2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)52

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Hewrotedowntheaddress______heshouldforgetit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incasenot

B.lest

C.inorderthat

D.offearthat

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：他寫下了地址，以免忘記。橫線到句尾部分是原因狀語從句。A選項(xiàng)incase“以免”，不加not；B選項(xiàng)lest“以免”；C選項(xiàng)inorderthat“以便”；D選項(xiàng)fear“擔(dān)心”，offearthat不合語法。寫下地址是為了防止忘記和語法正確性，B選項(xiàng)lest“以免”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Ifyoucanconvincetheinterviewerofyourspecialqualifications,yourchanceofbeingacceptedwillbegreatlyenhanced.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appreciated

B.encouraged

C.frustrated

D.increased

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appreciated“欣賞”；B選項(xiàng)encouraged“鼓勵(lì)”；C選項(xiàng)frustrated“挫敗”；D選項(xiàng)increased“增強(qiáng)，提高”。句意：如果你能讓面試官相信你有所專長，那么你被錄用的機(jī)會(huì)就會(huì)大大增加。根據(jù)語境，D選項(xiàng)increased“增強(qiáng)，提高”搭配chance比較合理，并且和enhanced“增強(qiáng)”同義，符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Packedlikesardinesintosweaty,claustrophobicsubwaycarriages,passengerscanbarelybreathe,______moveaboutfreely.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aswellas

B.disregardfor

C.letalone

D.notmentioning

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)aswellas“也；不但……而且”；B選項(xiàng)disregardfor“漠視”；C選項(xiàng)letalone“更不用說；不打擾”；D選項(xiàng)notmentioning“沒有提到”。句意：乘客像沙丁魚一樣擠在汗流浹背、幽閉恐怖的地鐵車廂里，幾乎無法呼吸，______自由走動(dòng)。根據(jù)語境，這里是指車廂里面很擠，呼吸都困難，自由走動(dòng)就更困難了，所以letalone“更不用說”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

_______sleepiscrucialtothehealthofadults,newresearchsuggeststhatlackofsleepmayaffectteens’health,too.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Justas

B.Aslongas

C.Despitethat

D.Nomatterhow

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)Justas“正像”；B選項(xiàng)Aslongas“只要”；C選項(xiàng)Despitethat“盡管”；D選項(xiàng)Nomatterhow“不管怎樣”。句意：_______睡眠對(duì)成年人的健康至關(guān)重要，新的研究表明，睡眠不足也可能影響青少年的健康。根據(jù)too可知睡眠不足會(huì)同時(shí)影響青少年和成年人，所以Justas“正像”讓句子通順，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

41.人類社會(huì)中的戰(zhàn)爭大體源于兩方面的缺乏。第一是資源的缺乏：爭奪對(duì)國家安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展至關(guān)重要的稀缺戰(zhàn)略資源往往是一國發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭的重要?jiǎng)右颉５诙切湃蔚娜狈Γ哼@種缺乏常常導(dǎo)致國家在宗教、文化、意識(shí)形態(tài)等方面的持續(xù)對(duì)抗，并由此引發(fā)軍事沖突。

42.一方面，投資的滯后牽制了經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長，而另一方面，持續(xù)的消費(fèi)熱在一定程度上緩解了經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰退。

43.大學(xué)里學(xué)到的知識(shí)還相當(dāng)粗淺，研究生階段才開始研究學(xué)問，但在這個(gè)時(shí)期也只能算是初涉學(xué)術(shù)，更加注重的應(yīng)是領(lǐng)悟研究的方法。

【答案】41.Warsinhumansocietyariselargelyfromtwodeficiencies.Thefirstisthelackofresources:thescrambleforscarcestrategicresources,whicharevitaltonationalsecurityandeconomicdevelopment,isoftenanimportantmotivationforacountrytolaunchawar.Thesecondisalackoftrust:thislackhasoftenledtoongoingrivalriesbetweencountriesoverreligion,culture,ideology,etc.,whichleadstomilitaryconflicts.

42.Ontheonehand,thelagofinvestmenthasheldbackeconomicgrowth,whileontheother,thesustainedconsumptionboomhasalleviatedtheeconomicrecessiontoacertainextent.

43.Whatyouareimpartedduringuniversityissomethingquitesuperficial,andtheresearchinstitutesofuniversitiesarejusttheplaceswhereknowledgeisprimarilystudied.Buteventhereyougetonlythefirsttasteoflearningwhereemphasisisonresearchmethodologyandpractice.

