2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號4

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thebarintheclubisforthe（）useofitsmembers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extensive

B.exclusive

C.inclusive

D.comprehensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)extensive“廣泛的，大量的”；B選項(xiàng)exclusive“獨(dú)有的，專一的”；C選項(xiàng)inclusive“包含的，包括的”；D選項(xiàng)comprehensive“綜合的，廣泛的”。句意：俱樂部內(nèi)的酒吧僅對會(huì)員開放。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Thetoneofthearticle（）thewriter’smoodatthetime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reproduce“復(fù)制，繁殖”；B選項(xiàng)reflect“反射，反應(yīng)”；C選項(xiàng)imagine“想象，猜想”；D選項(xiàng)imitate“模仿，仿制”。句意：這篇文章的語氣反映了作者當(dāng)時(shí)的心情。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Environmentalissuesraiseahostofdifficultethicalquestions,includingtheancientoneofthenatureofintrinsicvalue.Whereasmanyphilosophersinthepasthaveagreedthathumanexperienceshaveintrinsicvalueandtheutilitariansatleasthavealwaysacceptedthatthepleasuresandpainsofnonhumananimalsareofsomeintrinsicsignificance,thisdoesnotshowwhyitissobadifdodosbecomeextinctorarainforestiscutdown.Arethesethingstoberegrettedonlybecauseofthelosstohumansorothersentientcreatures?Oristheremoretoitthanthat?Somephilosophersarenowpreparedtodefendtheviewthattrees,rivers,species(consideredapartfromtheindividualanimalsofwhichtheyconsist),andperhapsecologicalsystemsasawholehaveavalueindependentoftheinstrumentalvaluetheymayhaveforhumansorothersentientcreatures.

Ourconcernfortheenvironmentalsoraisesthequestionofourobligationstofuturegenerations.Howmuchdoweowetothefuture?Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.Forwecanbenefitthem,buttheyareunabletoreciprocate.Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown,providedonlythatwearecertainthattheywillexistandwillhaveintereststhatwillbeaffectedbywhatwedo.Inthecaseof,say,thestorageofradioactivewastes,itseemsclearthatwhatwedowillindeedaffecttheinterestsofgenerationstocome.

Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however,whenweconsiderthatwecanaffectthesizeoffuturegenerationsbythepopulationpolicieswechooseandtheextenttowhichweencouragelargeorsmallfamilies.Mostenvironmentalistsbelievethattheworldisalreadydangerouslyovercrowded.Thismaywellbeso,butthenotionofoverpopulationconcealsaphilosophicalissuethatisingeniouslyexploredbyDerekParfitinReasonsandPersons(1984).Whatisoptimumpopulation?Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?Bothanswersleadtocounterintuitiveoutcomes,andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

2.Weowenothingtothefuturegenerations（）.

3.Populationpolicywetakeshouldbeconsidered（）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,optimumpopulation（）.

5.Thepropertitleforthispassageshouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theintrinsicvalueofhumanexperiences

B.theintrinsicvalueoftheexperiencesofnonhumananimals

C.theintrinsicvalueofecologicalsystemasawhole

D.anancientethicalquestionaboutthenatureofintrinsicvalue

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.intheauthor’sopinion

B.fromasocialcontractviewofethics

C.forautilitarian

D.formostenvironmentalists

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.complex

D.reasonable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible

B.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfarewillbeasgreataspossible

C.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichremainstoberesolvedinthefuture

D.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichDerekParfithassuccessfullysettledinReasonsandPersons

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AMysteryinAppliedEthics

B.OurObligationstoFutureGenerations

C.EnvironmentalEthics

D.Environmentalissues

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干：第一段主要是關(guān)于_______。A選項(xiàng)“人類經(jīng)歷的內(nèi)在價(jià)值”，B選項(xiàng)“非人類動(dòng)物經(jīng)歷的內(nèi)在價(jià)值”，C選項(xiàng)“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)作為一個(gè)整體的內(nèi)在價(jià)值”，D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)關(guān)于內(nèi)在價(jià)值本質(zhì)的古老倫理問題”,前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)在第一段中都有提到，但并不是主要問題的所在，而第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，在第二句話中就點(diǎn)了出來，前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)是第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的展開說明，故D是正確答案。

