2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)26

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.

ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.

Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.

Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,thatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.

IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.

TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingscodesnowrequirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.

1.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat（

）.

2.AlthoughthefiredeathratehasdeclinedtheUnitedStates

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.WhataspectsoffiresafetyandpreventionshouldtheUnitedStateslearnfromJapan?

5.TonarrowthegapbetweenthefiredeathrateintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries,theauthorsuggests（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theytooknointerestinnewtechnology

B.theydidn’tattachgreatimportancetopreventingfires

C.theyshowedindifferencetofightingfires

D.theydidn’tspendenoughmoneyonfirefacilities

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.stillhastheworstfiredeathrateintheworld.

B.isstillalerttothefireproblem

C.isstilltrainingalargenumberofsafetyexperts

D.isstillconfrontedwiththeseriousfireproblem

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.firesafetylessonsshouldbeaimedatAmericanadults

B.Americanchildrenhavenotreceivedenougheducationoffiresafetylessons

C.JapanisbetterequippedwithfirefacilitiesthantheUnitesStales

D.America'slargepopulationaccountsforhighfirefrequency

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Architectureandbuildingmaterials

B.Educationandtechnology

C.Lawsandattitude

D.Alloftheabove

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.developingnewtechnology

B.countingmoreonlawsandsocialpressure

C.placingafireextinguisherineveryfamily

D.reinforcingthesafenessofhouseholdappliances

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.（安全專家說(shuō)，問(wèn)題既不是金錢，也不是技術(shù)，而是一個(gè)對(duì)火災(zāi)不夠重視的國(guó)家的冷漠）和第三段中的Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.（它在預(yù)防火災(zāi)方面比在滅火中花費(fèi)的要少得多）可知美國(guó)火災(zāi)多的原因是他們不夠重視預(yù)防火災(zāi)，因此選B。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.（但即使如此成功，美國(guó)仍然是世界上火災(zāi)死亡率最高的國(guó)家之一）可知D選項(xiàng)“仍然面臨著嚴(yán)重的火災(zāi)問(wèn)題”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.（在美國(guó)，大部分教育費(fèi)用都花在小學(xué)上。但是，這些課程的目標(biāo)受眾太少，只有9%的火災(zāi)死亡是由玩火柴的兒童造成的）可知A選項(xiàng)“消防安全課程應(yīng)針對(duì)美國(guó)成年人”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第四段中的Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime...Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.（專家說(shuō)，致命的錯(cuò)誤是一種態(tài)度，即火災(zāi)不是任何人的過(guò)錯(cuò)。在其他國(guó)家情況并非如此，在這些國(guó)家，公共教育和法律都將火災(zāi)視為個(gè)人過(guò)失或犯罪……日本已經(jīng)有27項(xiàng)因過(guò)失引起嚴(yán)重火災(zāi)的處罰，最高可達(dá)無(wú)期徒刑）可知C選項(xiàng)“法律和態(tài)度”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通讀全文，可知作者對(duì)文章最后一段中的TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.（美國(guó)繼續(xù)更多地依賴技術(shù)，而不是法律或社會(huì)壓力）這種“不依靠法律或社會(huì)壓力”的觀點(diǎn)是不贊成，認(rèn)為需要依靠法律和社會(huì)壓力來(lái)減少美國(guó)火災(zāi)的發(fā)生，因此選B。

2.單選題

Thesurveyfound80percentofviewerswere（

）bytheviolentscenesinthefilm.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.damaged

B.alerted

C.offended

D.discouraged

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。damage損害；alert警惕；offend冒犯；discourage阻止，使氣餒。

句意：調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，80%的觀眾會(huì)被電影中的暴力鏡頭所觸怒。beoffendedby意為“被...觸怒”，選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

Jennies,theformerchairmanoftheoilcompany,criticizesseverelyhis（

）whosefalsejudgmentledthecompanytobankruptcy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.successor

B.offspring

C.predecessor

D.forefather

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。successor意為“接替者，繼任者，接替的人或事物”；offspring意為“后代，子孫”；predecessor意為“前任，前輩”；forefather意為“祖先，祖宗”。由theformerchairman（前董事長(zhǎng)）可推測(cè)空格處指的他的繼任者，因此選A。