6.翻譯題

Thepricewepayforthissalutarychangeis,nodoubt,great.Weassemblethousandsofoperativeinthefactory,andinthemine,ofwhomtheemployercanknowlittleornothing,andtowhomheislittlebetterthanamyth.Allintercoursebetweenisatanend.Rigidcastesareformed,and,asusual,mutualignorancebreedsmutualdistrust.Eachcasteiswithoutsympathywiththeother,andreadytocreditanythingdisparaginginregardtoit.36.Underthelawofcompetition,theemployerofthousandsisforcedintothestrictesteconomies,amongwhichtheratespaidtolaborfigureprominently,andoftenthereisfrictionbetweentheemployerandtheemployed,betweencapitalandlabor,betweenrichandpoor.Humansocietyloseshomogeneity.

37.Thepricewhichsocietypaysforthelawofcompetition,likethepriceitpaysforcheapcomfortsandluxuries,isalsogreat,buttheadvantagesofthislawaregreaterstillthanitscost,foritistothislawthatweoweourwonderfulmaterialdevelopment,whichbringsimprovedconditionsinitstrain.Butwhetherthelawbebenignornot,wemustsayofit,aswesayofthechangeintheconditionsofmentowhichwehavereferred.

Itishere;wecannotevadeit;oftheeffectofanynewsubstitutesforitproposedwecannotbesure;38.Andwhilethelawmaybesometimeshardfortheindividual,itisbestfortherace,becauseitinsuresthesurvivalofthefittestineverydepartment.39.Weacceptandwelcome,therefore,asconditionstowhichwemustaccommodateourselves,greatinequalityofenvironment,theconcentrationofbusiness,industrialandcommercial,inthehandsofafew;andthelawofcompetitionbetweenthese,asbeingnotonlybeneficial,butessentialtothefutureprogressoftherace.Havingacceptedthese,itfollowsthattheremustbegreatscopefortheexpertiseofspecialabilityinthemerchantandinthemanufacturer,whohastoconductaffairsupongreatscale.40.Thatthistalentfororganizationandmanagementisrareamongmenisprovedbythefactthatitinvariablysecuresenormousregardsforitspossessors,nomatterwhereorunderwhatlawsorconditions.

【答案】36．在競爭法則下，成千上萬的雇主不得不實(shí)行一些最嚴(yán)厲的措施。在這些節(jié)約措施中，付給工人的工資首當(dāng)其沖。這樣，雇主和雇員之間，勞資雙方之間以及富人和窮人之間就常有摩擦。

37．在社會(huì)中人類為了競爭所付出的代價(jià)，就和為了不需要花錢就能得到的舒適和奢侈品一樣代價(jià)高昂；但是競爭法則帶來的好處高于付出的代價(jià)，因?yàn)檎沁@種競爭法則，經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展，生活水平得到提高。

38．雖然這一法則對(duì)個(gè)體來說可能很難，但是它適用于人類，因?yàn)樗ＷC了人類在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都能適應(yīng)并生存。

39．因此，我們接受并歡迎我們必須適應(yīng)的條件，也就是工業(yè)和商業(yè)掌握在少數(shù)人手中的巨大不平等；而他們之間的競爭法則不僅是良性的，而且對(duì)種族的未來發(fā)展必不可少。

40．無論在什么地方，在什么法則或條件下，具有組織管理才能的人都不可避免地得到巨大的尊榮，這一事實(shí)證明了只有少數(shù)人有這種能力。

7.單選題

Theprofessionfellinto_______,withsomephysicistsstickingtoexistingtheories,whileotherscameupwiththebig-bangtheory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmony

B.turmoil

C.distortion

D.accord

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)harmony“融洽；和諧；和聲”；B選項(xiàng)turmoil“混亂，騷亂”；C選項(xiàng)distortion“曲解；變形，失真”；D選項(xiàng)accord“協(xié)議”。句意：這個(gè)行業(yè)進(jìn)入_______，一些物理學(xué)家堅(jiān)持現(xiàn)有的理論，而另一些人提出了大爆炸理論。根據(jù)語境，大家的觀點(diǎn)不一致，turmoil“混亂，騷亂”比較能夠形容這個(gè)情況，符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Hecameallthewaytohelpher______thatshehaddrownedherselfinawell.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlytofind

B.tofind

C.inordertofind

D.soastofind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他一路趕來幫助她，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她投井自盡了。A選項(xiàng)onlytofind“結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)tofind“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)inordertofind“為了發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)soastofind“以便發(fā)現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)語境，A選項(xiàng)onlytofind“結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Whatmakesagreatcommunicator?Awillingnesstosharethatdrivingsenseofmissionandaburningfaiththatotherswillembrace,too.