2.推理判斷題。題干：我們不欠后代任何東西________。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“oweto”“futuregenerations”可以定位到文章第二段第三句話Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.（從倫理學(xué)的社會(huì)契約觀點(diǎn)或道德自我主義者的角度來看，答案似乎是：什么都不虧欠。），可知，B選項(xiàng)“倫理學(xué)的社會(huì)契約觀點(diǎn)”，是正確的。文章并沒有提及作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，所以A選項(xiàng)“在作者的觀點(diǎn)看來”排除。從文章第二段第五句話Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown.（然而，其他大多數(shù)倫理理論確實(shí)考慮到了后代的利益。舉例來說，功利主義者不會(huì)認(rèn)為，后代成員還不存在這一事實(shí)，是我們對后代利益的考慮少于我們對自己利益考慮的任何理由。），所以C選項(xiàng)“功利主義者”排除。環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者也認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該為后代考慮，所以D選線項(xiàng)“環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者”排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：我們采取的人口政策被認(rèn)為是_______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“populationpolicy”可以定位到文章第三段，第一句話明確指出Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however（然而，問題會(huì)變得越來越復(fù)雜），所以本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：根據(jù)文章，最適宜的人口數(shù)量_________。文章第三段后半部分提出了最合適的人口數(shù)量的問題。用兩個(gè)問句提出對這一問題的兩種可能的答案，即Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?(是在人口規(guī)模上，平均福利水平會(huì)盡可能高嗎？或者是總福利的規(guī)?！骄艘匀丝诘臄?shù)量——盡可能大？)，并在結(jié)尾的最后一句話中指出，andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.（這一問題仍是應(yīng)用倫理學(xué)中最令人不解的謎之一。），其意就是仍有待于將來解決，所以C選項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)只能留到將來解決哲學(xué)問題”是正確答案。A選項(xiàng)“最適宜的人口數(shù)量指平均福利水平盡可能高的人口規(guī)?！保珺選項(xiàng)“最適宜的人口數(shù)量指福利總額最大的人口規(guī)?！保珹，B選項(xiàng)都是文章提出的問題，未被證實(shí)，所以不正確，D選項(xiàng)“最適宜的人口數(shù)量是一個(gè)困難的哲學(xué)問題，德里克?帕菲特在《理性與人》中成功地解決了這個(gè)問題”德里克?帕菲特只是在書中提到Whatisoptimumpopulation?但是并沒有解決，所以D選項(xiàng)不正確，綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。題干：最適合文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是________。本文主要討論的并不是環(huán)境問題，而是由環(huán)境問題而引出的道德問題，A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用道德中的謎”是最后一段提到的，B選項(xiàng)是“我們對下一代的責(zé)任”是第二段提到的，二者都不足以代表整篇文章的思想內(nèi)容。所以本題的正確答案應(yīng)該是C選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境倫理”。

4.單選題

Withcloud,mobility,bigdataandconsumerization,companiesareinevengreaterneedoftechnologytalentthantheywereinthelate1990s,andthattalentisinevenshortersupply.Computerscienceenrollmentsareatanall-timelow;baby-boomerworkersareretiringandtakingallofthatlegacy—systemsknowledgewiththem;andSiliconValleyishotagain.Wouldthatyoung,brilliantdeveloperratherjointhenextZyngaorupgradethepayrollsystemsatyourinsurancecompany?

Twoweeksago,IaskedtheITexecutivereadershipofmyweeklynewsletter,TheHellerReport,toanswerthequestion:Ifyouhadamagicwand,whichonetalentproblemwouldyousolve?Responsespouredinandaddressedchallengesaroundrecruiting,developingleaders,andretainingthetalentthattheycurrentlyhave.Butmorethan70percentofreaderswouldusetheirmagicwandtodoonlyonething:givebusinessskillstotheirtechnologists.Theirpeople,theyworry,aresonarrowlyfocusedonthetechnologythattheyfailtoseetheforestforthetrees.Theydonotunderstandthebusinesscontextoftheirtechnologywork,norcantheyhavemeaningfuldiscussionswiththeleadersofthebusinessareasabouttheirtechnologysupport.