句意：前石油公司董事長(zhǎng)詹尼爾斯嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)他的繼任者，他的錯(cuò)誤判斷導(dǎo)致公司破產(chǎn)。

4.單選題

Don’ttrustthespeakeranymore,sincetheremarkshemadeinhislecturesarenever（

）withthefacts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.symmetrical

B.comparative

C.compatible

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。symmetrical“勻稱的，對(duì)稱的”；comparative“比較的，相當(dāng)?shù)摹?；compatible“兼容的，能共處的”；harmonious“和諧的，和睦的”。

句意：不要再相信那個(gè)演說(shuō)者了，因?yàn)樗葜v中的話語(yǔ)與事實(shí)不符。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Iwillholdyoupersonally（

）ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.destructive

B.lucrative

C.diverse

D.responsible

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。destructive有害的，毀滅性的；lucrative獲利多的；diverse不同的，多種多樣的；responsible負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的。

句意：如果這個(gè)項(xiàng)目出了什么問(wèn)題，我將追究你個(gè)人的責(zé)任。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

Jackisnotverydecisive,andhealwaysfindshimselfina（

）asifhedoesn'tknowwhathereallywantstodo.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantasy

B.dilemma

C.contradiction

D.conflict

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想，幻覺(jué)”；dilemma“困境，進(jìn)退兩難”；contradiction“矛盾，否認(rèn)，反駁”；conflict“沖突，斗爭(zhēng)”。句意：杰克做事不果敢，他經(jīng)常進(jìn)退兩難，不知道做什么。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Brazil’sconstitution（

）themilitaryuseofnuclearenergy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Withdraws

B.objects

C.interrupts

D.forbids

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。withdraw“撤銷，收回，撤退”；object“反對(duì)，拒絕”；Interrupt“中斷”；forbid“禁止”。句意：巴西憲法規(guī)定禁止軍隊(duì)使用核能。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Hismemoryseemsto（

）withage.Therearealotofthingshecouldn'trememberclearly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lessen

B.diminish

C.decrease

D.reduce

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以表示“減少”。lessen指數(shù)目、程度、價(jià)值、實(shí)力等的減少；diminish指某事物對(duì)照原本基礎(chǔ)上數(shù)量或質(zhì)量少了很多；decrease指各種事物逐漸減少、逐漸衰弱的過(guò)程；reduce指縮小事物的范圍、強(qiáng)度、數(shù)量等，也可指級(jí)別、地位或經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的降低。此處表示他的記憶力隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而減弱，記憶力變得比原來(lái)差，因此選B。

句意：他的記憶力似乎隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而減弱，有很多事情他記不清了。

9.單選題

Themeetingwas（

）bytheNationalAssociationofWomenforthepurposeoffurtheringthewomen’sliberationmovement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chaired

B.sponsored

C.participated

D.assigned

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。chair意為“擔(dān)任（會(huì)議、討論等的）主席，主持（會(huì)議、討論等）”；sponsor意為“贊助（活動(dòng)、節(jié)目）等，主辦，舉辦”；participate意為“參加，參與”；assign意為“分派，選派，分配”。

句意：會(huì)議由全國(guó)婦女協(xié)會(huì)主辦，目的是促進(jìn)婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)。

10.單選題

Whenhiscontractwas（

）unexpectedly,hedesperatelyneededanewjob.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accomplished

B.expired

C.fulfilled

D.terminated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。accomplish“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到”；expire“期滿；終止”；fulfill“履行，實(shí)現(xiàn)，滿足”；terminate“終止，結(jié)束”。句意：當(dāng)他的合同被出乎意料地終止時(shí)，他極度需要一份新工作。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Therepublication(再版)ofthepoet’smostrecentworkswillcertainly（

）hisnationalreputation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnify

B.enlarge

C.strengthen

D.enhance

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。magnify放大；enlarge擴(kuò)大；strengthen鞏固，加強(qiáng)；enhance提高，增加。

