2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國傳媒大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)29

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國傳媒大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thereisno（）whateverforthemannerinwhichyoubehavedfoolishlyattheEnglishparty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.jurisdiction

B.justification

C.judgment

D.junction

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)jurisdiction“司法權(quán)，審判權(quán)，管轄權(quán)；權(quán)限”；B選項(xiàng)justification“理由；辯護(hù)；認(rèn)為有理”；C選項(xiàng)judgment“判斷；裁判；判決書”；D選項(xiàng)junction“連接；交叉點(diǎn)；接合點(diǎn)”。句意：你在英語晚會(huì)上的愚蠢行為根本就沒有……。此處表示“愚蠢行為”是無理的，B選項(xiàng)符合句意要求。

2.單選題

ThetrainwaswhirlingonwardwithsuchdignityofmotionthataglancefromthewindowseemedsimplytoprovethatplainsofTexaswerepouringeastward.Vastflatsofgreengrass,dull-huedspacesofmesquiteandcactus,littlegroupsofframehouses,woodsoflightandtendertrees,allweresweepingintotheeast,sweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice.

AnewlymarriedpairhadboardedthiscoachatSanAntonio.Theman’sfacewasreddenedfrommanydaysinthewindandsun,andadirectresultofhisnewblackclotheswasthathisbrick-coloredhandswereconstantlyperforminginamostconsciousfashion.Fromtimetotimehelookeddownrespectfullyathisattire.Hesatwithahandoneachknee,likeamanwaitinginabarber’sshop.Theglanceshedevotedtootherpassengerswerefurtiveandshy.

Thebridewasnotpretty,norwassheveryyoung.Sheworeadressofbluecashmere,withsmallreservationsofvelvethereandthere,andwithsteelbuttonsabounding.Shecontinuallytwistedherheadtoregardherpuffsleeves,verystiff,andhigh.Theyembarrassedher.Itwasquiteapparentthatshehadcooked,andthatsheexpectedtocook,dutifully.Theblushescausedbythecarelessscrutinyofsomepassengersasshehadenteredthecarwerestrangetoseeuponthisplain,under-classcountenance,whichwasdrawninplacid,almostemotionlesslines.

Theywereevidentlyveryhappy.“Everbeeninaparlor-carbefore?”heasked,smilingwithdelight.

“No.”sheanswered;“Ineverwas.It’sfine,isn’tit?”

“Great!Andthenafterawhilewe’llgoforwardtothedinnerandgetabiglay-out.Freshmealintheworld.Chargeadollar.”

“Oh,dothey?”criedthebride.“Chargeadollar?Why,that’stoomuch—forus—aren’tit,Jack?”

“Northistrip,anyhow,”heansweredbravely.“We’regoingtogothewholething.”

Laterheexplainedtoheraboutthetrains.“Yousee,it’sathousandmilesfromoneendofTexastotheother;andthisrunsrightacrossit,andneverstopsbutfourtimes.”Hehadtheprideofanowner.Hepointedouttoherthedazzlingfittingsofthecoach;andintruthhereyesopenedwiderandshecontemplatedthesea-greenfiguredvelvet,theshiningbrass,silver,andglass,thewoodthatgleamedasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil.Atoneendabronzefiguresturdilyheldasupportforaseparatedchamber,andatconvenientplacesontheceilingwerefrescosinoliveandsilver.

Tothemindsofthepair,theirsurroundingsreflectedthegloryoftheirmarriagethatmorninginSanAntonio;thiswastheenvironmentoftheirnewestate;andtheman’sfaceinparticularbeamedwithanelationthatmadehimappearridiculoustotheNegroporter.Thisindividualattimessurveyedthemfromafarwithanamusedandsuperiorgrin.Onotheroccasionshebulliedthemwithskillinwaysthatdidnotmakeitexactlyplaintothemthattheywerebeingbullied.Hesubtlyusedallthemannersofthemostunconquerablekindofsnobbery.Heoppressedthem.Butofthisoppressiontheyhadsmallknowledge,andtheyspeedilyforgotthatinfrequentlyanumberoftravelerscoveredthemwithstaresofderisiveenjoyment.Historicallytherewassupposedtobesomethinginfinitelyhumorousintheirsituation.

“WearedueinYellowSkyat3:42.”hesaid,lookingtenderlyintohereyes.

“Oh,arewe?”shesaid,asifshehadnotbeenawareofit:Toevince（表現(xiàn)出）surpriseatherhusband’sstatementwaspartofherwifelyamiability.Shetookfromapocketalittlesilverwatch;andasshehelditbeforeher,andstaredatitwithafrownofattention,thenewhusband’sfaceshone.