Thislackofbusiness-savvytechnologytalentisaseriousproblemforeverycompanythatreliesontechnologytoexist(whichis,ofcourse,everycompany).Thosebeautifully“blendedexecutives,”whocantalktechnologyinonemeetingandcantalkbusinessinanother,arerarebirds.Yetwithtechnologymovingdirectlyintotherevenuestreamofyourcompany,youneedthem,andyourneedisonlygoingtoincrease.

Oneoptionistospendallofyourtimeandmoneyonrecruitingblendedexecutivesfromtheoutside.Youwillbeinheatedcompetitionwitheveryothercompanyinyourmarket,andifyourrecruitingfunctionisnotacompetitiveweaponforyou,youwillfindyourselfinalosingbattle.Youwouldbemuchbetteroffgrowingyourown.Herearesomeideas:

Buildarotationalprogram.EncourageyourheadofhumanresourcestoworkwithyourCIOandafewofyourotherbusinessleaderstobuildaprogramthatrotatesITpeopleintodifferentfunctionsofthebusiness.Thiskindofprogramisnoteasy,withyourCIOhavingtosurvivewithoutatrustedITleaderforaperiodoftime,butthelong-termresultofagoodrotationalprogramcanbetremendous.Itmaywellbeworththeinvestment.

Involveyourbusinessleaders.Ifarotationalprogramistoomuchtotakeonrightnow,buildaleadershipdevelopmentprogramforITthatinvolvesyourbusinessexecutives.EncourageyourCIOtoinvitetheheadsofyourmajorbusinessunitstomeetregularlywiththeseniorITteamtoeducatethemontheirbusinessarea.Andbesurethatyou,CFO,arespendingenoughtimewithIT.Usethatinteractiontochipawayatthelong-standingwallthatoftenexistsbetweenthebusinessandIT.

1.CompaniesareingreaterneedoftechnologytalentNOTbecauseof（）.

2.ThemainideaofParagraph2isthat（）.

3.Thephrase“recruitingfunction”underlinedinParagraph4refersto（）.

4.Ifacompanydoesn’thaveenoughtimeandmoneytohireexecutivesitneeds,itshould（）.

5.ArotationalprogramDOESN’Tinvolve（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theaccumulationofmoredata

B.theneedtoserveconsumers

C.therisingdemandforcloudcomputation

D.thedevelopmentofmedicalindustry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.profounddiscussionisrequired

B.ITemployeesshouldbebusiness-savvy

C.technologysupportisexpected

D.therearechallengesinrecruitingdevelopers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.recruitmentofaparticularfirm

B.thefunctionalityofrecruitment

C.competitiverecruitmentstrategy

D.employmentofITworkersforacertainemployer

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.achievelong-termresults

B.deviseatrainingprogram

C.participateinheatedcompetition

D.callonallbusinessleaders

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.blendedITexecutives

B.CIO

C.CEO

D.allbusinessleaders

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：公司特別需要技術(shù)人才不是因?yàn)開______。通過題干定位到文章第一段的第一句話Withcloud,mobility,bigdataandconsumerization,companiesareinevengreaterneedoftechnologytalentthantheywereinthelate1990s.（隨著云計(jì)算、移動(dòng)性、大數(shù)據(jù)和消費(fèi)化，企業(yè)比上世紀(jì)90年代末更需要技術(shù)人才。），A選項(xiàng)“更多數(shù)據(jù)的累積”，對應(yīng)“大數(shù)據(jù)”，B選項(xiàng)“服務(wù)消費(fèi)者的需要”，對應(yīng)“消費(fèi)化”，C選項(xiàng)“云計(jì)算需求的增加”，對應(yīng)“云計(jì)算”，只有D選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展”，在文中并沒有提及，所以本題應(yīng)該選D選項(xiàng)。