句意：這位詩(shī)人最新作品的再次出版必將提高他在全國(guó)的聲譽(yù)。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

12.單選題

Thejournalistgotthe（

）newsthatthefamousactresswouldchangeherhusbandfortheseventhtime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sentimental

B.sensational

C.sensible

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sentimental意為“傷感的，多情的，多愁善感的”；sensational意為“轟動(dòng)的，引起嘩然的”；sensible意為“明智的，理智的，合理的”；sensitive意為“敏感的，易受傷害的”。

句意：這位記者得到了一個(gè)轟動(dòng)的消息，那就是這位著名女演員將第七次更換丈夫。

13.單選題

TheBritishLibrary（

）therighttoafreecopyofeverynewbookpublishedintheUnitedKingdom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contains

B.retires

C.retains

D.conveys

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。contain意為“包含，容納”；retire意為“退休”；retain意為“保持，保留”；convey意為“傳達(dá)，傳遞”。

句意：在英國(guó)出版的每一版新書(shū)，大英博物館都擁有免費(fèi)獲得一冊(cè)的權(quán)利。

14.單選題

Ifyouknowexactlywhatyouwant,thebestroutetoajobistogetspecializedtraining.Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompanieslikegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessandhealthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.

That'sespeciallytrueofboomingfieldsthatarechallengingforworkers.AtCornell’sSchoolofHotelAdministration,forexample,bachelor’sdegreegraduatesgetanaverageoffourorfivejobofferswithsalariesrangingfromthehighteenstothelow20sandplentyofchancesforrapidadvancement.Largecompanies,especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithworkexperience.

Butinthelongrun,toomuchspecializationdoesn'tpayoff.Business,whichhasbeenfloodedwithMBAs,nolongerconsidersthedegreeanautomaticstampofapproval.TheMBAmayopendoorsandcommandahighersalaryinitially,buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears.

Asfurtherevidenceoftheerosion（銷蝕）ofcorporate（公司的）faithinspecializeddegrees,MichiganState'sScheetzcitesapatternincorporatehiringpractices,althoughcompaniestendtotakeonspecialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddleandupper-levelmanagement.“Theywantsomeonewhoisn'tconstrained（限制）bynutsandboltstolookatthebigpicture,”saysScheetz.

Thissoundssuspiciouslylikeaformalstatementthatyouapproveoftheliberal-artsgraduate.Timeandagainlabor-marketanalystsmentionaneedfortalentsthatliberal-artsmajorsareassumedtohave:writingandcommunicationskills,organizationalskills,open-mindednessandadaptability,andtheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.DavidBirchclaimshedoesnothireanybodywithanMBAoranengineeringdegree.“Ihireonlyliberal-arts（文科）peoplebecausetheyhavealess-than-cannedwayofdoingthings,’’saysBirch.Liberal-artsmeansanacademicallythoroughandstrictprogramthatincludesliterature,history,Mathematics,economics,science,humanbehavior—plusacomputercourseortwo.Withthatunderyourbelt,youcanfeelfreetospecialize，“Aliberal-artsdegreecoupledwithanMBAorsomeothertechnicaltrainingisaverygoodcombinationinthemarketplace,”saysScheetz.

1.Whatkindsofpeopleareinhighdemandonthejobmarket?

2.Bysaying“...buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears”(Line3,Para.3),theauthormeans（

）.

3.AccordingtoScheetz’sstatement(Lines4-5,Para.4),companiesprefer

（

）.

4.DavidBirchclaimsthatheonlyhiresliberal-artspeoplebecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Studentswithabachelor’sdegreeinhumanities.

B.PeoplewithanMBAdegreefromtopuniversities.

C.Peoplewithformalschoolingplusworkexperience.