Asanentrepreneur,youhaveanextraordinarystorytotell.Butwhetheryou’repitchingorpromotingaservice,product,company,orcause,howyoucraftanddeliveryourmessagecouldmeanthedifferencebetweenmakingthesaleorbeingshownthedoor.Somepeoplearesimplybetterthanothersatarticulatingtheirmessage.

Raisingthebar

Myworktakesmeacrossthecountryandexposesmetospokespeopleinavarietyofindustries.Butthegoalsarealwaysthesame:Toarticulateamessagethatmeetsthedemandsofcontemporaryaudiences,whowanttheirspeakerstobepassionate,inspiring,brief,captivating,andclear.

AsthemajorityofusareaccustomedtoPowerPointshows,24-hourcablenews,andMTV-stylevideos,ourperceptionofgreatcorporatespeakershaschanged.Thegreatspokespeopleofourtimehaveraisedthebaronwhatitmeanstobeabusinesscommunicator—andyou’rebeingcomparedtothem.

WhenCNBCinterviewsAppleCEOSteveJobs,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.WhenC-SPANbringsBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairintoourlivingroomseveryweek,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.WhenCiscoCEOJohnChambersdeliversadazzlingPowerPointshow,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.They’vemastered10techniquesthatsetthemapart—techniquesthatIuncoveredwhileresearchingmynewbook,“10SimpleSecretsoftheWorld’sGreatestBusinessCommunicators.”

Pitchingwithoomph

Butenoughtalkabout“thesecrets”.Let’sgetstarted.Extraordinaryentrepreneursandbusinessprofessionalcredittheircommunicationskillsformuchoftheirsuccess,andeachisfueledbypassionatecommitmenttotheirservice,product,company,orcause.Passionseparatestheworld’stoppitchmenfromthevastmajorityofmediocrepresenters.Withoutpassion,youwillfailtomotivate,inspire,andelectrifyyouraudiences.

StarbucksChairmanHowardSchultzdidn’tbuildoneofthemostadmiredbrandsintheworldbecauseheblendstherightmixofespresso,steamedmilk,andfoam.WhileinterviewingSchultzfor“10SimpleSecrets”,Iquicklyrealizedhedoesn’tleavehispassionattheoffice.Whilemanyofuslikecoffeeevenloveit,Schultzispassionateaboutit.Reallypassionate.

Duringanow-famoustriptoItaly,onapiazzainMilan,Schultz’slifewasforeverchanged.TheItalianswerepassionateabouttheircoffee,heexcitedlytoldhiswife.SchultzbroughtthatpassionbacktoAmericaandtransformedasmallSeattlecoffee-beanstoreintoanAmericaninstitution.HiszealconvincedinvestorstobuyintohisconceptofbringingItalian-stylecafestoAmerica—andwithoutit,weneverwouldhavebeenintroducedtomochafrappuccinos!

Emotionalrapport

Atthispoint,someofyoumightbesaying,“Mypassionistogetrich.”Fine.ButI’murgingyoutodigdeeper.Yousee,I’vepersonallymetandinterviewedseveralentrepreneurswhohavejoinedthebillionairesclub.I’vewatchedthemaddressstaff,customers,andinvestors.Notoncedidtheyeverdiscusshowmuchjoytheygetoutofbeingwealthy.Instead,theybuildanemotionalrapportwiththeirlistenersbysharingtheirconnectiontothetopic—theirpassion—throughpersonalstories,anecdotes,andexamples.

Nowaskyourself,“What’smyconnectiontomymessage?”Ifyou’reafinancialplanner,isittohelpyourcustomersavoidthepainfuldebtyousawyourparentsfallinto?ItisforSuzeOrman,whotappedintothatpassiontofuelhersuccessasanauthorandtelevisionhost.Ofyousellnetworkinghardware,isyourpassionfueledbythedesiretochangethewaytheworldlives,works,plays,andlearns?ItisforCiscoSystemsCEOJohnChambers,whosepassionatevisionofthefuturehasearnedhimaspotasoneofthemostadmiredchiefexecutivesincorporateAmerica.

