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞為work in，先行詞在從句中作work in 的賓語，因先行詞為物，故用that，which或省略。that/which/省略3怎樣確定引導(dǎo)詞？7. This is the school _ made a speech at the forum.who/that解析 先行詞為the school，定語從句為made a speech at the forum，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞為made，先行詞在從句中作made的主語，但能夠演講的一定是“人”，故用who/that。3怎樣確定引導(dǎo)詞？3 定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的確

8、定可以概括為：“三找兩定一證”。 “三找”：找先行詞找定語從句找定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞； “兩定”：判定先行詞與從句謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系確定關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞(兼顧人/物)。 “一證”：把定語從句還原成獨(dú)立的句子，驗(yàn)證其句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子(每空一詞)1. 我想買套窗戶朝南的房子。 Id like to buy a flat _ windows face south. Id like to buy a flat _ _ _ windows face south. Id like to buy a flat _ windows_ _ face south. 4關(guān)系代詞whose怎么使用？

9、whose ofwhichthethe ofwhich2. 單身漢就是未成家的男人。 A bachelor is a man _ cap covers his family. A bachelor is a man _ _ _ cap covers his family. A bachelor is a man _ cap _ _ covers his family. whose 4關(guān)系代詞whose怎么使用？thewhomofwhomofthe4 先行詞后的名詞從屬于先行詞，用關(guān)系代詞whose。 whose n . then. ofwhich of which then.，如先行詞是人，其

10、中的which改為whom。填寫定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.Students_ have a wide range of knowledge have advantages in exams.2. The joint venture _has brought a lot of jobs to the locals plays an important role in the development of the city.3. Please inform me of anything _ you find unusual. that / whothat / which5關(guān)系代詞中that和which在

11、用法上有什么區(qū)別？that /省略4. All measures _can be taken should be taken to reduce environmental pollution.5. The building in front of_ there is a drug store dates back 500 years.6. China, _ covers an area of over 9.6 million square kilometers, is the third largest country in the globe. which whichthat5關(guān)系代詞中t

12、hat和which在用法上有什么區(qū)別？5 當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞確定為關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，that和which用法上的區(qū)別可以分為三種情況： 1用that(四種情況)：先行詞為特定詞 all, much，anything，nothing，everything，which，who等不定代詞或疑問代詞等； 先行詞前有特定詞如形容詞最高級(jí)，序數(shù)詞，any，only，few，much, no，some，very等修飾；先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)；先行詞是人；5 2用which，即在介詞關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞提前時(shí)或先行詞是物的非限制性定語從句中只用which； 3that和which 可以互換，即當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí)，且不是特殊的先行詞

13、或先行詞前沒有特殊的詞修飾時(shí)。用“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯下列句子。1.剛才我對他說話的那個(gè)人是個(gè)銷售經(jīng)理。6“介詞關(guān)系代詞”句式怎么使用？ The man to whom I spoke just now is a sales manager.The man (who/that/whom/省略) I spoke to just now is a sales manager. 2.這就是我經(jīng)常借書的圖書館。 This is the library from which I often borrow books. This is the library (which/that/省略) I ofte

14、n borrow books from.6“介詞關(guān)系代詞”句式怎么使用？6 在“介詞關(guān)系代詞”句式中，當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)，此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用whom；當(dāng)先行詞為物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用which。填寫適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和關(guān)系代詞完成句子1. All the vegetables are said to be from the farm _ my parents worked. 2. The student _ I often lent reference books was accepted by a key university.7“介詞關(guān)系代詞”句式中介詞怎么確定？on which to whom3. 8

15、0 km/h is the speed limit _ drivers will be fined.4. You should carry your ID card _ youll possibly get into trouble. 5. This is the key point_ we should pay more attention. beyond which without which to which7“介詞關(guān)系代詞”句式中介詞怎么確定？7 在關(guān)系代詞前需要介詞的定語從句中，介詞的選用遵循“還原搭配”原則，即把定語從句還原成單獨(dú)的一個(gè)句子，然后把先行詞放在句末，再考慮在先行詞前選

16、用符合句意，搭配正確的介詞。上述定語從句還原成單獨(dú)的句子分別為：71. My parents worked on the farm. 2. I often lent reference books to the student.3. Drivers will be fined beyond the speed limit.4. Youll possibly get into trouble without your ID card.5. We should pay more attention to the key point. 填寫適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和關(guān)系代詞完成句子1. Lets just dis