“IboughtitinSanAntonfromafriendofmine,”hetoldhergleefully.

“It'sseventeenminutespasttwelve,”shesaid,lookingupathimwithakindofshyandclumsycoquetry（調(diào)情；賣俏）.Apassenger,notingthisplay,grewexcessivelysardonic,andwinkedathimselfinoneofthenumerousmirrors.

Atlasttheywenttothedining-car.TworowsofNegrowaiters,inglowingwhitesuits,surveyedtheirentrancewiththeinterest,andalsotheequanimity,ofmenwhohadbeenforewarned.Thepairfelltothelotofawaiterwhohappenedtofeelpleasureinsteeringthemthroughtheirmeal.Heviewedthemwiththemannerofafatherlypilot,hiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolence.Thepatronage,entwinedwiththeordinarydeference,wasnotplaintothem.Andyet,astheyreturnedtotheircoach,theyshowedintheirfacesasenseofescape.

1.Thedescriptionofthecouple’sclothesandbehavioratthebeginningofthepassageseemstoindicatethattheyhadasenseof（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdepictstheinteriorofthecoach?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeofotherpeopleonthetraintowardsthecouple?

4.Whichofthefollowingcontainsametaphor?

5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatinthedining-car（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.secrecy

B.elation

C.superiority

D.awkwardness

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Modern.

B.Luxurious.

C.Practical.

D.Complex.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyregardedthecoupleasanobjectoffun.

B.Theyexpressedindifferencetowardsthecouple.

C.Theywereverycuriousaboutthecouple.

D.Theyshowedfriendlinesstowardsthecouple.

問題4選項(xiàng)

Alikeamanwaitinginabarber’sshop

Bhiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolence

Csweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice

Dasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thewaitersweresnobbish

B.thecouplefeltillatease

C.theservicewassatisfactory

D.thecoupleenjoyedtheirdinner

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文前半部分分別對(duì)這對(duì)黑人夫婦的描述“他坐在那里像一個(gè)在理發(fā)店等待的人。他向其他乘客投去的目光是偷偷摸摸的、害羞的。他們使她很尷尬。當(dāng)她上車時(shí)，有些乘客漫不經(jīng)心地打量著她，這讓她羞紅了臉。這副相貌平平的下層階級(jí)的臉蛋，原本線條簡單，幾乎沒有什么表情，使得臉上的紅暈很奇怪。”通過這些信息我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這對(duì)夫婦很不自然，所以作者描寫他們的著裝和行為是為了體現(xiàn)出他們的尷尬，笨拙。所以選項(xiàng)D“awkwardness”正確。secrecy“秘密”；elation“興高采烈，得意洋洋”；superiority“優(yōu)越”，其他選項(xiàng)均不正確。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。原文第九自然段提到了火車內(nèi)部的裝飾，“thedazzlingfittings令人眼花繚亂的設(shè)施”，“thesea-greenfiguredvelvet,theshiningbrass,silver,andglass,thewoodthatgleamedasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil.海綠色的天鵝絨、閃閃發(fā)光的黃銅、銀和玻璃，以及像油池表面一樣閃閃發(fā)光的木頭”，這些信息都表明，火車內(nèi)部的裝飾非常奢華。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第十自然段“...anumberoftravelerscoveredthemwithstaresofderisiveenjoyment.許多旅客用嘲弄的眼光望著他們?！庇纱丝芍?，火車上其他人對(duì)這對(duì)夫婦的態(tài)度是把他們當(dāng)做一個(gè)笑柄，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。metaphor指的是隱喻，暗喻。首先需要明確暗喻和明喻的區(qū)別，它們都有本體和喻體，但比喻詞有差別。明喻一般用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等比喻詞；暗喻一般不用這些比喻詞，直接將某一事物的名稱用于另一事物，通過比較形成。選項(xiàng)A和D可首先排除，因?yàn)樗鼈儗儆诿饔?。選項(xiàng)B不是比喻句，所以只有選項(xiàng)C正確，將地平線比作懸崖。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一個(gè)自然段，這對(duì)夫婦在餐車區(qū)遇到了一位服務(wù)員，服務(wù)員因?yàn)榉浅８吲d所以對(duì)他們很友好，但除了這位服務(wù)員之外，還有其他的服務(wù)員，在第二句的時(shí)候就提及“兩排穿著閃閃發(fā)光的白色西裝的黑人侍者，帶著事先得到警告的人的興趣和鎮(zhèn)定，盯著入口的地方?！币约白詈笠痪洹爱?dāng)他們回到自己車廂時(shí)，臉上流露出一種逃離的慶幸?！庇纱丝芍?，這對(duì)夫婦感到非常的不自在，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.翻譯題

GenerationJoblessThenumberofyoungpeopleoutofworkgloballyisnearlyasbigasthepopulationoftheUnitedStates

"YOUNGpeopleoughtnottobeidle.Itisverybadforthem,"saidMargaretThatcherin1984.Shewasright:therearefewworsethingsthatsocietycandotoitsyoungthantoleavetheminlimbo.

