2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號21

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Mr.Mortongradually（

）theknowledgeofthesubject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attained

B.required

C.acquired

D.enquired

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)attain“達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)require“要求”；C選項(xiàng)acquire“獲得，學(xué)到”；D選項(xiàng)enquire“詢問”。句意：Morton先生漸漸掌握了這門課程的知識。選項(xiàng)C更符合語境。

2.翻譯題

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Itisnotpossibleforamereawardofmoneytoputhiminthepositionhewouldhaveenjoyedhadthebargainbeenperformed.Thebargainmustthereforebeperformed.Butthecourtsrarelycompelthespecificperformanceofacontract,savewhereitisoneforthesaleofrealestate,sinceeveryparcelofrealpropertyisdeemedtobeunique,special,anduniquelyvaluabletoitsowner.Thereareotherkindsofcontractsthatcanbespecificallyenforced,buttheirnumberislimitedanddwindlinginanunsentimental,commercialworldinwhichthepaymentofmoneyisusuallydeemedtheproperremedyforeverylossordisappointmentsuffered.Undercertaincircumstances,anaggrievedpartycanavoidacontractthathepreviouslyagreedtomake.Thisisknownasrescissionoravoidanceofthecontract.Bythisrelief,thepartiesaretobeplacedinthepositioninwhichtheyfoundthemselvesbeforethecontractwasmade.

Litigantshavemutualincentivestosaveonlitigationcostsbysettlingoutofcourt.Theyavoiduncertaintrialoutcomesanddelaysandcanagreetokeepsettlementsconfidential.Insomecases,settlementsmaybereachedthroughalternativemethodsofdisputeresolution,suchasvoluntaryarbitrationormediationGenerally,detailsofcivildisputessettledbeforeatrialarenotreportedtothecourtsandhencearenotincludedinpubliclyavailabledataThosedatathereforeshowonlypartofthepicture—theremaybeimportantdifferencesbetweencasesthatgototrialandcasesthatsettleoutofcourt.Forexample,casesthatgototrialprobablyinvolvelargerdollaramounts,onaverage.Nevertheless,trialverdictssetprecedentsforallcasesandthusaffecttheincentivetosettlebysignalingthevalueandprobabilityofsuccesstofuturelitigants.

【答案】僅僅是金錢判決不可能讓他享有履行協(xié)議而帶來的處境。因此，協(xié)議必須履行。但是，法院很少會強(qiáng)制協(xié)議的具體實(shí)施，除非協(xié)議是針對不動產(chǎn)的出售，因?yàn)槊恳环莶粍赢a(chǎn)對它的所有者而言被認(rèn)為是獨(dú)特的、特殊的和具有特別價(jià)值的。也有另外一些可以具體地被強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的協(xié)議，然而，在金錢經(jīng)常被視為彌補(bǔ)所遭受損失或失望的合理手段的這個(gè)無情的商業(yè)世界里，這類協(xié)議的數(shù)量是有限的并一直在減少。在某些情況下，受侵害的一方可以廢止自己先前同意簽訂的協(xié)議。這被稱為解除或廢止協(xié)議。通過這種補(bǔ)救方法，協(xié)議各方發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己處于協(xié)議簽訂之前的境地。

訴訟當(dāng)事人都有通過庭外和解的方式去節(jié)約訴訟成本的動機(jī)。通過該方式，他們避免不確定的審判結(jié)果與延期，并且可以同意保密和解協(xié)議。在一些情況下，和解協(xié)議可能通過替代性糾紛解決方法來達(dá)成，比如自愿仲裁或調(diào)解。一般情況下，和解的民事糾紛細(xì)節(jié)在審判前不會呈上法庭，因此它們不包含在公開信息中。因此，那些公開信息僅僅展現(xiàn)了所有案件的一部分—法庭審判的案件和庭外和解的案件間可能存在巨大的差異。比如，一般來說，法庭審判的案件很可能牽涉更多的金錢數(shù)量。然而，審判裁決為所有的案件開創(chuàng)了先例，因此，它們通過示意利害關(guān)系及勝訴的可能性，影響了今后訴訟當(dāng)事人去解決糾紛的動機(jī)。

3.單選題

Towhatextentwillfuturescientificdiscoveriesmakepossiblethe（

）ofthehumanlifespan?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.increase

B.prolongation

C.expansion

D.growth

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)increase“增加”；B選項(xiàng)prolongation“延伸”；C選項(xiàng)expansion“闡述”；D選項(xiàng)growth“成長”。句意：未來的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)能在多大程度上延長人類的壽命?選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

Gotoinspectallthepartstofindwhatwasat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wrong