D.Peoplewithspecialtraininginengineering.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.mostMBAprogramsfailtoprovidestudentswithasolidfoundation

B.anMBAdegreedoesnothelppromotiontomanagerialpositions

C.MBAprogramswillnotbeaspopularinfiveyears’timeastheyarenow

D.infiveyearspeoplewillforgetaboutthedegreetheMBAgraduateshavegot

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewhohaveastrategicmind

B.peoplewhoaretalentedinfinearts

C.peoplewhoareambitiousandaggressive

D.peoplewhohavereceivedtraininginmechanics

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyaremorecapableofhandlingchangingsituations

B.theycansticktoestablishedwaysofsoilingproblems

C.theyarethoroughlytrainedinavarietyofspecializedfields

D.theyhaveattendedspecialprogramsinmanagement

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Specialistsaremoreexpensivetohirethangeneralists.

B.Formalschoolingislessimportantthanjobtraining.

C.On-the-jobtrainingisinthelongrun,lesscostly.

D.Generalistswilloutdospecialistsinmanagement.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompanieslikegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessandhealthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.”最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，企業(yè)喜歡那些只需要很少的在職培訓(xùn)就能立即上手工作的商業(yè)和衛(wèi)生保健等領(lǐng)域的畢業(yè)生。再根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Largecompanies,especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithworkexperience.”尤其是大公司，要求有正規(guī)教育背景和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。由此可知，受過(guò)正規(guī)教育加上有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人在就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上的需求量最大，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第2題:判斷推理題。作者在下文也就是第四段給出了解釋：密歇根州立大學(xué)的Scheetz援引了企業(yè)招聘實(shí)踐中的一種模式，進(jìn)一步證明企業(yè)對(duì)持有專業(yè)學(xué)位人士的信心正在減弱。雖然公司傾向于聘用專業(yè)人才作為新員工，但他們往往會(huì)找尋全能人才作為中高層管理。由此可推斷，作者認(rèn)為“MBA學(xué)位無(wú)助于晉升到管理職位”，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“‘Theywantsomeonewhoisn'tconstrained（限制）bynutsandboltstolookatthebigpicture,’saysScheetz.”Scheetz說(shuō)：“他們想要一個(gè)不受細(xì)枝末節(jié)限制且能顧全大局的人。也就是具有戰(zhàn)略思維的人，”選項(xiàng)A正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“DavidBirch”定位到最后一段第四句“‘Ihireonlyliberal-artspeoplebecausetheyhavealess-than-cannedwayofdoingthings,’saysBirch.”Birch說(shuō):“我只聘用文科人才，因?yàn)樗麄冏鍪碌姆绞讲荒敲此腊??！币簿褪钦f(shuō)，他們有能力處理變化無(wú)常的事情，選項(xiàng)A正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“althoughcompaniestendtotakeonspecialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddleandupper-levelmanagement.”雖然公司傾向于聘用專業(yè)人才作為新員工，但他們往往會(huì)找尋全能人才作為中高層管理。由此可知，在管理層面，全能型人才勝過(guò)專業(yè)型人才。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。選項(xiàng)A，B，C在文中均沒(méi)有提及。

15.單選題

Thisriverissowidethatitisimpossibletobuilda（

）underitwithoutmoderntechnology.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.canal

B.tunnel

C.channel

D.cable

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。canal“運(yùn)河，管道”；tunnel“隧道”；channel“通道，海峽”；cable“纜繩，電纜”。句意：這條河這么寬，要在它地下修建一條隧道沒(méi)有現(xiàn)代技術(shù)是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Theadvertisementsaysthismaterialdoesn’tinthewash,butithas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contract

B.shrink

C.slim

D.dissolve

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。contract縮短，感染；shrink收縮，縮水；slim使苗條；dissolve溶解，解散，消失。

句意：.廣告上說(shuō)這種料子洗的時(shí)候不會(huì)縮水，但它確實(shí)縮水了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

17.單選題

Morecarewill（

）youagainstmakingsomanymistakes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.convince

D.assure

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。convince意為“使相信，說(shuō)服，使承認(rèn)”，ensure、guarantee和assure都含有“保證”的意思。ensure指確保某種行為一定會(huì)發(fā)生；guarantee指對(duì)某事物的品質(zhì)或人的行為“提出擔(dān)?！?，對(duì)事物、商品等質(zhì)量、性能等方面的欺詐行為做出保證；assure指向某人保證某事一定會(huì)發(fā)生（內(nèi)含有讓某人放心之意，以消除疑慮）assuresb.ofsth/assuresb.that...