2.主旨大意題。題干：第二段的中心思想是________。根據(jù)第二段的主要內(nèi)容“如果你有根魔杖，你會(huì)解決哪一個(gè)人才問題？70%的讀者的選擇是把商業(yè)技能傳授給他們的技術(shù)人員”，所以B選項(xiàng)“IT員工應(yīng)該具有商業(yè)頭腦”符合題意。文中最后一句提到Theydonotunderstandthebusinesscontextoftheirtechnologywork,norcantheyhavemeaningfuldiscussionswiththeleadersofthebusinessareasabouttheirtechnologysupport.（他們不了解其技術(shù)工作的業(yè)務(wù)環(huán)境，也不能與業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者就其技術(shù)支持進(jìn)行有意義的討論。），由此可知，和業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者進(jìn)行深入的討論是包括在商業(yè)技能里面的，所以A選項(xiàng)“需要深入的討論”不正確，C選項(xiàng)“期待技術(shù)支持”和D選項(xiàng)“在招聘開發(fā)者方面存在一些挑戰(zhàn)”都是想要解決的問題之一，但不是中心思想。綜上所述，該題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

3.語義推測題。題干：文中第四段的劃線部分“recruitingfunction”指的是_______。第四段中提到ifyourrecruitingfunctionisnotacompetitiveweaponforyou,youwillfindyourselfinalosingbattle.Youwouldbemuchbetteroffgrowingyourown.Herearesomeideas：（如果你的recruitingfunction對你來說不是一件有競爭力的武器，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于一場失敗的戰(zhàn)斗中。你最好發(fā)展自身，以下是一些建議：），緊接著第五，第六段提出一些建議。所以recruitingfunction在這里指的是“有競爭力的招聘策略”，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“特定公司的招聘”，B選項(xiàng)“招聘的功能”，D選項(xiàng)“為某個(gè)雇主雇傭IT工人”，均不是對recruitingfunction正確的解釋。綜上所述，該題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：如果一家公司沒有足夠的時(shí)間和資金來聘請它所需要的高管，那么它應(yīng)該_________。文章第五段和第六段提到的兩個(gè)建議，第一個(gè)是Buildarotationalprogram（建立一個(gè)輪換計(jì)劃），第二個(gè)是Involveyourbusinessleaders（讓你的商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖參與進(jìn)來），由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“號召所有的商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“取得長期結(jié)果”，在文中并未提及，排除A選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)“制定培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃”，文中第六段提到的輪換計(jì)劃指的是將IT人員輪換到業(yè)務(wù)的不同職能的程序，和B選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不相符，排除B選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)“參加激烈的比賽”，在文中并未提及，排除C選項(xiàng)。所以本題應(yīng)該選擇D選項(xiàng)。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：輪換制度不包括________。由關(guān)鍵詞“rotationalprogram”定位到文章第五段EncourageyourheadofhumanresourcestoworkwithyourCIOandafewofyourotherbusinessleaderstobuildaprogramthatrotatesITpeopleintodifferentfunctionsofthebusiness.（鼓勵(lì)您的人力資源主管與您的CIO和其他一些業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)合作，建立一個(gè)將IT人員輪換到業(yè)務(wù)的不同職能的程序。），由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“所有商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖”，不正確，所以本題選擇D選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)“混合IT高管”，B選項(xiàng)“CIO”均在第五段中提到，C選項(xiàng)“CEO”在第六段中提到“businessexecutives”，綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

TheAmericandreamismost（）duringtheperiodsofproductivityandwealthgeneratedbyAmericancapitalism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plausible

B.patriotic

C.primitive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plausible“看似可信的，花言巧語的”；B選項(xiàng)patriotic“愛國的”；C選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的，粗糙的”；D選項(xiàng)partial“偏愛的，不公平的”，這里要考慮句子前后的邏輯關(guān)系，美國資本主義帶來發(fā)達(dá)的生產(chǎn)力，創(chuàng)造了巨大的財(cái)富，因此一時(shí)之間美國夢看起來似乎是能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，其它三項(xiàng)均不能使句子句意通順。句意：在美國資本主義帶來高度的生產(chǎn)力和巨大的財(cái)富期間，美國夢似乎是最能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.myshoulder