B.trouble

C.fault

D.difficulty

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表示錯(cuò)誤或問題的意思，但是題干中的介詞是at，只有選項(xiàng)C能與之搭配。選項(xiàng)A的搭配為“be+wrong”，選項(xiàng)B和D和介詞in搭配，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。句意：去檢查所有的部件，看看哪里出了問題。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

Hisparentsgavehimmanyexpensivetoysassomeformof（

）forhislamenessandinabilitytoplayactivegames.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.remedy

B.compensation

C.treatment

D.comfort

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)remedy“補(bǔ)救”；B選項(xiàng)compensation“補(bǔ)償，報(bào)酬”；C選項(xiàng)treatment“治療，處理”；D選項(xiàng)comfort“安慰，舒適”。句意：他的父母給了他許多昂貴的玩具，作為他跛腳而不能玩活動類游戲的某種補(bǔ)償。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

I'mafraidI（

）forgotherbirthday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pure

B.right

C.sheer

D.clean

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)pure“純粹的”；B選項(xiàng)right“正確的”；C選項(xiàng)sheer“完全，徹底”；D選項(xiàng)clean“干凈的”。句意：我恐怕完全忘記她的生日了。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Bynowhehasreachedthe（

）ofhisambition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.superiority

B.resolution

C.summit

D.procedure

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)superiority“優(yōu)越”；B選項(xiàng)resolution“分辨率，決心”；C選項(xiàng)summit“頂點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)procedure“程序，步驟”。句意：到目前為止，他已經(jīng)達(dá)到了他抱負(fù)的頂峰。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

The（

）bonesofanelderlypersonmayfractureeasily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slender

B.brittle

C.dense

D.firm

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)slender“細(xì)長的，苗條的”；B選項(xiàng)brittle“脆弱的”；C選項(xiàng)dense“稠密的”；D選項(xiàng)firm“堅(jiān)定的”。句意：老年人脆弱的骨頭可能容易折斷。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)同樣屬于共同財(cái)產(chǎn)。

刑法不得溯及既往。

法院駁回了原告的訴訟主張。

他對債務(wù)負(fù)主要責(zé)任。

本合同的任何改動或修正必須作為書面方能產(chǎn)生效力。

【答案】Maritalpropertyisalsopartofthecommonproperty.

Thecriminallawshallnotberetroactive.

Thecourtrejectedtheplaintiffsclaim.

Hewasmainlyresponsibleforthedebt.

Anychangesormodificationofthiscontractmustbewritteninordertobeeffective.

10.單選題

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.puthimthrough

B.turnedhimout

C.gavehimup

D.cuthimshort

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)putthrough“接通，完成”；B選項(xiàng)turnout“結(jié)果是”；C選項(xiàng)giveup“放棄”；D選項(xiàng)cutshort“打斷，縮減”。句意：杰克正要宣布我們的計(jì)劃，但我打斷了他。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

11.單選題

Agoodscientist（

）intoallaspectsofaprobleminordertofindsolutions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pricks

B.pokes

C.probes

D.peers

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)prick“戳，扎破”；B選項(xiàng)poke“戳，刺”；C選項(xiàng)probe“調(diào)查”；D選項(xiàng)peer“凝視”。句意：一個(gè)好的科學(xué)家會對調(diào)查問題的各個(gè)方面，以便找到解決辦法。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Shewasso（

）fortheknowledgethatshehadtaughtherselfallthecoursesbeforeshewenttocollege.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.grave

B.greedy

C.anxious

D.worried

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)grave“重大的”；B選項(xiàng)greedy“貪婪的，渴望的”；C選項(xiàng)anxious“焦慮的”；D選項(xiàng)worried“擔(dān)心的”。句意：她是對知識是如此的渴望，以至于她在上大學(xué)之前就自學(xué)了所有的課程。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.單選題

Mothertoldmethatthemostimportantthingofchoosingapieceofclothisits（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.style

B.texture

C.textile

D.content

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)style“風(fēng)格，類型”；B選項(xiàng)texture“質(zhì)地，紋理，結(jié)構(gòu)”；C選項(xiàng)textile“紡織品”；D選項(xiàng)content“內(nèi)容，滿足”。句意：母親告訴我，挑選一塊布最重要的是看它的質(zhì)地。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

Sincethecouplecouldnot（

）theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reconcile

B.comply

C.coincide

D.resign

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)reconcile“調(diào)和，使一致”；B選comply“遵守，順從”；C選項(xiàng)coincide“一致，符合”；D選項(xiàng)resign“辭職”。句意：由于這對夫婦無法調(diào)和他們之間的分歧，他們決定離婚。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