句意：多加小心會(huì)確保你不會(huì)犯這么多的錯(cuò)誤。

18.翻譯題

Marketingisimportanttoorganizationsandconsumersalike.Ittouchesthelivesofallmembersofsociety.Allthegoodsandservicesyoubuy,thestoreswhereyoushopandtheradioandTVprogramspaidforbyadvertisingaretherebecauseofmarketing.Eachofyouhasbeeninvolvedinmarketingactivitiesatonetimeoranother.Perhapsyouhavetriedtosellausedtextbookbacktothecampusbookstoreortoconvinceyourparentstofinanceaspringvacation.Youmaynothaveknownitatthetime,butyouwereperformingmarketingactivities.Marketingoftenhasspecialimportanceforstudents.Manyofyouwillworkinmarketing——whetherinsales,retailing,advertising,oranotherfieldinafor-profitfirmoranonprofitorganization.Throughthischapteryouwillfindsomeinformationindifferentareasofmarketing—insales,advertising,marketingconcept,marketingmix,marketingresearch,understandingbuyerbehavior,marketsegmentation(細(xì)分)andotherareas.

Whatdoesabusinessfirmdoinoureconomy?Reducedtobasics,businesseshavetwomajorfunctions:productionofgoodsorcreationofservicesandmarketingthosegoodsandservices.Tobesuccessfulintoday’scompetitivemarketplace,peopleinbusinessrealizethattheymustfirstdeterminepeople’sneedsandwants,andthenproducegoodsandservicestosatisfythem.Acompany,whetheritisFordMotorCompanyorasmallretailer,isinbusinesstocreatewant-satisfyinggoodsandservicesforitscustomers.Goodsandservicesthatdonotsatisfyconsumersareforcedoutfromthemarket,sinceconsumersdonotbuythem.

【答案】市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷對(duì)組織來(lái)說(shuō)很重要，對(duì)于消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)也同樣重要。它涉及所有社會(huì)成員的生活。你購(gòu)買的所有商品和服務(wù)，購(gòu)物的商店，以及通過(guò)廣告付費(fèi)的廣播和電視節(jié)目，都是源于市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷。你們每個(gè)人都曾或多或少地接觸過(guò)營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)。也許你試圖把一本用過(guò)的教科書(shū)賣給校園書(shū)店，或者說(shuō)服你的父母為你的春節(jié)假期提供資金。你當(dāng)時(shí)可能不知道，但你確實(shí)在進(jìn)行營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)。市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)往往具有特殊的重要性。你們中的許多人將在營(yíng)利性公司或非營(yíng)利性組織從事市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷工作，無(wú)論是銷售、零售、廣告推銷還是其他領(lǐng)域。經(jīng)過(guò)這一時(shí)期，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不同領(lǐng)域市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷的一些信息，如銷售、廣告、營(yíng)銷概念、營(yíng)銷組合、市場(chǎng)調(diào)研、消費(fèi)者行為分析、市場(chǎng)細(xì)分等其他領(lǐng)域。

企業(yè)在我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)中扮演什么樣的角色呢？從根本上來(lái)說(shuō)，企業(yè)有兩個(gè)主要功能：生產(chǎn)商品或創(chuàng)造服務(wù)，以及對(duì)這些商品和服務(wù)進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷。為了在當(dāng)今競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的市場(chǎng)中取得成功，商界人士意識(shí)到他們必須首先確定人們的需求，然后生產(chǎn)商品和服務(wù)來(lái)滿足這些需求。任何一家公司，無(wú)論是福特汽車公司還是一家小型零售商，都致力于為客戶創(chuàng)造滿足需求的商品和服務(wù)。無(wú)法讓消費(fèi)者滿意的商品和服務(wù)將被市場(chǎng)淘汰，因?yàn)橄M(fèi)者不會(huì)購(gòu)買。