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。turnone’sbackon為固定搭配，意為“不理會(huì)……，不肯給予……幫助”。句意：句意：她對我一直很好，現(xiàn)在她需要我的幫助，我不能不管。由搭配和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

Itisimperativethatthegovernment（）moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attracts

B.shallattract

C.attract

D.hastoattract

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在itis+表示要求，建議，必要，命令意思的形容詞或分詞+主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中。句子使用虛擬語氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略，imperative表示“必要的，不可避免的”。句意：吸引更多的投資到造船業(yè)是勢在必行的。因此,本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Joereturnedfromvacationandwokeupcompletely（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refreshed

B.beingrefreshed

C.havingrefreshed

D.havingbeenrefreshed

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。B選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式，“beingdone”，C選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)名詞的完成形式“havingdone”，D選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)名詞的完成+被動(dòng)形式“havingbeendone”，句意：喬度假回來，醒來后精神抖擻。所以本題的正確答案應(yīng)該是A選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Therehasnotbeenagreatresponsetothesale,（）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.doesthere

B.hasn’tthere

C.hasn’tit

D.hasthere

【答案】D

【解析】考查反義疑問句。含有therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的反義疑問句，如果陳述部分為therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，則疑問部分用be（not）there。例如：Thereisnotmuchnews，isthere？本題用的是therebe句型的完成時(shí)的否定形式，所以反義疑問句要用到完成時(shí)的肯定形式，即hasthere？句意：這次銷售反響不太好，對吧？綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Everycountrywithamonetarysystemofitsownhastohavesomekindofmarketinwhichdealersinbills,notes,andotherformsofshorttermcreditcanbuyandsell.The“moneymarket”isasetofinstitutionsorarrangementsforhandlingwhatmightbecalledwholesaletransactionsinmoneyandshort-termcredit.Theneedforsuchfacilitiesarisesinmuchthesamewaythatasimilarneeddoesinconnectionwiththedistributionofanyoftheproductsofadiversifiedeconomytotheirfinalusersattheretaillevel.Iftheretaileristoprovidereasonablyadequateservicetohiscustomers,hemusthaveactivecontactswithotherswhospecializeinmakingorhandlingbulkquantitiesofwhateverishisstockintrade.Themoneymarketismadeupofspecializedfacilitiesofexactlythiskind.Itexistsforthepurposeofimprovingtheabilityoftheretailersoffinancialservices—commercialbanks,savingsinstitutions,investmenthouses,lendingagencies,andevengovernments—todotheirjob.Ithaslittleifanycontactwiththeindividualsorfirmswhomaintainaccountswiththesevariousretailersorpurchasetheirsecuritiesorborrowfromthem.

Theelementalfunctionsofamoneymarketmustbeperformedinanykindofmoderneconomy,evenonethatislargelyplannedorsocialist,butthearrangementsinsocialistcountriesdonotordinarilytaketheformofamarket.Moneymarketsexistincountriesthatusemarketprocessesratherthanplannedallocationstodistributemostoftheirprimaryresourcesamongalternativeuses.Thegeneraldistinguishingfeatureofamoneymarketisthatitreliesuponopencompetitionamongthosewhoarebulksuppliersoffundsatanyparticulartimeandamongthoseseekingbulkfunds,toworkoutthebestpracticabledistributionoftheexistingtotalvolumeofsuchfunds.

Intheirmarkettransactions,thosewithbulksuppliesoffundsordemandsforthem,relyongroupsofintermediarieswhoactasbrokersordealers.Thecharacteristicsofthesemiddlemen,theservicestheyperform,andtheirrelationshiptootherpartsofthefinancialsystemvarywidelyfromcountrytocountry.Inmanycountriesthereisnosinglemeetingplacewherethemiddlemengettogether,yetinmostcountriesthecontactsamongallparticipantsaresufficientlyopenandfreetoassureeachsupplieroruseroffundsthathewillgetorpayapricethatfairlyreflectsalloftheinfluences(includinghisown)thatarecurrentlyaffectingthewholesupplyandthewholedemand.Innearlyallcases,moreover,theunifyingforceofcompetitionisreflectedatanygivenmomentinacommonprice(thatis,rateofinterest)forsimilartransactions.Continuousfluctuationsinthemoneymarketratesofinterestresultfromchangesinthepressureofavailablesuppliesoffundsuponthemarketandinthepullofcurrentdemandsuponthemarket.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothispassage,themoneymarket（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningmoneymarketisNOTTRUEaccordingtothispassage?