Itishis（

）.Ifthebikeisdamaged,hemustpay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ability

B.liability

C.capacity

D.capability

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)ability“能力，才能”；B選項(xiàng)liability“責(zé)任，債務(wù)”；C選項(xiàng)capacity“能力，資格”；D選項(xiàng)capability“能力，性能”。句意：這是他的責(zé)任。如果自行車壞了，他必須賠償。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

16.單選題

Workingfarawayfromhishome,hehadto（

）fromOxfordtoLondoneveryday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commute

B.wander

C.ramble

D.motion

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)commute“通勤，往返于”；B選項(xiàng)wander“徘徊，漫步”；C選項(xiàng)ramble“閑逛”；D選項(xiàng)motion“運(yùn)動”。句意：他在離家很遠(yuǎn)的地方工作，每天不得不往返于牛津和倫敦之間。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

17.單選題

I（

）myeyesroundtheroombutsawnothingunusual.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.jerked

B.flung

C.tossed

D.cast

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)jerk“猛拉”；B選項(xiàng)flung“猛推”；C選項(xiàng)toss“拋，投”；D選項(xiàng)cast“投擲”。castone’seyes為固定搭配，意為“掃視”。句意：我環(huán)視了房間的四周，但沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)什么異常。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

18.單選題

Farmersinthedevelopingworldhatepricefluctuations.Itmakesithardtoplanahead.Butmostofthemhavelittlechoice:theysellatthepricethemarketsets.FarmersinEurope,theUSandJapanareluckier:theyreceivemassivegovernmentsubsidiesintheformofguaranteedpricesordirecthandouts.LastmonthU.S.PresidentBushsignedanewfarmbillthatgivesAmericanfarmers$190billionoverthenext10years,or$83billionmorethantheyhadbeenscheduledtoget,andpushesU.S.agriculturalsupportclosetocrazyEuropeanlevels.Bushsaidthestepwasnecessaryto“promotefarmerindependenceandpreservethefarmwayoflifeforgenerations”.ItisalsodesignedtohelptheRepublicanPartywincontroloftheSenateinNovember’smid-termelections.

Agriculturalproductioninmostpoorcountriesaccountsforupto50%ofGDP,comparedtoonly3%inrichcountries.Butmostfarmersinpoorcountriesgrowjustenoughforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.ThosewhotryexportingtotheWestfindtheirgoodswhackedwithhugetariffsorcompetingagainstcheapersubsidizedgoods.In1999theUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopmentconcludedthanforeachdollardevelopingcountriesreceiveinaidtheyloseupto$14justbecauseoftradebarriersimposedontheexportoftheirmanufacturedgoods.It’snotasifthedevelopingworldwantsanyfavors,saysGeraldSsendwula,Uganda'sMinisterofFinance.“Whatwewantisfortherichcountriestoletuscompete.”

AgricultureisoneofthefewareasinwhichtheThirdWorldcancompete.Landandlaborarecheap,andasfanningmethodsdevelop,newtechnologiesshouldimproveoutput.Thisisnopie-in-the-skyspeculation.ThebiggestsuccessinKenva’seconomyoverthepastdecadehasbeentheboominexportsofcutflowersandvegetablestoEurope.Butthatmayallchangein2008,whenKenyawillbeslightlytoorichtoqualifyforthe“l(fā)east-developedcountry”statusthatallowsAfricanproducerstoavoidpayingstiffEuropeanimportdutiesonselectedagriculturalproducts.Withtradebarriersinplace,thehorticultureindustryinKenyawillshrivelasquicklyasdiscardedrose.Andwhileagricultureexportsremainthegreathopeforpoorcountries,reducingtradebarriersinothersectorsalsoworks:AfricanGrowthandOpportunityAct,whichcutsdutiesonexportsofeverythingfromhandicraftstoshoes,hasprovedaboontoAfrica’smanufacturers.Thelesson:theThirdWorldcanprosperiftherichworldgivesitafairgo.

ThisiswhatmakesBush’sdecisiontoincreasefarmsubsidieslastmonthallthemoredepressing.Poorcountrieshavelongsuspectedthattherichworldurgestradeliberalizationonlysoitcanwangleitswayintonewmarkets.SuchsuspicionscausedtheSeattletradetalkstobreakdownthreeyearsago.ButlastNovembermembersoftheWorldTradeOrganization,meetinginDoha.Qatar,finallyagreedtoanewroundoftalksdesignedtoopenupglobaltradeinagricultureandtextiles.Richcountriesassuredpoorcountriesthattheirconcernswerefinallybeingaddressed.Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.