19.單選題

ThecommitteewillconsiderwhetherornotMr.Wilsonhasbeen（

）seriousprofessionalmisconduct.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.waryof

B.guiltyof

C.confrontedwith

D.reducedto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。waryof意為“謹(jǐn)防的，小心翼翼的”；guiltyof意為“有罪”；confrontwith意為“面對(duì)，面臨”；reduceto意為“減少至”。由seriousprofessionalmisconduct（嚴(yán)重的失職）可知選B。

句意：委員會(huì)將考慮威爾遜先生是否犯了嚴(yán)重的失職罪。

20.單選題

Allthememoriesofhischildhoodhad（

）fromhismindbythetimehewas65.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.faded

B.illustrated

C.confined

D.concerned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。fade“褪色，凋謝，逐漸消失”；illustrate“闡明，舉例說(shuō)明”；confine“限制；禁閉”；concern“關(guān)系，與……有關(guān)”，memory“記憶”。句意：在他65歲的時(shí)候所有關(guān)于童年的記憶都消失了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

21.單選題

Hebelievesthat（

）thingsdon’tnecessarilymeantheydon’texist.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intangible

B.indispensable

C.irresistible

D.visible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。intangible意為“難以形容（或理解）的，無(wú)形的，觸不到的”；indispensable意為“不可缺少的”；irresistible意為“無(wú)法抗拒的”；visible意為“看得見(jiàn)的”。

句意：他認(rèn)為觸摸不到的東西并不一定意味著它們不存在。

22.單選題

Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably（

）reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetails.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concise

B.clear

C.precise

D.elaborate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。concise“簡(jiǎn)明的”；clear“清楚的”；precise“精確的”；elaborate“詳盡的”。句意：新秘書(shū)只用了幾張紙就寫(xiě)出了一份包含所有的非常詳盡的報(bào)告。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

23.單選題

Ahealthyandbetter-educatednewgenerationisa（

）forsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.guarantee

B.security

C.demand

D.target

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。guarantee保障，擔(dān)保；security安全；demand需求；target目標(biāo)。

句意：身體健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

24.單選題

Thecitygovernmentis（

）reformingthesocialsecuritysystem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contemplating

B.reflecting

C.overtaking

D.nourishing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。contemplate意為“考慮，考慮接受（發(fā)生某事的可能性），深思熟慮”；reflect意為“反射（光、熱、聲或影像）”；overtake意為“追上，趕上”；nourish意為“滋養(yǎng)，施肥于”。

句意：市政府正在考慮改革社會(huì)保障制度。

25.單選題

Ifthiskindoffishbecomes（

）,futuregenerationsmaynevertasteitatall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.minimum

B.short

C.seldom

D.scarce

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。minimum最小的；short短的；seldom很少，不常；scarce缺乏的，不足的。

句意：如果這種魚(yú)變得稀缺，未來(lái)的幾代人可能再也嘗不到它的味道了。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

26.單選題

Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tradition

B.transportation

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析題。tradition“慣例，傳統(tǒng)”；transportation“運(yùn)輸”；transmission“傳遞，傳送”；transformation“轉(zhuǎn)換，改革”。

句意：20世紀(jì)見(jiàn)證了全世界巨大的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的變革。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

27.單選題

Somefeltthattheywerehurryingintoanepochofunprecedentedenlightenment,inwhichbettereducationandbeneficialtechnologywould（

）wealthandleisureforall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.maintain

C.certify

D.console

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。ensure“保證，確保，使安全”；maintain“維持”；certify“證明，保證”；console“安慰，慰藉”。句意：一些人認(rèn)為他們正匆忙進(jìn)入一個(gè)空前教化的時(shí)代，在這里更好的教育、更有利的科技可以確保人們健康和有足夠的休閑時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