4.Theauthorusestheexampleofmiddlementoshow（）.

5.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedefinitionofmoneymarket

B.theconstitutionofamoneymarket

C.thebasicfunctionsofamoneymarket

D.thegeneralfeatureofamoneymarket

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.providesconvenientservicestoitscustomers

B.hasclosecontactwiththeindividualsorfirmsseekingfunds

C.maintainsaccountswithvariousretailersoffinancialservices

D.ismadeupofinstitutionswhichspecializeinhandlingwholesalemonetarytransactions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Moneymarketdoesnotexistinplannedeconomies.

B.Moneymarkethasbeenestablishedinsomesocialistcountries.

C.Moneymarketencouragesopencompetitionamongbulksuppliersoffunds.

D.Moneymarketreliesuponmarketprocessestodistributefundstofinalusers.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.markettransactionsareimportantindifferentcountries

B.dealersareneededindoingbusiness

C.middlemencanplaygreatroleindifferenttransactionsanddifferentcountries.

D.middlemenindifferentcountrieshavedifferentactionsinbusiness.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.brokersusuallyperformthesamekindsofservicestotheircustomers

B.brokershavelittlecontactwitheachother

C.opencompetitiontendstoresultinacommonpriceforsimilartransactionsatanygivenmoment

D.changesinthepressureofavailablesuppliesoffundsuponthemarkettendstomaintainamoneymarket