1.Bycomparison,farmers（

）receivemoregovernmentsubsidiesthanother.

2.Inadditiontotheeconomicconsiderations,thereisa（

）motivebehindBush’ssigningofthenewbill.

3.Themessagethewriterattemptstoconveythroughoutthepassageisthat（

）.

4.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsnewfarmsubsidiesintheU.S.is（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthedevelopingworld

B.inJapan

C.inEurope

D.inAmerica

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.partisan

B.social

C.financial

D.cultural

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.poorcountriesshouldbegivenequalopportunitiesintrade

B.“theleastdevelopedcountry”statusbenefitsagriculturalcountries

C.poorcountriesshouldremovetheirsuspicionsabouttradeliberalization

D.farmersinpoorcountriesshouldalsoreceivethebenefitofsubsidies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.ambiguous

C.critical

D.reserved.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句“LastmonthU.S.PresidentBushsignedanewfarmbillthatgivesAmericanfarmers$190billionoverthenext10years,or$83billionmorethantheyhadbeenscheduledtoget,andpushesU.S.agriculturalsupportclosetocrazyEuropeanlevels.上個(gè)月，美國總統(tǒng)布什簽署了一項(xiàng)新的農(nóng)業(yè)法案，將在未來10年向美國農(nóng)民提供1900億美元的資金，比原計(jì)劃多出830億美元，并將美國的農(nóng)業(yè)援助提高到接近歐洲的瘋狂水平。”由此可知，歐洲農(nóng)民得到的政府補(bǔ)貼比其他國家都多，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ItisalsodesignedtohelptheRepublicanPartywincontroloftheSenateinNovember’smid-termelections.該法案還旨在幫助共和黨在11月中旬的選舉中贏得參議院的控制權(quán)。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“黨派的”正確。

3.作者意圖題。本題可采用排除法。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“It’snotasifthedevelopingworldwantsanyfavors,saysGeraldSsendwula,Uganda'sMinisterofFinance.‘Whatwewantisfortherichcountriestoletuscompete.’烏干達(dá)財(cái)政部長GeraldSsendwula說，發(fā)展中國家并不需要任何幫助?！覀兿Ｍ辉易屛覀儏⑴c競爭?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)A“應(yīng)該給貧窮國家平等的貿(mào)易機(jī)會”符合原文；根據(jù)第三段第四句“但這一切可能在2008年發(fā)生改變，屆時(shí)肯尼亞將略微富裕到?jīng)]有資格獲得“最不發(fā)達(dá)國家”的地位，而“最不發(fā)達(dá)國家”的地位允許非洲生產(chǎn)商對某些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品免征高額的歐洲進(jìn)口稅。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)B“‘最不發(fā)達(dá)國家’的地位有利于農(nóng)業(yè)國家”不符合原文；根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.布什上個(gè)月的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼使得美國對這些會談的承諾以及布什個(gè)人對自由貿(mào)易的熱愛成為一個(gè)謊言?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)C“窮國應(yīng)該消除對貿(mào)易自由化的懷疑”不正確；根據(jù)第二段“1999年，聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會議的結(jié)論是，發(fā)展中國家每獲得1美元的援助，就會損失多達(dá)14美元，原因僅僅是對其制成品出口設(shè)置了貿(mào)易壁壘。”由此可知，貧窮國家的農(nóng)民并沒有得到補(bǔ)貼的好處，所以選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。只有選項(xiàng)A表述是正確。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.布什上個(gè)月的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼使得美國對這些會談的承諾以及布什個(gè)人對自由貿(mào)易的熱愛成為一個(gè)謊言?！庇纱丝芍髡叩膽B(tài)度是批判的。選項(xiàng)C正確。

19.單選題

Shefelloffherhorseandbadly（

）herself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wounded

B.damaged

C.injured

D.harmed

【答案】C

【解析】同義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)wound“受傷”；B選項(xiàng)damage“損害”；C選項(xiàng)injure“傷害”；D選項(xiàng)harm“危害”。句意：她從馬上摔下來，受了重傷。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有受傷的意思，但wound側(cè)重于在戰(zhàn)爭中受傷；damage通常指對無生命物體造成的損害；injure側(cè)重于意外事故導(dǎo)致的傷害；harm側(cè)重于導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果。所以選項(xiàng)C更符合語境。

20.單選題

Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa（

）thathehadn'tseenbefore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.species

B.specimen

C.spectrum

D.sample

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)species“物種”；B選項(xiàng)specimen“樣品，標(biāo)本”；C選項(xiàng)spectrum“光譜”；D選項(xiàng)sample“樣本”。句意：游客說這種動物是他以前從未見過的物種。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

21.單選題

Themostsuccessfulwaytosolvethelanguageproblemwhileaforeignplayisbeingperformedis（

）translation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.spontaneous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)homogeneous“均勻的，同質(zhì)的”；B選項(xiàng)simultaneous“同時(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的”；D選項(xiàng)spontaneous“自發(fā)的，無意識的”。句意：解決外交活動中的語言問題最成功的方法是同聲傳譯。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

22.翻譯題

PutthefollowingintoChinese.