Ifyoumanageacoffeeshoporrestaurant,isyourpassiontocreateawelcoming“thirdplace”betweenhomeandworkforyourcustomerstoenjoy?ItisforHowardSchultz,whosepassionhasliterallychangedthedailyhabitsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Sowhetheryou’readdressingandaudienceof1or1,000,revealyourpassionbyidentifyingandsharingyourpersonalconnectiontoyourcompanymessage.Itwillsetyouapartasaspeaker.

26.What’stherelationshipbetweenthelasttwoparagraphs?

27.Thepassageindicatesthatitisimportantto________inbusinesscommunication.

28.ThispassageismeanttotargetthefollowinggroupsofreadersEXCEPT________.

29.Whatdoesthe“thirdplace”inthelastparagraphreferto?

30.Bysaying“Raisingthebar”(Paragraph3),theauthormeans________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theybothsupportthesametopicsentence.

B.Theypresentopposingideasrespectively.

C.Thelatteristheillustrationoftheformer.

D.Thelatteristhelogicalresultoftheformer.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.establishpersonalfriendship

B.showpassioninconveyingmessage

C.employhighcommunicativeskills

D.meetlisteners’emotionaldemands

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.entrepreneurs

B.salespersons

C.publicspeakers

D.shopowners

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Aplacetoenjoy.

B.Ashoptoshareyourpersonalinformation.

C.Acoffeeshoporrestaurant.

D.Aprivateplacetorevealyourpassion.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ahigherstandardforbusinesscommunicators

B.abetterarticulationofmessagesincommunication

C.thatbusinesscommunicatorsshouldmaster10techniques

D.thatbusinesscommunicatorsarebeingcomparedtofigureslikespokespeople

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第十段第一句Nowaskyourself,“What’smyconnectiontomymessage?”（現(xiàn)在問問你自己，“我和我表達(dá)的信息有什么聯(lián)系？”）和最后一段revealyourpassionbyidentifyingandsharingyourpersonalconnectiontoyourcompanymessage（通過識(shí)別并分享你與公司信息的個(gè)人聯(lián)系來展現(xiàn)你的熱情），可知這兩段都在講通過表達(dá)自己與自己表達(dá)的信息聯(lián)系來加強(qiáng)情感聯(lián)系，所以A選項(xiàng)“支持同一個(gè)主題句”正確。B選項(xiàng)“分別提出相反的觀點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“后者是前者的例證”和D選項(xiàng)“后者是前者的結(jié)果”不符合題意，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段第三句Extraordinaryentrepreneursandbusinessprofessionalcredittheircommunicationskillsformuchoftheirsuccess,andeachisfueledbypassionatecommitmenttotheirservice,product,company,orcause.（卓越的企業(yè)家和商業(yè)專業(yè)人士將他們的成功歸功于他們的溝通技巧，每個(gè)人都對(duì)自己的服務(wù)、產(chǎn)品、公司或事業(yè)充滿熱情。），可知激情在商務(wù)交流上最重要，所以B選項(xiàng)“在傳達(dá)信息時(shí)表現(xiàn)出熱情”正確。A選項(xiàng)“建立私交”：根據(jù)第九段someofyoumightbesaying,“Mypassionistogetrich…Notoncedidtheyeverdiscusshowmuchjoytheygetoutofbeingwealthy.Instead,theybuildanemotionalrapportwiththeirlistenersbysharingtheirconnectiontothetopic—theirpassion—throughpersonalstories,anecdotes,andexamples.（你們中的一些人可能會(huì)說，“我的激情是致富……他們從來沒有討論過他們從富有中得到了多少快樂。相反，他們通過分享自己的故事、軼事和例子，與聽眾建立起一種情感上的融洽），這里表達(dá)的是激情不是來自于對(duì)致富的渴望，而不是說在商務(wù)交流中建立交情很重要，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用高度的溝通技巧”和D選項(xiàng)“滿足聽眾的情感需求”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Butwhetheryou’repitchingorpromotingaservice,product,company,orcause,howyoucraftanddeliveryourmessagecouldmeanthedifferencebetweenmakingthesaleorbeingshownthedoor.（但無論你是在推銷或推廣一項(xiàng)服務(wù)、產(chǎn)品、公司或事業(yè)，你如何精心制作和傳遞你的信息可能意味著成功銷售或被解雇的區(qū)別。）和第六段倒數(shù)第二句Passionseparatestheworld’stoppitchmenfromthevastmajorityofmediocrepresenters.（激情將世界上最優(yōu)秀的推銷員與絕大多數(shù)平庸的演講者區(qū)分開來。），可知本文一直強(qiáng)調(diào)的激情對(duì)于需要銷售的職業(yè)來說很重要，而演說家不那么需要，所以B選項(xiàng)“售貨員”正確，A選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)家”，C選項(xiàng)“演說家”和D選項(xiàng)“店主”錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