1.Thosewhostarttheircareersonthedolearemorelikelytohavelowerwagesandmorespellsofjoblessnesslaterinlife,becausetheyloseoutonthechancetoacquireskillsandself-confidenceintheirformativeyears.

Yetmoreyoungpeopleareidlethanever.OECDfiguressuggestthat26m15-to24-year-oidsindevelopedcountriesarenotinemployment,educationortraining;thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobhasrisenby30%since2007.TheInternationalLabourOrganisationreportsthat75myoungpeoplegloballyarelookingforajob.WorldBanksurveyssuggestthat262myoungpeopleinemergingmarketsareeconomicallyinactive.Dependingonhowyoumeasurethem,thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobisnearlyaslargeasthepopulationofAmerica(311m).

2.Twofactorsplayabigpart.First,thelongslowdownintheWesthasreduceddemandforlabour,anditiseasiertoputoffhiringyoungpeoplethanitistofireolderworkers.Second,inemergingeconomiespopulationgrowthisfastestincountrieswithdysfunctionallabourmarkets,suchasIndiaandEgypt.

Theresultisan"areofunemployment",fromsouthernEuropethroughnorthAfricaandtheMiddleEasttoSouthAsia,wheretherichworld'srecessionmeetsthepoorworld'syouthquake.TheangeroftheyoungjoblesshasalreadyburstontothestreetsintheMiddleEast.Violentcrime,generallyindeclineintherichworld,isrisinginSpain,ItalyandPortugal—countrieswithstartlinglyhighyouthunemployment.

Willgrowthgivethemajob?

Themostobviouswaytotacklethisproblemistoreignitegrowth.Thatiseasiersaidthandoneinaworldplaguedbydebt,andisanywayonlyapartialanswer.Thecountrieswheretheproblemisworst(suchasSpainandEgypt)sufferedfromhighyouthunemploymentevenwhentheireconomiesweregrowing.

3.Throughouttherecessioncompanieshavecontinuedtocomplainthattheycannotfindyoungpeoplewiththefightskills.Thisunderlinestheimportanceoftwoothersolutions:reforminglabourmarketsandimprovingeducation.Thesearefamiliarprescriptions,butonesthatneedtobedeliveredwithbothanewvigourandanewtwist.

Youthunemploymentisoftenatitsworstincountrieswithrigidlabourmarkets.Cartelisedindustries,hightaxesonhiring,strictrulesaboutfiring,highminimumwages:allthesehelpcondemnyoungpeopletothestreetcomer.SouthAfricahassomeofthehighestunemploymentsouthoftheSahara,inpartbecauseithaspowerfultradeunionsandrigidrulesabouthiringandfiring.Manycountriesintheareofyouthunemploymenthavehighminimumwagesandheavytaxesonlabour.Indiahasaround200lawsonworkandpay.

Deregulatinglabourmarketsisthuscentraltotacklingyouthunemployment.Butitwillnotbeenoughonitsown.Britainhasaflexiblelabourmarketandhighyouthunemployment.Incountrieswithbetterrecords,governmentstendtotakeamoreactiveroleinfindingjobsforthosewhoarestruggling.Germany,whichhasthesecond-lowestlevelofyouthunemploymentintherichworld,paysaproportionofthewagesofthelongtermunemployedforthefirsttwoyears.TheNordiccountriesprovideyoungpeoplewith"personalisedplans"togetthemintoemploymentortraining.ButthesepoliciesaretooexpensivetoreproduceinsouthernEurope,withtheirmillionsofunemployed,letalonetheemergingworld.

4.Acheaperapproachistoreformlabour-hungrybitsoftheeconomv—forexample,bymakingiteasierforsmallbusinessestogetlicences,orconstructioncompaniestogetapprovalforprojects,orshopstostayopenintheevening.