Wheretheparadigmofwarapplies,theexecutivedominatesindecidingwholivesordies.JusticeO'ConnornonethelessclaimedinHamdi(案件名稱)thatthewaronterrordoesnotgivetheexecutiveablankcheck(自由處理權(quán))todoasitpleasesinthenameofsecurity.Ifoneacceptsthispremise,thenthequestionbecomeshowtocontroltheexecutive’swarpowerwithoutundulyhamperingit.UnderaMathews-styleapproach,todeterminewhetherdueprocessdemandsaparticularproceduralcontrolovertargetedkilling(ARA),oneshould:(a)identifytherangeoflegitimateintereststhattheproceduremightprotect;(b)assessthedegreetowhichadoptionoftheprocedureactuallywouldprotecttheseinterests;and(c)weighthesemarginalbenefitsagainstthedamagetheproceduremaycausetootherlegitimateinterests.

Judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldincreasetheaccuracyoftargetselection,reducingthedangerofmistakenorillegaldestructionoflives,limbs,andproperty.Independentjudgeswhodouble-checktargetingdecisionscouldcatcherrorsandcauseexecutiveofficialstoavoidmakingtheminthefirstplace.

Morebroadly,judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldservetheinterestsofallpeople—

targetsandnon-targets—inblockingtheexecutivefromexercisinganunaccountable,secretpowertokill.Ifpossible,weshouldavoidaworldinwhichtheCIAorotherexecutiveofficialshaveunbelievablepowertodecidewhogetstoliveandwhodiesinthenameofashadowwarthatmightneverend.Everyonehasacognizableinterestinstoppingaslideintotyranny.

【答案】在戰(zhàn)爭模式適用的情況下，行政機(jī)構(gòu)主導(dǎo)決定誰生誰死。盡管如此，奧康納法官在哈姆迪案件中聲稱，反恐戰(zhàn)爭并沒有給行政機(jī)構(gòu)自由處理權(quán)，讓他們以安全的名義隨心所欲地行事。如果人們接受這一前提，那么問題就變成了如何在不過度阻礙行政權(quán)力的前提下控制其戰(zhàn)爭權(quán)力。根據(jù)馬修斯風(fēng)格的方法，要確定正當(dāng)程序是否需要對有目標(biāo)的殺戮(ARA)進(jìn)行特定的程序控制，應(yīng)該:(a)確定程序可能保護(hù)的合法利益范圍;(b)評估采用這一程序?qū)嶋H能在多大程度上保護(hù)這些利益;(c)權(quán)衡這些邊際利益與程序可能造成的其他合法利益的損害。

對有針對性殺戮的司法控制可以提高目標(biāo)選擇的準(zhǔn)確性，減少錯(cuò)誤或非法毀壞生命、肢體和財(cái)產(chǎn)的危險(xiǎn)。反復(fù)檢查目標(biāo)決策的獨(dú)立法官可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，并導(dǎo)致行政官員一開始就避免制造這些錯(cuò)誤。

從更廣泛的意義上講，對有針對性殺戮的司法控制可以服務(wù)于所有人的利益，不管是目標(biāo)人群和還是非目標(biāo)人群，它可以阻止行政部門行使不負(fù)責(zé)任的秘密權(quán)力來進(jìn)行殺戮。如果可能的話，我們應(yīng)該避免這樣一個(gè)世界：中央情報(bào)局或其他行政官員擁有令人難以置信的權(quán)力，以可能永遠(yuǎn)不會結(jié)束的影子戰(zhàn)爭的名義來決定誰生誰死。每個(gè)人對于反對暴政都有明顯的興趣。

23.單選題

Alargebuildingmayhaveaheating（

）bywhichalltheroomaresteam-heated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliance

B.apparatus

C.furniture

D.equipment

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)appliance“器械，裝置”，側(cè)重指家用機(jī)器或設(shè)備，尤指家用電器；B選項(xiàng)apparatus“設(shè)備，儀器”，一般指復(fù)雜的儀器設(shè)備；C選項(xiàng)furniture“家具”；D選項(xiàng)equipment“設(shè)備，器材”，多指成套的或重型的設(shè)備或裝備。句意：大建筑物可能會有暖氣設(shè)備，所有的房間都是通過蒸汽加熱。選項(xiàng)B更符合語境。