29.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Ifyoumanageacoffeeshoporrestaurant,isyourpassiontocreateawelcoming“thirdplace”betweenhomeandworkforyourcustomerstoenjoy?（如果你經(jīng)營一家咖啡店或餐廳，你的激情會(huì)是在家庭和工作之間創(chuàng)造一個(gè)受歡迎的“第三空間”讓你的顧客享受嗎？），可知第三空間是拿來享受的，所以A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)享受的地方”正確，B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)分享你個(gè)人信息的商店”，C選項(xiàng)“咖啡店或餐廳”和D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)可以展示你激情的私密場(chǎng)所”：不符合題意，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

30.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句Thegreatspokespeopleofourtimehaveraisedthebaronwhatitmeanstobeabusinesscommunicator—andyou’rebeingcomparedtothem.（我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的偉大發(fā)言人提高了作為一名商業(yè)溝通者的意義——你被拿來和他們比較。），可知各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)言人讓商務(wù)交流的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更高，所以A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)商務(wù)交流者的更高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“溝通中信息的更好表達(dá)”：表述不準(zhǔn)確，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“商務(wù)交流者應(yīng)該掌握的10種技巧”和D選項(xiàng)“商務(wù)交流者被拿來和發(fā)言人比較”：是一方面的內(nèi)容，不足以概括這部分主旨，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

TheUnitedStatesFoodandDragAdministrationhasshownitselftobeparticularlywarywithregardtoalleged“miracle”drugsinrecentyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bellicose

B.exhausted

C.cautious

D.strange

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bellicose“好戰(zhàn)的”；B選項(xiàng)exhausted“精疲力竭的”；C選項(xiàng)cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的”；D選項(xiàng)strange“奇怪的”。句意：近年來，美國食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局對(duì)所謂的神藥的態(tài)度開始特別謹(jǐn)慎。根據(jù)語境，C選項(xiàng)cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的”比較符合對(duì)miracledrugs“神藥”的態(tài)度，和wary“謹(jǐn)慎的”同義，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Inthesearchforsolutiontoseeminglyoverwhelmingproblems,itbecameincreasingly______toincluderadical,evenrevolutionaryideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stable

B.absolute

C.immortal

D.plausible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)stable“穩(wěn)定的”；B選absolute項(xiàng)“絕對(duì)的”；C選項(xiàng)immortal“不朽的”；D選項(xiàng)plausible“看似合理的”。句意：在尋找看似無法解決的問題的解決方案時(shí)，激進(jìn)的，甚至是革命性的主意越來越______。根據(jù)語境，plausible“看似合理的”搭配ideas“主意”比較合理，指激進(jìn)的方法更加可行，D選項(xiàng)plausible“看似合理的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

IfRepublicansinCongressunitebehindDonaldTrump’sagenda,itwillnotbebecausetheyhavechangedtheirviewsoneconomics.WhateverMr.Trump’splansforbordertaxesandfiscalstimulus,mostRepublicansstillprofesstosupportfreetradeandloathegovernmentborrowing.(36)Instead,unityispossiblebecausetwoothergoalsbindthepresidentandhispartytogether.Thefirst,taxcuts,isausualpriorityfortheparty.Butthesecond,deregulation,onlyrecentlyrosetothesamestatus.Thecalltocutredtape（官樣文章，冗長的法規(guī)條文）isnowanemotiverallyingcryforRepublicans—moreso,intheheartsofmanycongressmen,thanslashingdeficits.Deregulationwill,theyargue,unleasha“confidentAmerica”inwhichbusinessesthriveandwagessoar,leavingeconomists,withtheirexcusesforthe“newnormal”oflowgrowth,redfaced.Aretheyright?