17、cuss such questions_ are about current education system.2. This is so difficult a problem _ none of us here can work out.8限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞as怎么使用？asas3. This is so difficult a problem _none of us here can work it out.4. Id like the same car _my colleague has.that (that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句)8限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞as怎么使用？as 句意

18、為“我想要輛與我同事的車相同的車” (如填that，則表示“我想要我同事那輛車”)。8 as作為關(guān)系代詞，在限制性定語從句中主要用于固定搭配such/so/the same/asas中。 注意：such/sothat中that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“以致”。 the same that表示同一事物，而the sameas表示類似的事物。指出下列句子中有邏輯錯(cuò)誤的句子 1. My brother who works on China Daily is in his 30s. 2. My brother, who works on China Daily, is in his 30s. 3. Ch

19、ina which is located in East Asia is on the way to greater success. 4. My mother who is considerate and helpful wins respect from all.9非限制性定語從句有什么特點(diǎn)？答案 句3，句4有邏輯錯(cuò)誤。 “中國”是獨(dú)一無二的國家，無所謂“地處東亞的中國”一說，換言之，不能使用限制性定語從句修飾“中國”，只能使用非限制性定語從句補(bǔ)充，說明“中國”的有關(guān)屬性。同樣，“媽媽”是獨(dú)一無二的，“體貼入微和好幫助他人的媽媽”讓人產(chǎn)生誤解。用限制性定語從句修飾獨(dú)一無二的人或事物會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧

20、義。9非限制性定語從句有什么特點(diǎn)？9 非限制性定語從句有兩大特點(diǎn)：形式上有逗號(hào)，從句與主句分開；意義上，從句不修飾限定先行詞，而是補(bǔ)充說明先行詞的屬性，通常單獨(dú)翻譯成一個(gè)句子。 選用as 或which填空1. Mother usually brings fruits to my classroom, _embarrasses me a lot.2. The air show being held in Zhuhai is fantastic, _ can be seen. whichas10 關(guān)系代詞代替整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分內(nèi)容時(shí)，which和 as在用法上有何區(qū)別？3. Some Amer

21、ican troops are being withdrawn from the Middle East, _ we have learnt from the newspaper.4. Some American troops, _ we have learnt from the newspaper, are being withdrawn from the Middle East.as / which as10 關(guān)系代詞代替整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分內(nèi)容時(shí)，which和 as在用法上有何區(qū)別？5. _ we have learnt from the newspaper, some America

22、n troops are being withdrawn from the Middle East.6. The young lady married an old man with a lot of money，_ is disgraceful. As10 關(guān)系代詞代替整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分內(nèi)容時(shí)，which和 as在用法上有何區(qū)別？ which7. The material resists heat，_ shown in the experiment.8. It never rains but pours in this area, _ is often the case. as10 關(guān)系

23、代詞代替整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分內(nèi)容時(shí)，which和 as在用法上有何區(qū)別？ as 關(guān)系代詞代替整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分內(nèi)容時(shí)，which和 as在用法上有很大區(qū)別。1從先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞纸嵌龋?在主謂賓(補(bǔ))結(jié)構(gòu)的定語從句中作主語，只能用which(如例1)；102從定語從句的位置角度： 放句首或句中引導(dǎo)從句，只能用as(如例4,5); 從句在句末，無其他限制條件時(shí)，既可用which，也可用as(如例3)。 句型模式為：as ；主語 謂語；主語， as， 謂語；主語 謂語，as/which103從固定搭配角度： 在引導(dǎo)詞be done 結(jié)構(gòu)中省略be時(shí)，只能用as(如例7)； 常見固定

24、用法as is well known, as is often the case, as often happens, as has been said before, as has been pointed out, as can be seen等常用as(如例2,8 )。4從定語從句的肯、否定意義角度： 從句內(nèi)容為否定意義時(shí)，常用which(如例6)。 其他情況可互換(如例3)。10 填寫定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1. This is the teacher_ I often ask advice on how to improve my English.2. I have never come a

25、cross such a situation _ customers have to pay in cash.where where11關(guān)系副詞where前面的先行詞是否一定為地點(diǎn)名詞？3. 0 is the freezing point _ water turns into ice.4. A party is an occasion _ participants should dress formally.5. This is a rare case_ lost money can be found again. where when / where/on which where11關(guān)系副詞

26、where前面的先行詞是否一定為地點(diǎn)名詞？ 當(dāng)先行詞表達(dá)的意義為處所，程度，狀態(tài)，情況時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞的確定需要采用“還原搭配”原則。上述五個(gè)定語從句可還原為： 1. I often ask advice on how to improve my English from the teacher. 2. Customers have to pay in cash in such a situation. 3. Water turns into ice at the freezing point.11 當(dāng)先行詞表達(dá)的意義為處所，程度，狀態(tài)，情況時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞的確定需要采用“還原搭配”原則。上述五個(gè)定語從句