24.單選題

ThefoundingofnewChina（

）people’sdesireforindependence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.declared

B.implied

C.manifested

D.announced

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)declare“宣布，聲明”；B選項(xiàng)imply“意味，暗示”；C選項(xiàng)manifest“表明，顯示”；D選項(xiàng)announce“宣布”。句意：新中國的成立表明了人民對獨(dú)立的渴望。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

25.單選題

His（

）wordsreachedtheeffecthewantedandpeoplegavemoneytohelphim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elegant

B.eloquent

C.evil

D.excessive

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)elegant“優(yōu)雅的”；B選項(xiàng)eloquent“有口才的，有說服力的”；C選項(xiàng)evil“邪惡的”；D選項(xiàng)excessive“極度的，過分的”。句意：他的能言善辯達(dá)到了他想要的效果，人們紛紛捐錢來幫助他。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

26.單選題

Ifyouwanttoseethefutureofbroadbandcommunications,looktothestars.Theheavenscouldsoonbefilledwithmorethan400satellitesprovidinginternetuserswithlowcost,direct-to-the-homeconnectionsthatarehundredsoftimesfasterthantoday'sdial-upmodems.Withunobstructedviewsofvirtuallytheentireworld,satellitesarepoisedtodeliverinteractivebroadbandservicesinwaysevenadvancedground-basednetworkswillbehard-pressedtomatch.

Thenewbreedofsatelliteswillactaspowerfulsignalrepeatersinthesky,receivingandresendingradiotransmissionsfromground-basedantennas.Costingfarlessperunitcapacitythanmostsatellitesnowinservice,theywillemploynewdigitaltechnologiesthatwillimprovethecapacity,reliabilityandsecurityofdatacommunications.Moreover,becausethesystemswilloperateatextremelyhighradiofrequencies,theywillusenarrowradiobeamscapableofcommunicatingwithultrasmallantennasthatcanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.

Twotypesofsatellitesystemshavebeenproposed.Geostationarysatelliteswillorbit36,000kilometers22,000milesabovetheequatoratthesamespeedastheearth'srotationandthusappearfromthegroundtobestationary.Theywillcommunicatewithfixedorientationdishantennasattachedtocustomers’homesanduseadvancedsignalprocessingtocompensatefortransmissiondelayscausedbythegreatdistancestheirradiosignalsmusttravel.Low—earthorbit(LEO)satellites,incontrast,willcircletheglobeonceeverytwohoursataltitudesunder1,500kilometers,reducingthetimeneededtobeamsignalstoandfromtheearth'ssurface.Buttheywillrequiresophisticatedsubscriberantennasabletotrackandcommunicatewiththefast---movingLEOsatellites.

Bothtypesofsatelliteswillavoidmanyofthecomplicationsthatplagueground-basednetworks.Specificadvantagesincludethefollowing.

Thedirtylittlesecretofbroadbandisthatthetechnicallimitationsofgroundbasednetworkswillseverelyrestrictavailability.Digitalsubscriberline(DSL)signalsdecayonlongtelephonelinesoronthoseofpoorquality.Localmultipointdistributionservice(LMDS)signalscannotpenetrateleafytrees,buildingsorotherobstructions.Cableperformancedeterioratesiftoomanyhouseholdsinaneighborhoodlogonatthesametime.Fiber-to-the-homeissocostlyasaretrofitthatisusuallyconsideredeconomicallyviableonlyfornewhousingconstruction.ForuptoonethirdofthepopulationintheU.S.andanevengreaterportionworldwide,satellitetechnologywillnotsimplybeachoice,itwillbethechoice.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.AllofthefollowingismentionedasthenewtypeofsatellitesisdescribedEXCEPT（

）.

3.Whydoesageostationarysatelliteappeartobeimmobile?

4.Whatadvantagedoesthelastparagraphintendtofocuson?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.SatelliteswillmaketheaccesstotheInternetcheaperandmoreconvenient.

B.Satellitescostlessthantoday’sdial-upmodems.

C.Satelliteswillbesuperiortoground-basednetworkstodeliverinteractivebroad-bandservices.

D.Ground-basedantennascansendradiotransmissions.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.narrowradiobeamswillbeused

B.newdigitaltechnologieswillbetaken

C.thesystemsofthemwillworkatextremelyhighradiofrequencies.

D.theirsignalscanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitisfixedallthetime.

B.Becauseitsorbitspeedisthesameastheearth’srotation.

C.Becauseitspositionisabovetheequator.