(37)ThestraightforwardmotivationforRepublicans’deregulatoryagendaistheirdisdainforPresidentBarackObama’slegacy,muchofwhichwasinstalledthroughregulatoryfiat.TheAffordableCareAct,betterknownasObamacare,requiredbureaucratstowritethousandsofpagesofnewrules;theDodd-Frankfinancial-reformbilldidthesame.(38)Whenlegislationwasnotforthcoming,theexecutivebranchthrewitsweightaroundinstead.ItassertedthattheCleanAirActgaveitwide-rangingpowerstofightclimatechange,andthattheCleanWaterActletitcleanupmanymorepondsandriversthaneverbefore.

(39)Buttottingupcostsandbenefitsishardlystraightforward.Anagencywhichsupportsaregulationcanobviouslynudgethenumbersinafavorabledirection.Bureaucratsmustsometimesmakevaluejudgments.Forinstance,theObamaadministrationcountedbenefitstoforeigncountrieswhenweighinguprulestoreducecarbonemissions.

Inanycase,cost-benefitanalysisagesbadly.Withoutupdatingit,itisdifficulttoknowhowmucholdregulationsweighontheeconomy.OneMercatusworkingpaperplugsthenumberofrulesineachindustryintoacomplexmodeloftheeconomy.Itfindsthatruleswrittensince1980havedampenedgrowthbyabout0.8percentagepointsayear.

(40)Republicansliketoputaboutthatsortoffigure,butitstrikesmanyeconomistsasimplausiblylarge.Eventhosesympathetictoderegulationarehesitanttoforecastthegrowtheffectsofaregulatorybonfire,preferringtostressthebenefitsoftaxcuts.Democrats,meanwhile,arescathingabouttheideathatrollingbackregulationswouldpepuptheeconomymuch.JasonFurman,whoadvisedMr.Obama,addsupthecostsofObama-erarulesandsaysitis“impossible”toseehowyouwouldaddevenatenthofapercentagepointtogrowthbyundoingthem.(TheTrumpadministrationpromisesgrowthof3.5%-4%,upfrom1.6%in2016,partlyonthebackofderegulation.)

【答案】36.相反，由于另外兩個(gè)目標(biāo)將總統(tǒng)及其政黨緊密聯(lián)系，團(tuán)結(jié)一致很有可能。第一，減稅是共和黨一貫主張的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。但第二點(diǎn)放松管制，直到最近才上升到同樣的地位。呼吁減少繁文縟節(jié)，是共和黨人如今的一種有力戰(zhàn)斗口號(hào)——在許多國會(huì)議員的心中，它比削減赤字更有分量。

37.共和黨人放松管制議程的直接動(dòng)機(jī)是蔑視巴拉克?奧巴馬總統(tǒng)遺留政策，這其中大部分是通過監(jiān)管法令而確立的。

38.當(dāng)立法還沒有出臺(tái)時(shí)，行政部門就開始指手畫腳，斷言被《清潔空氣法》賦予廣泛權(quán)力以應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，而因?yàn)椤肚鍧嵥ā非謇砹吮纫酝魏螘r(shí)候都多的池塘和河流。

39.但合計(jì)成本和收益并不簡單。支持監(jiān)管的機(jī)構(gòu)顯然可以把數(shù)字推向有利的方向。政府官員有時(shí)必須做出主觀價(jià)值判斷。

40.雖然共和黨人總是提這種數(shù)字，但許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為這個(gè)數(shù)大得難以置信。即使那些贊同放松管制的人，也不愿去預(yù)測(cè)監(jiān)管對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響，而更愿意強(qiáng)調(diào)減稅的好處。

13.單選題

Usingmanysymbolsmakes______toputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.itispossible

C.itpossible

D.thatpossible

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：使用多種多樣的符號(hào)可以在一張地圖里放進(jìn)大量的信息。根據(jù)固定搭配makesth.+adj.(forsb.)todosth.“做某事（對(duì)某人來說）是怎么樣的”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知這里it是形式賓語，所以C選項(xiàng)itpossible符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Recorded______oftoday’sbigfootballgamewillbeshownafternews.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.summits

B.peaks

C.heights

D.highlights

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)summits“最高點(diǎn)；首腦會(huì)議”；B選項(xiàng)peaks“高峰的（時(shí)期）；（過程、活動(dòng)的）頂峰”；C選項(xiàng)heights“頂點(diǎn)；高潮”；D選項(xiàng)highlights“最精彩的部分”。句意：今天錄制的足球______將在新聞之后播放。根據(jù)語境，這里指足球比賽的精華集錦，D選項(xiàng)highlights“最精彩的部分”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt.Inthe21thcentury,ourdystopiasimagineaworldwherebooksareforgotten.Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovelSuperSadTrueLoveStorydescribesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.Thebookonthebook,itsuggests,isclosing.