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干：第一段主要是關(guān)于___________?？梢远ㄎ坏降谝欢危浑y發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一段的主要是在描述金融市場的定義The“moneymarket”isasetofinstitutionsorarrangementsforhandlingwhatmightbecalledwholesaletransactionsinmoneyandshort-termcredit.（金融市場就是一組用錢和短期信貸進(jìn)行批發(fā)交易的公共機(jī)構(gòu)或組織。）以及金融市場的目的和作用Itexistsforthepurposeofimprovingtheabilityoftheretailersoffinancialservices…（其設(shè)立的目的是為了幫助金融機(jī)構(gòu)……），所以C選項(xiàng)“金融市場的基本功能”正確。A選項(xiàng)“金融市場的定義”不夠全面，B選項(xiàng)“金融市場的章程”和D選項(xiàng)“金融市場的一般特征”在第一段中均未提及，排除，所以本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干：根據(jù)文章，金融市場________。通過第一段第二行的后半句話可知The“moneymarket”isasetofinstitutionsorarrangementsforhandlingwhatmightbecalledwholesaletransactionsinmoneyandshort-termcredit.（金融市場就是一組用錢和短期信貸進(jìn)行批發(fā)交易的公共機(jī)構(gòu)或組織。），該句的意思與D項(xiàng)“是由專門處理批發(fā)貨幣交易的機(jī)構(gòu)組成的”符合，故D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“為客戶提供方便的服務(wù)”通過第一段第四句Iftheretaileristoprovidereasonablyadequateservicetohiscustomers（如果零售商要為他的客戶提供充足的服務(wù)。），可知，為客戶提供服務(wù)的應(yīng)該是零售商，所以A選項(xiàng)不正確，B選項(xiàng)“與尋求資金的個(gè)人或公司有密切聯(lián)系”，通過最后一段第一句話Intheirmarkettransactions,thosewithbulksuppliesoffundsordemandsforthem,relyongroupsofintermediarieswhoactasbrokersordealers.（在市場交易中，提供資金和尋求資金者之間依靠經(jīng)紀(jì)人或經(jīng)銷商這些中間人來進(jìn)行交易。），所以B選項(xiàng)不正確，C選項(xiàng)“在不同的金融服務(wù)零售商保持賬戶”，由第一段倒數(shù)第二句話可知，金融市場是為了幫助金融機(jī)構(gòu)的零售商們做好他們的工作，和C選項(xiàng)表達(dá)意思不符合，所以C選項(xiàng)不正確。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。題干：根據(jù)文章可知，以下那個(gè)關(guān)于金融市場的描述不正確？根據(jù)第二段第三行Moneymarketsexistincountriesthatusemarketprocessesratherthanplannedallocationstodistributemostoftheirprimaryresourcesamongalternativeuses.（金融市場存在于那些利用市場而不是計(jì)劃來分配資源的國家里。），我們可以知道，貨幣市場不僅僅存在于社會(huì)主義國家，所以B選項(xiàng)“金融市場在一些社會(huì)主義國家已經(jīng)建立了”是錯(cuò)誤的。A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)中不存在金融市場”，與第二段的第一句話“金融市場最基本的功能必須以現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)形式來體現(xiàn)，甚至是高度計(jì)劃或社會(huì)主義，但社會(huì)主義國家不一定都要采取市場形式?！睂?yīng)，所以排除A選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)“金融市場鼓勵(lì)大宗資金供應(yīng)商之間的公開競爭”與第二段的最后一句話“貨幣市場的特點(diǎn)是，它依賴于在任何特定時(shí)間內(nèi)，大量資金提供者之間的公開競爭””對應(yīng)，所以排除C選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)“金融市場依靠市場程序?qū)①Y金分配給最終用戶”，與文章第一段中提到，“金融市場就是一組用錢和短期信貸進(jìn)行批發(fā)交易的公共機(jī)構(gòu)或組織，在多樣經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下在零售層面中將產(chǎn)品分配給最終的用戶需要建立很多便利設(shè)施”對應(yīng)，所以排除D選項(xiàng)。綜上所述，本題應(yīng)該選B選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干：作者利用中間商的例子來說明________。三段中，對這些middleman的作用進(jìn)行了闡述，從中我們可以看到他們在不同的國家都起到了重要的作用，所以C選項(xiàng)“中間商在不同的交易和不同的國家都能發(fā)揮很大的作用”正確，A選項(xiàng)“市場交易在不同的國家都很重要”和D選項(xiàng)“在不同的國家中間商在商界有著不同的舉措”，在文中均有提及，但是并不是作者的目的。B選項(xiàng)“做生意需要經(jīng)銷商”文章都在說明金融市場的功能和重要性，所以這里應(yīng)該是，做生意需要金融市場而不是經(jīng)銷商。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。題干：根據(jù)文章，_________。第二段的第三句話中，我們可以知道貨幣市場的一個(gè)分配特征就是依靠資金提供方和需求方各內(nèi)部之間的競爭，所以可以得出C項(xiàng)“公開競爭往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致類似交易在任何給定時(shí)刻的共同價(jià)格”的結(jié)論。A“經(jīng)紀(jì)人通常為他們的客戶提供同樣的服務(wù)”，通過文章第三段第二句話“這些中間人的特點(diǎn)，他們提供的服務(wù)，他們同其他金融之間的關(guān)系每個(gè)國家都不同”，可知A選項(xiàng)不正確，B項(xiàng)“經(jīng)紀(jì)人之間幾乎沒有聯(lián)系”，通過文章第三段第三句話“大多數(shù)國家中所有參與者之間的聯(lián)系都是公開進(jìn)行”可知B選項(xiàng)不符合文中的題意。D項(xiàng)“可用資金供應(yīng)對市場壓力的變化傾向于維持貨幣市場”貨幣市場的浮動(dòng)并不只是取決于資金提供方，還有市場的需要的因素，所以排除D選項(xiàng)。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

They’veliftedatwo-year-longeconomic（）onthecountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enclosure

B.restriction

C.blockade

D.prohibition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)enclosure“圍墻，圍場”；B選項(xiàng)restriction“限制，約束”；C選項(xiàng)blockade“包圍，封鎖”；D選項(xiàng)prohibition“禁止，禁令”。economic常和blockade搭配，意思是“經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖”。句意：他們解除了對該國長達(dá)兩年的經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.寫作題

WriteontheANSWERSHEETaletterofabout150wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:

SupposeyouareinterestedinbeingavisitingscholaratNewYorkUniversity,theUnitedStates.Writeanapplicationletter,statingyourpersonalqualities,accomplishmentsandotherreasonswhyyouareamongthosebestsuitedtolearnatthatuniversity.