D.Becauseitcancommunicatewithfixed-orientationdishantennas.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.SatellitescanimprovetheavailabilityoftheInternet.

B.TotransmittheDSLsignalswithoutdelay.

C.Theirsignalscanpenetrateobstructions.

D.Lowcost

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“providinginternetuserswithlowcost”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第一段最后一句“...satellitesarepoisedtodeliverinteractivebroadbandservicesinwaysevenadvancedground-basednetworkswillbehard-pressedtomatch.衛(wèi)星靜止不動的以先進(jìn)的地面網(wǎng)絡(luò)也難以匹敵的方式提供交互式寬帶服務(wù)?！边x項(xiàng)C符合原文。根據(jù)第二段第一句“receivingandresendingradiotransmissionsfromground-basedantennas.接收和重新發(fā)送來自地面天線的無線電傳輸?！边x項(xiàng)D符合原文。只有選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有提及，所以不正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“theywillemploynewdigitaltechnologies.”可知選項(xiàng)B正確；以及最后一句“thesystemswilloperateatextremelyhighradiofrequencies,theywillusenarrowradiobeamscapableofcommunicatingwithultrasmallantennasthatcanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.該系統(tǒng)將在極高的無線電頻率下運(yùn)行，它們將使用能夠與超小型天線通信的窄無線電波束，這種天線可以很容易地安裝在大多數(shù)家庭中?！边x項(xiàng)A和C符合原文；選項(xiàng)D中的“signals”與原文中的“antennas”不符，所以不正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“geostationarysatellite”定位到第三段第二句“Geostationarysatelliteswillorbit36,000kilometers22,000milesabovetheequatoratthesamespeedastheearth'srotationandthusappearfromthegroundtobestationary.地球同步衛(wèi)星將以與地球自轉(zhuǎn)相同的速度繞赤道上空36000公里、22000英里的軌道運(yùn)行，因此從地面上看是靜止的?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的首句“Thedirtylittlesecretofbroadbandisthatthetechnicallimitationsofgroundbasednetworkswillseverelyrestrictavailability.寬帶的一個(gè)不為人知的小秘密是地面網(wǎng)絡(luò)的技術(shù)限制將嚴(yán)重限制其實(shí)效性?！苯酉率沁M(jìn)行具體的舉例說明，最后提及：衛(wèi)星技術(shù)將不僅僅是被選擇，而是必須選擇。所以由此推斷，最后一段的重點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)衛(wèi)星可以提高互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可用性。選項(xiàng)A正確。

27.單選題

Herspeechwas（

）andcausedalotofangrycomment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.prone

C.provocative

D.promising

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)prospective“未來的，預(yù)期的”；B選項(xiàng)prone“有…傾向的”；C選項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的，挑撥的，氣人的”；D選項(xiàng)promising“有希望的”。句意：她的演講很氣人，引起了許多憤怒的評論。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

28.單選題

Bysigningtheleasewemadea（

）topayarentof$200aweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conception

B.commission

C.commitment

D.confinement

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)conception“概念，設(shè)想”；B選項(xiàng)commission“委員會；傭金”；C選項(xiàng)commitment“承諾，保證”；D選項(xiàng)confinement“限制，監(jiān)禁”。句意：通過簽訂租約，我們承諾每周支付200美元的租金。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

29.單選題

Asnowfallconsistsofmyriadsofminuteicecrystalsthatfalltothegroundintheformoffrozenprecipitation.Theformationofsnowbeginswiththeseicecrystalsinthesubfreezingstrataofthemiddleandupperatmospherewhenthereisanadequatesupplyofmoisturepresent.Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus,asolidparticleofmatteraroundwhichmoisturecondensesandfreezes.Liquidwaterdropletsfloatingintheupperatmosphereandfreeicecrystalscannotcoexistwithinthesamecloud,sincethevaporpressureoficeislessthanthatofwater.Thisenablestheicecrystalstorobtheliquiddropletsoftheirmoistureandgrowcontinuously.Theprocesscanbeveryrapid,quicklycreatingsizableiceCrystals,someofwhichadheretoeachothertocreateaclusteroficecrystalsorasnowflake.Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.Typically,snowflakesinactualsnowfallsconsistofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.ThePacificOceanisthesourceofmoistureformostsnowfallswestoftheRockyMountains,whiletheGulfofMexicoandtheAtlanticOceanfeedwatervaporintotheaircurrentsoverthecentralandeasternsectionsoftheUnitedStates.Othergeographicalfeaturesalsocanbethesourceofmoistureforsomesnowstorms.Forexample,areasadjacenttotheGreatLakesexperiencetheirownaddition,mountainoussectionsorrisingterraincaninitiatesnowfallsbythegeographicalliftingofamoistairstream.