Thebook—thephysicalpaperbook—isbeingcircledbyashoalofsharks,withsalesdown9percentthisyearalone.It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.

InhisgorgeouslittlebookTheLostArtofReading—WhyBooksMatterinaDistractedTime,thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling.Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating—butthen,afewyearsago,he“becomeaware,inanapartmentfullofbooks,thatIcouldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread”.Hewouldsitdowntodoitatnight,ashealwayshad,andreadafewparagraphs,thenfindhismindwaswandering,imploringhimtocheckhisemail,orTwitter,orFacebook.“WhatI’mstrugglingwith,”hewrites,“istheencroachmentofthebuzz,thesensethatthere’ssomethingouttherethatmeritsmyattention.”

Ithinkmostofushavethissensetoday,ifwearehonest.Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother.Toread,youneedtoslowdown.Youneedmentalsilenceexceptforthewords.That’sgettinghardertofind.

No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb,andtheywillhavetowrenchmyTwitterfeedfrommycolddeadhands.Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.

Intheageoftheinternet,physicalpaperbooksareatechnologyweneedmore,notless.Inthe1950s,thenovelistHermanHessewrote:“Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.Wehavenotyetquitereachedthepointwhereyoungcompetitors,suchasradio,cinema,etc,havetakenoverthefunctionsfromthebookitcan’taffordtolose.”

31.BymentioningtheworkofGarySteynghart,theauthorintendsto________.

32.Themostsignificantreasonforthefallingsalesofpaperbooksisthat________.

33.Accordingtoparagraph3,wecaninferthat________.

34.Theexplanationoftheword“wired”probablyindicatesthat________.

35.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreeon?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocatetheideathatreadingphysicalpaperbooksisoutoffashion

B.introduceabrandnewelectronicproductevenmoreomnivorousthaniPhone

C.provethatbookswillbeoutweighedbyrealityshowsandporninthefuture

D.indicatethatbooksareleftoutinfictionsdescribingthefutureworld

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.electronicbooksaretakingovermoreandmoremarketshareofpaperbooks

B.people’mindsdon’thavethespaceforreadingduetoallkindsoftemptation

C.bookstoresareoutofbusinessaspeopleprefertoborrowingbooksfromthelibrary

D.peoplethinkthingsontheInternetaremoreworthyoftheirattention

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleareinclinedtotakereadingforgranted

B.people’mindsareencroachedbytheInternet

C.it’shardtoconcentrateonreadingnowadays

D.DavidUlin’sbookgivesreadersastrangefeeling

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplealwaysmisunderstandthefunctionsofinternet

B.Internetispartlyresponsibleforthevanishingofpaperbooks

C.peoplecalltheinternet“wiredworld”forareason

D.Internetwilltakeoverthefunctionsofpaperbooks

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Truereaderscanmaintainreadinginallkindsofenvironment,includingnoisyone.

B.TheInternetshouldbestrictlycondemnedforendangeringphysicalpaperbooks.

C.Physicalpaperbooksarefacingextremedangerofbeingreplacedbyotherthings.

D.Readingbooksisn’tinaccordancewiththeincreasingneedforentertainment.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt…Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovel…describesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.（在20世紀(jì)，所有關(guān)于未來的可怕小說都想象書會(huì)被燒毀……只舉一個(gè)例子，GarySteynghart的小說……描述了一個(gè)世界，在這里每個(gè)人都沉迷于電子設(shè)備——一個(gè)更無所不包的蘋果手機(jī)，里面有閃爍的購物車、真人秀和色情——不知怎么的，人們開始認(rèn)為剩下的幾本沒讀過的紙書散發(fā)一股臭味。）可知在第一段中作者主要想表達(dá)在描述未來的書中不會(huì)有書的位置，所以D選項(xiàng)“表明在描述未來世界的小說中沒有書”正確，沒有說到真人秀等事物和書籍的關(guān)系，故C選項(xiàng)“證明書籍在未來將被真人秀和色情所取代”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“提倡閱讀紙質(zhì)書已經(jīng)過時(shí)的觀點(diǎn)”和B選項(xiàng)“推出一款比iPhone更雜項(xiàng)的全新電子產(chǎn)品”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