ThegraduateglutAcrosstheOECD,peoplewholeftschoolattheearliestopportunityaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasuniversitygraduates.Butitisunwisetoconcludethatgovernmentsshouldsimplycontinuewiththeestablishedpolicyofboostingthenumberofpeoplewhograduatefromuniversity.InbothBritainandtheUnitedStatesmanypeoplewithexpensiveliberal-artsdegreesarefindingitimpossibletogetdecentjobs.InnorthAfricauniversitygraduatesaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates.

5.Whatmattersisnotjustnumberofyearsofeducationpeopleget,butitscontent.Thismeansexpandingthestudyofscienceandtechnologyandclosingthegapbetweentheworldofeducationandtheworldofwork—forexamplebyupgradingvocationalandtechnicaleducationandbyforgingcloserrelationsbetweencompaniesandschools.Germany’slong-establishedsystemofvocationalschoolingandapprenticeshipsdoesjustthat.Othercountriesarefollowingsuit:SouthKoreahasintroduced“meister”schools,Singaporehasboostedtechnicalcolleges,andBritainisexpandingapprenticeshipsandtryingtoimprovetechnicaleducation.

Closingthegapwillalsorequireachangeofattitudefrombusiness.Somecompanies,rangingfromIBMandRolls-RoycetoMcDonald’sandPremierInn,arerevampingtheirtrainingprogrammes,butthefearthatemployeeswillbepoacheddiscouragesfirmsfrominvestingintheyoung.Therearewaysofgettingaroundtheproblem:groupsofemployerscanco-operatewithcollegestodesigntrainingcourses,forexample.6.Technologyisalsoreducingthecostoftraining:programmesdesignedaroundcomputergamescangiveyoungsterssomevirtualexperience,andonlinecoursescanhelpapprenticescombineon-the-jobtrainingwithacademicinstruction.

Theproblemofyouthunemploymenthasbeengettingworseforseveralyears.Butthereareatlastsomereasonsforhope.7.Governmentsaretryingtoaddressthemismatchbetweeneducationandthelabourmarket.Companiesarebeginningtotakemoreresponsibilityforinvestingintheyoung.Andtechnologyishelpingdemocratiseeducationandtraining.Theworldhasarealchanceofintroducinganeducation-and-trainingrevolutionworthyofthescaleoftheproblem.

【答案】1.那些靠救濟(jì)金過活的人工資更低，人生后期也會(huì)經(jīng)歷更多次的失業(yè)，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谛愿裥纬善谝呀?jīng)失去了獲得技能和自信的機(jī)會(huì)。

2.有兩個(gè)因素起了很大作用。首先，西方的長期放緩生產(chǎn)速度減少了對(duì)勞動(dòng)力的需求，年輕人比老員工更容易被解雇。其次，在新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體中，勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)功能失調(diào)的國家，如印度和埃及，人口增長卻最快。

3.有些公司經(jīng)歷了衰退的整個(gè)過程，卻仍然抱怨找不到合適的年輕技術(shù)工人。這強(qiáng)調(diào)了另外兩個(gè)解決方案的重要性：改革勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)和改善教育。這些措施廣為人知，但是要做出這些改革，還需要新的勇氣和新策略。

4.更廉價(jià)的方法是改革經(jīng)濟(jì)中急需勞動(dòng)力的企業(yè)——例如，簡化小型企業(yè)的注冊(cè)程序，簡化建筑公司招標(biāo)的審批程序，讓商店更容易地在晚上照常營業(yè)等等。

5.重要的不僅是人們受教育的年限，還有教育的內(nèi)容。這意味著擴(kuò)大科技研究，縮小理論教育和實(shí)際用工之間的差距。比如，可以通過升級(jí)職業(yè)教育和技術(shù)教育，將學(xué)校和公司更緊密地聯(lián)系起來等等方式加以實(shí)現(xiàn)。

6.應(yīng)用技術(shù)也可以減少培訓(xùn)成本：可將培訓(xùn)設(shè)計(jì)成電腦游戲，從而讓年輕人得到虛擬體驗(yàn)。同時(shí)，在線課程可以幫助學(xué)徒把在職培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容與大學(xué)課程融合起來。

7.政府正努力解決教育和勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)之間的不匹配問題。公司開始在投資年輕人方面承擔(dān)起更多的責(zé)任。應(yīng)用某些技術(shù)也有助于推行教育和培訓(xùn)的民主化。

4.單選題

Thelightistoo（）formetoread.Icannotstandanymore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rid

B.ripe

C.soup

D.dim

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rid“得到解脫的”；B選項(xiàng)ripe“熟的，成熟的”；C選項(xiàng)soup“使振作;打扮”；D選項(xiàng)dim“暗淡的，昏暗的”。句意：光線太昏暗我沒法看書。我再也受不了了。根據(jù)后半句句意“我再也受不了了”可知，D符合題意。