【答案】略

13.單選題

TheWorldBankhasfundedmanyimprovementschemes（）,includingshantytownandtransportimprovements.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.global

B.overall

C.worldwide

D.universally

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)global“全球的，總體的”；B選項(xiàng)overall“全部的，全體的”；C選項(xiàng)worldwide“遍及全球地”；D選項(xiàng)universally“普遍地，到處”。句意：世界銀行資助了很多世界各地的改善計(jì)劃，包括貧民區(qū)和交通的改善。根據(jù)句意，只有A、C選項(xiàng)符合意思。題干中的scheme是個(gè)名詞，之后可以加副詞作為定語修飾名詞，而A選項(xiàng)是個(gè)形容詞，故排除。所以本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)refresh“振作，恢復(fù)活力”；B選項(xiàng)restore“恢復(fù)，修復(fù)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)恢復(fù)原貌；C選項(xiàng)renovate“更新，修復(fù)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)整修一新；D選項(xiàng)renew“使更新，使修復(fù)”。句意：為了使大教堂恢復(fù)昔日的輝煌，進(jìn)行了大量的工作。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

Look,weareinsuchanawfulsituation.I’dratheryou（）thedatafromtheInternetyesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadn’tdownloaded

B.didn’tdownload

C.weren’tdownloading

D.haven’tdownloaded

【答案】A

【解析】虛擬語氣。wouldrather（寧愿）+賓語從句，從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣。與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用had+過去分詞，故本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

16.單選題

Itisanoffencetoshow（）againstpeopleofdifferentraces.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinction

B.difference

C.separation

D.discrimination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinction“區(qū)別，差別”；B選項(xiàng)difference“差異，不同”；C選項(xiàng)separation“分離，分開”；D選項(xiàng)discrimination“歧視，區(qū)別”句意：歧視其他種族的人是一種冒犯行為。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.單選題

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCTAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession”.ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail，isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“opensourceintelligence,”andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin，wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpen-SourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.S.

StraifordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution，aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newinternetsign-upsfromUkraine，”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”O(jiān)pen-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfromback.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.

Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess-Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymight,bewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas（）.

2.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto（）.

3.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”mostprobablymeans（）.

4.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4that（）.

5.Straitfordismostproudofits（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices

C.restoredmanycommonpastimes

D.revivedspyingasaprofession

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.introducethetopicofonlinespying

B.showhowhefoughtfortheUS

C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

D.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.causingthebiggesttrouble

B.exertingthegreatesteffort

C.achievingthegreatestsuccess

D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Straitford’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

C.Straitford’ssbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

D.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.officialstatus

B.nonconformistimage

C.efficientstaff

D.militarybackground

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：網(wǎng)絡(luò)的出現(xiàn)_________。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句話ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail，isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.（如今，網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)改變了購書和寄信等日常娛樂活動(dòng)的消遣方式，也正在改變多諾萬從事的職業(yè)。），根據(jù)前文語境，多諾萬的職業(yè)就是間諜工作。那么就是說網(wǎng)絡(luò)的出現(xiàn)改變了間諜活動(dòng)，B選項(xiàng)“重塑了情報(bào)服務(wù)系統(tǒng)”，符合題意。網(wǎng)絡(luò)改變了普通的消遣方式，所以C選項(xiàng)“恢復(fù)了許多普通的消遣方式”不正確，A選項(xiàng)“得到了多諾萬等粉絲的支持”和D選項(xiàng)“重新把間諜作為一種職業(yè)”并沒有提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干：多諾萬的故事在書中提到為了_______。因?yàn)樵擃}是例證題，開頭提到例子，應(yīng)該去例子之后找論點(diǎn)句。定位到第一段最后一句話ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.（如今，網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)改變了購書和寄信等日常娛樂活動(dòng)的消遣方式，也正在改變多諾萬從事的