1.Whatisatthecenterofanicecrystal?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Ifasnowfallcontinuessometimesinceitbegins,wecanconcludethat（

）.

4.Howdolake-effectsnowstormsform?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asmallsnowflake.

B.Anucleus.

C.Adropofwater.

D.Ahexagon.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Aminusculenucleusisakindofsolidparticleofmatter.

B.Thefreeicecrystalscangrowcontinuously.

C.Inactualsnowfalls,weusuallyfindthatsimpleflakespossesssymmetricalshapes.

D.Forasnowstorm,theremustbeanadequatesourceofmoisture.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereisplentyofmoisture.

B.theremustbeasourceofwaternearbyandthetemperaturewillfall.

C.thesnowflakeconsistsofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

D.thereareairstreams’motionsfromoverwatersurfacetohigherregions.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Watertemperaturesdropbelowfreezing.

B.Moisturerisesfromalakeintoairstreams.

C.Largequantitiesofwetaircome-offanearbymountain.

D.Millionsoficecrystalsformonthesurfaceofalargelake

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus...每個(gè)冰晶的核心都有一個(gè)極小的核....”選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.簡單的雪花有各種美麗的形狀，通常是六角形的，盡管雪花在大多數(shù)顯微鏡圖像下再生的形狀是對稱的，但通常在實(shí)際的降雪過程中卻不是這樣的?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)C表述不正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段一二句“Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.如果降雪持續(xù)不斷，必須有源源不斷的水分供應(yīng)核。這種水分是由氣流通過水面并隨后上升到大氣的較高區(qū)域提供的。”選項(xiàng)D符合原文。選項(xiàng)A中“plenty”不準(zhǔn)確，應(yīng)該是“constant”；選項(xiàng)B中的溫度在文中沒有涉及；選項(xiàng)C與題干無關(guān)；只有選項(xiàng)D正確，所以本題選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)上一題的分析“如果降雪持續(xù)不斷，必須有源源不斷的水分供應(yīng)核。這種水分是由氣流通過水面并隨后上升到大氣的較高區(qū)域提供的。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。

30.單選題

Manysoldiershavetoremindthemselveswhentheyreturnhomenottouse（

）languageofthebarracks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vulgar

B.gross

C.rough

D.coarse

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)vulgar“通俗的”；B選項(xiàng)gross“惡劣的”；C選項(xiàng)rough“粗糙的”；D選項(xiàng)coarse“粗俗的，下等的”。句意：許多士兵回家后不得不提醒自己不要在軍營里說粗話?選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

31.單選題

Theywereaccusedof（

）tooverthrowthegovernmentandweresentencedtojail.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intrigue

B.conspiracy

C.plot

D.sin

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)intrigue“陰謀，私通”；B選項(xiàng)conspiracy“陰謀，共謀”；C選項(xiàng)plot“情節(jié)”；D選項(xiàng)sin“罪惡”。句意：他們被指控共謀推翻政府，并被判入獄。conspiracy側(cè)重于政治方面的陰謀，所以選項(xiàng)B更符合語境。

32.單選題

Over350millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheir（

）language.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.native

B.mother

C.female

D.national

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。nativelanguage意為“本地語言”；motherlanguage意為“母語”，符合句意。C選項(xiàng)female“女性的”；D選項(xiàng)national“國家的”均不符合句意。

33.單選題

Ifyourevealyourfriend’ssecrets,youwill（

）him.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lure

B.disturb

C.alienate

D.control

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)lure“誘惑”；B選項(xiàng)disturb“打擾，妨礙”；C選項(xiàng)alienate“使疏遠(yuǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)control“控制”。句意：如果你揭露朋友的秘密，你將會和他疏遠(yuǎn)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

34.翻譯題

PutthefollowingChineseintoEnglish.

網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶、網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵害他人民事權(quán)益或者利益的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)侵權(quán)責(zé)任。

公法調(diào)整和規(guī)范自然人、法人和國家之間的關(guān)系,它包括行政法規(guī)、刑法以及其他涉及公共秩序的法律。

合同是當(dāng)事人之間設(shè)立、變更、終民事關(guān)系的協(xié)議；依法成立的合同，受法律保護(hù)。

物權(quán)的取得和行使，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律，尊重社會公德，不得損害公共利益和他人合法權(quán)益。

人民法院審理案件，對于侵犯著作權(quán)或者與著作權(quán)有關(guān)的權(quán)利的，可以沒收違法所得、侵權(quán)復(fù)制品以及進(jìn)行違法活動的財(cái)