32.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.（最重要的是，它所占據(jù)的精神空間正在被我們周圍數(shù)以千計(jì)的大規(guī)模毀滅性武器所侵蝕。），可知紙質(zhì)書銷量下降主要是因?yàn)樽x者的思想被其他的東西占據(jù)，所以B選項(xiàng)“由于各種各樣的誘惑，人們的思維沒有空間來閱讀”正確。A選項(xiàng)“電子圖書正在占領(lǐng)越來越多的市場(chǎng)份額的紙質(zhì)書”：根據(jù)第二段第二句It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.（它正在被電子書啃噬。），可知文中有提到，但這不是主要原因，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“書店因?yàn)槿藗兏矚g從圖書館借書而歇業(yè)”：根據(jù)第二段第三句It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.（它受到書店和圖書館落寞的沖擊。），可知書店和圖書館沒有直接聯(lián)系，也不是主要原因，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“人們認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的東西更值得他們關(guān)注”：文章沒有提及，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.（這很難承認(rèn)，但我們都能感覺到：閱讀書籍正變得越來越困難。），接著在第三段第一句thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling（評(píng)論家DavidUlin承認(rèn)他有一種奇怪的感覺），這種感覺就是couldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread（再也無法在自己內(nèi)心找到閱讀所必需的安靜），綜合來看，C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在很難集中精力讀書”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人們傾向于視閱讀理所當(dāng)然”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating（在他的一生中，他把閱讀當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然的飲食），這是David的想法，而不是人們普遍的想法，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“人們的思想被互聯(lián)網(wǎng)侵占”：這在之前就提到，也不是這一段表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“DavidUlin的書給讀者一種奇怪的感覺”不符合文章內(nèi)容，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

34.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第三、四句Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.（喜愛網(wǎng)絡(luò)不會(huì)變成不合時(shí)宜地對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界的繁榮進(jìn)行痛斥。但這就是“wired”這個(gè)詞既表示“連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，又表示“興奮、瘋狂、無法集中注意力”的原因。），這里的無法集中注意力指的是不能靜下來讀書，所以這里表達(dá)的是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓人不像以前那樣讀書多了，B選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)紙質(zhì)書的消失負(fù)有部分責(zé)任”正確，人們不會(huì)因?yàn)槠渌蚨饣ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)本身，所以A選項(xiàng)“人們總是誤解互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的功能”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“人們稱互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為‘連線世界’是有原因的”：不是這里要表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，并且這是對(duì)原文的重述，不屬于推斷，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將取代紙質(zhì)書的功能”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

35.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章提到的越來越多的誘惑讓人不能集中注意力來看書，人們的思維空間被其他的東西占滿而騰不出空間看書，可知C選項(xiàng)“紙質(zhì)書正面臨被其他東西取代的極端危險(xiǎn)”符合文章意思，所以正確。A選項(xiàng)“真正的閱讀者可以在各種環(huán)境中保持閱讀，包括嘈雜的環(huán)境”：根據(jù)第四段Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother…That’sgettinghardertofind.（如果你在房間的另一邊用筆記本電腦砰砰地讀一本書，這就像你在一個(gè)派對(duì)上看書，每個(gè)人都在互相大喊大叫……這越來越難找了）文章說到因?yàn)檎T惑太多越來越難集中注意力讀書，沒有說到真正的閱讀者是怎樣的，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)該被嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)危害紙質(zhì)書”：根據(jù)第五段No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb…Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.（不，別誤會(huì)我。我熱愛網(wǎng)絡(luò)……這不會(huì)變成不合時(shí)宜地對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界的繁榮的痛斥。），可知作者不認(rèn)為要譴責(zé)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“閱讀書籍不符合日益增長的娛樂需求”：根據(jù)第六段第二句Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.（新發(fā)明越能滿足娛樂和主流教育的需求，書就越能恢復(fù)其地位和權(quán)威。），可知娛樂得到滿足對(duì)書籍發(fā)展有利，與文章意思不符，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Peopletendto_______howdistincttheirownlivesare,sothecommonalitytheyenjoywithotherpeopleseemtothemaseriesofsmallmiracles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deny

B.overlook

C.exaggerate

D.ignore

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deny“否定；拒絕承認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)overlook“俯瞰；未注意到；（對(duì)不良現(xiàn)象等）視而不見”；C選項(xiàng)exaggerate“夸大