28.單選題

Thecar,atleastasweknowit,isonthewayout,becauseitsexhaust（

）athreattotheenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.originates

B.poses

C.offends

D.paralyzes

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。originate起源，發(fā)源；pose造成問(wèn)題等；offend冒犯，進(jìn)攻；paralyze使麻痹。句意：至少就我們所知，汽車正在被淘汰，因?yàn)樗膹U氣對(duì)環(huán)境造成了威脅。poseathreatto為固定搭配，表示“對(duì)...造成威脅”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

29.單選題

TheremedyproposedbyMr.Maxwellissimple,easyand（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appreciable

B.amendable

C.collapsible

D.practicable

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。appreciable可評(píng)估的，相當(dāng)可觀的；amendable可修正的；collapsible可折疊的；practicable可實(shí)行的，行得通的。

句意：Maxwell先生提出的補(bǔ)救辦法簡(jiǎn)單而且切實(shí)可行。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

30.單選題

Youcan（

）thevideocameraonatripod（三腳架），sothatyoudon'thavetoworryaboutholdingitsteadywhileyouaskquestions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withstand

B.fix

C.plant

D.dwell

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。withstand抵抗，反抗；fix固定；plant種植，培養(yǎng)；dwell居住，存在于。

句意：你可以將攝像機(jī)固定在三腳架上，這樣當(dāng)你提問(wèn)的時(shí)候就不用擔(dān)心需要穩(wěn)穩(wěn)的抓住它了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

31.單選題

George（

）anagonizing48-hourwaitfortheresultsofthetests.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.underwent

B.withstood

C.baked

D.grilled

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。underwent經(jīng)驗(yàn)，遭遇；withstood抵擋，經(jīng)得起；baked烘烤；grilled炙烤。

句意：George遭受了48小時(shí)的煎熬只為等待測(cè)試結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

32.單選題

Wedon’tthinkthathis（

）abilityhasbeenwelldeveloped.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.potential

C.initial

D.invisible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。possible“可能的”；potential“有潛力的”；initial“最初的”；invisible“看不見(jiàn)的”。句意：我們認(rèn)為他的潛力沒(méi)有被好好挖掘。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

33.單選題

Acomputerfileisacollectionof（

）data,usedtoorganizethestorageandprocessingofdatabycomputer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.electrical

B.artificial

C.electronic

D.genuine

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。electrical有關(guān)電的；artificial人造的；electronic電子的；genuine真實(shí)的，誠(chéng)懇的。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)文件是電子數(shù)據(jù)的集合，用來(lái)組織計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)和處理。這里指電子數(shù)據(jù)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

34.單選題

ThetragedyoftheCHALLENGER（

）anongoingcontroversyonallaspectsofAmerica’sspaceprogram.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aroused

B.rose

C.arose

D.lifted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。arouse意為“激起，引起（反應(yīng)或態(tài)度）”；rise意為“上升，攀升，提高”，其過(guò)去式為rose；arise是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)”，其過(guò)去式為arose；lift意為“舉起，抬起”。

句意：挑戰(zhàn)者的悲劇在美國(guó)太空計(jì)劃的各個(gè)方面引起了持續(xù)不斷的爭(zhēng)議。

35.單選題

Herletterwasinsuchacausalscrawl,andinsuchpaleink,thatitwasalmost（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unintelligible

B.vague

C.ambiguous

D.illegible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unintelligible“莫名其妙的”；vague“模糊的，含糊的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”；illegible“難辨認(rèn)的；字跡模糊的”。句意：她信中的字跡非常隨意,加上墨水很淡，幾乎難以辨認(rèn)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

36.單選題

（

）studentsshouldbemotivatedbyakeeninterestintheatreandshouldhavesomefamiliaritywithplaysinproduction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Prospective

B.Responsible

C.Ethnic

D.Realistic

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。Prospective未來(lái)的，預(yù)期的；Responsible負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的；Ethnic種族的；Realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的。

句意：未來(lái)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該對(duì)戲劇有濃厚的興趣，并對(duì)戲劇創(chuàng)作有一定的了解。選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

37.單選題

Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.

Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse.Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves,memoryisinvolvedwhenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffed(嗅出)somethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.

Memoryexistsnotonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememorystoragecapacityofacomputerwiththatofahumanbeing.Theinstantaccessmemoryoflargecomputermayholdupto100,000“words”stringofalphabeticornumericalcharactersreadyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.Steenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.

Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblemsolvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson’smemoryisintermsofwordsandcombinationsofwords.Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity.Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmemory?

2.Accordingtothepassage,memoryishelpfulinone'slifeinthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTthat（

）.

3.Whatistheauthor'sviewaboutcomputersandhumanbeingsintermsofintelligence?

4.Whatisthemajorcharacteristicofman’smemorycapacityaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Humanbeingsmakethemselvesdifferentfromotheranimalsby

（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpsusperceivethingshappeningarounduseveryday

B.Itisbasedonthedecisionswemadeinthepast

C.Itisrootedinourpasthabitsandskills

D.Itconnectsourpastexperienceswiththepresent

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itinvolvesachangeinone'sbehavior

B.itkeepsinformationforlateruse

C.itwarnspeoplenottodothingsrepeatedly

D.itenablesonetoremembereventsthathappenedinthepast

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Computershavebettermemorythanachilddoes

B.Computersareasintelligentasateenageris

C.Computerscanunderstandasmanyas100,000words

D.Humanbeingsarefarsuperiortocomputers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbeexpandedbylanguage

B.Itcanrememberallthecombinedwords

C.Itmaykeepalltheinformationinthepast

D.Itmaychangewhathasbeenstoredinit

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.havingtheabilitytoperceivedanger

B.havingafargreatermemorycapacity

C.havingtheabilitytorecognizefacesandplacesonsight

D.havingtheabilitytodrawonpastexperiences

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段第二句話提到“大量日常認(rèn)知的意義、我們做決定的依據(jù)和我們的習(xí)慣和技能的根源都是我們過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷，這些都是被記憶帶到現(xiàn)在來(lái)的”（Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory），由此可知，記憶能夠?qū)⑦^(guò)去與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第二句話提到“記憶不僅僅是記住算數(shù)和歷史事實(shí)這類事情，還包括動(dòng)物典型行為的改變”（Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves），可知選項(xiàng)A“它涉及行為的改變”是正確的，排除；文章第二段第一句話提到“記憶被定義為是一種將信息保存留待以后使用的能力”（Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse），由此可知選項(xiàng)B正確，排除；文章第一段提到了依靠記憶，可以把過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)，選項(xiàng)D“記住過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情”正確，排除。因此，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段講述了計(jì)算機(jī)強(qiáng)大的存儲(chǔ)功能。計(jì)算機(jī)跟青少年都能記憶十萬(wàn)左右的英語(yǔ)單詞，但是單詞只是人類記憶中很小的一部分，人類還能記憶很多其他的內(nèi)容，比如，能一眼就分辨出不同的人臉和地方（However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight），可知人類比電腦要強(qiáng)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段提到“當(dāng)語(yǔ)言極大的擴(kuò)大人能夠記住的事情和事情最重要的部分的能力時(shí)，這需要有巨大的記憶存儲(chǔ)量”（Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity），因此選項(xiàng)A“能夠擴(kuò)大存儲(chǔ)量”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一句話提到“可能就是這種記憶存儲(chǔ)量將人類與其他動(dòng)物區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)”（Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

38.單選題

Whatsheachievedinherresearchmight（

）whatshehadbeenexpecting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceed

B.exclaim

C.excess

D.extend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。exceed“超過(guò)，勝過(guò)”；exclaim“大聲說(shuō)出”；excess“超過(guò)”，名詞；extend“延伸，擴(kuò)大”。

句意：她在研究中的收獲可能超過(guò)她的預(yù)期。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

39.單選題

Neglecthasacceleratedtheprocessofthisbuilding’s（

）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decline

B.egeneration

C.decay

D.wither

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。decline下降，衰退；degeneration退化，惡化；decay衰減，衰敗，腐爛；wither枯萎，凋謝。句意：疏忽大意加速了這座建筑物的衰敗。選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。

40.單選題

Thisisthenursewho（

）tomewhenIwasillinhospital.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accompanied

B.attended

C.enterta