27、可還原為：4. Participants should dress formally on the occasion. 5. Lost money can be found again in a rare case. 定語從句使用上的錯(cuò)誤類型大致為5類：贅余、殘缺、相悖、歧義、混淆。1112定語從句中關(guān)系詞的省略有幾種情形？翻譯下列句子，并指出省略的關(guān)系詞1. Who is the man you were talking to? 2. China is not the country it was.答案1剛才和你講話的人是誰？ 省略 the man后面的that / who / whom。2

28、中國已不是過去的中國了。省略the country后面的that。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語。12定語從句中關(guān)系詞的省略有幾種情形？3. Ill never forget the day we met. 4. This is the place they met yesterday.答案3我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們見面的那一天。省略the day 后面的that/when。4這就是他們昨天碰頭的地方。省略the place后面的where/ that。12定語從句中關(guān)系詞的省略有幾種情形？5. Thats the reason (why, for which, that) he came.答案這就是他

29、來的原因。省略the reason后的why/for which/that。 關(guān)系詞有時(shí)可以省略，但這只限于限制性定語從句中；在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞則不可省略。歸納起來，關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞)的省略有以下5種情形：1關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)的省略 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which和that在定語從句中用作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞位于句末的介詞賓語時(shí)，可以省略。122關(guān)系代詞作表語時(shí)的省略 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作表語時(shí)，可以省略。3關(guān)系副詞when的省略 用作時(shí)間狀語的關(guān)系副詞when通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于day, year, time等少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后時(shí)可以省略(也

30、可換成that)。124關(guān)系副詞where的省略 用作地點(diǎn)狀語的關(guān)系副詞where通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后時(shí)可以省略，也可換成that。5 關(guān)系副詞why的省略 關(guān)系副詞why通常只用于the reason后引導(dǎo)定語從句，且通?？蓳Q成that或for which，均可省略。1213定語從句中關(guān)系代詞有哪些特殊用法？用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空1. The baby _ is lying in bed is my younger brother.2. He became a promi

31、sing player, _ made his mother very happy.3. He talked like a teacher _ he hardly was.答案1. which 2. which 3. which13定語從句中關(guān)系代詞有哪些特殊用法？4. We should take a great pride in the Chinese people _ has a long history, a rich culture and glorious revolutionary tradition.5. Professor Wang is a gentleman _ our

32、headmaster isnt.6. There is no one of us _ wishes to help you.答案4. which 5. which 6. but 一、中學(xué)階段關(guān)系代詞which指人的用法并不多見，在下列5種情況下關(guān)系代詞which指人： 1當(dāng)先行詞是嬰兒或小孩時(shí)。 2當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)職業(yè)時(shí)。 3當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)人的性格、身份和地位時(shí)。 4當(dāng)集體名詞被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí)。 5當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)品德或素質(zhì)時(shí)。13 二、but用作關(guān)系代詞，既可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，且只能用于限制性定語從句。but本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相當(dāng)于“that/which/whonot”。此外，but前面的

33、主句通常帶有否定詞或具有否定意義的詞(如no, not, little, few, hardly等)。139、靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。2022/10/162022/10/16Sunday, October 16, 202210、雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。2022/10/162022/10/162022/10/1610/16/2022 12:26:25 AM11、以我獨(dú)沈久，愧君相見頻。2022/10/162022/10/162022/10/16Oct-2216-Oct-2212、故人江海別，幾度隔山川。2022/10/162022/10/162022/10/16Sunday, October 1

34、6, 202213、乍見翻疑夢，相悲各問年。2022/10/162022/10/162022/10/162022/10/1610/16/202214、他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。16 十月 20222022/10/162022/10/162022/10/1615、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。十月 222022/10/162022/10/162022/10/1610/16/202216、行動(dòng)出成果，工作出財(cái)富。2022/10/162022/10/1616 October 202217、做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時(shí)，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線向前。2022/10/162022/10/162022/10/162022/10/169、沒有失敗，只有暫時(shí)停止成功！。2022/10/162022/10/16Sunday, October 16, 202210、很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。2022/10/162022/10/162022/10/1610/16/2022 12:26:25 AM11、成功就是日復(fù)一日那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)小小努力的積累。2022/10/162022/10/162022/10/16Oct-2216-Oct-