5.單選題

Thegirlwas（）Juliaafterhergrandmother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appointed

B.named

C.nominated

D.elected

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appoint“任命；指定”；B選項(xiàng)name“命名；指定”；C選項(xiàng)nominate“推薦；提名”；D選項(xiàng)elect“選舉；選擇”。句意：這個(gè)女孩以她祖母的名字……為朱莉婭。此處是說的起名，B選項(xiàng)name正確。

6.翻譯題

WehavenoideaifonlineadsworkInthesummerof2003,ViacomexecutiveMelKarmazinmanagedtosumupoldmedia’shorroroftheInternetwithoneofbusinesslore’sgreatestvulgaron-liners.Karmazin,aswaggeringformeradsalesmanandonetimeCBSCorporationpresident,hadmadeanexpeditiontocheckoutSiliconValley'shottestyoungupstart:Google.Sittinginthefuturesearchgiant’soffices,helistenedindismayasitsfounders,LarryPageandSergeyBrin,anditsCEO,EricSchmidt,detailedthemanywaystheircompanycouldtrackandanalyzetheeffectivenessofonlineadvertising.Thiscouldnotpossiblybegoodforbusiness,Karmazinthought,1.Ithadalwaysbeennearlyimpossibleformarketerstotellwhichoftheiradsworkedandwhichdidn’tandthelesstheyknew,themoreanetworklikeCBScouldchargefora30-secondspot.Artwasfarmoreprofitablethanscience.

Adecadelater,someonefinallyseemstobe,well,messingwithGoogle'sownbagoftricks.Lastyear,agroupofeconomistsworkingwitheBay’sinternalresearchlabissuedamassiveexperimentalstudywithasimplestartlingconclusion:Foralarge,well-knownbrand,searchadsareprobablyworthless.2.Thismonth,theirfindingswerere-releasedasaworkingpaperbytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchandgreetedwitharoundofcoverageaskingwhetherInternetadvertisingofanykindworksatall.

“Weknowalotlessthantheadvertisingindustrywouldlikeustothinkweknow,"StevenTadelis,oneoftheeBaystudy’sco-authors,toldme.

AskGoogle.FacebookorTwitter,ofcourse,andthey’llreliablybustoutthird-partyresearchexplainingthattheiradsworkjustfine,evenifconsumersdon’talwaysclickonthem.Anentireecosystemofanalyticscompanies,includingbignameslikeComScoreandNielsen,hasevolvedtotellclientswhichonlineadvertisementsgivethemthebiggestbangfortheirbucks,Especiallycutting-edgefirms,suchasDialogic.Haveevenfoundwaystodrawcorrelationsbetweentheadsconsumersseeonlineandwhattheybuyinstores.Weareswimmingindata.3.AndthereareplentyofprofessionalsouttherehappytotellcorporateAmericawhatallthatdatameans,withthehelpofsomefancymathematicalmodels.

Theproblem,accordingtoTadelisandothers,isthatmuchofthedatawebsitesgenerateismoreorlessuseless.Someoftheproblemsarepracticallyasoleasmarkingitself.Forinstance,companiesliketorunlargeadcampaignsduringmajorshoppingseasons,likeChristmas.ButifsalesdoublecomeDecember,it’shardtosaywhethertheadortheholidaywasresponsible.Companiesalsounderstandablyliketotargetaudiencestheythinkwilllikewhatthey’reselling.Butthatalwaysleadstothenaggingquestionofwhetherthecustomerwouldhavegoneandpurchasedtheproductregardless.Economistscallthisissue“endogeneity.”DerekThompsonattheAtlanticdubsittheI-was-gonna-buy-it-anywayproblem.”

ButtheInternetalsogunksupattemptsatanalysisinitsownspecialways.Forinstance,ifsomebodysearchesfor“Amazon,bananaslicer,”andclicksonasearchadthatpopsuprightnexttohisresults,chancesarehewouldhavemadeittoAmazon’ssitewithouttheextranudge.EvenifhenevertypedthewordAinzaon,hestillmighthavegottentothesitethroughthenaturalpowerofsearch.4.Intheend,itallcomesdowntotheevergreenchallengeofdistinguishingcorrelation(e.gaFaccebookusersawanadandthenboughtsomeshoes)fromcausation(e.g.,aFacebookuserboughtsomeshoesbecausehesawanad).

Thereis,however,awaytogetaroundthesehurdles.Runanalyticscompaniesdon’tdothat,relyinginsteadonelaboratestatisticalregressionsthattrytoflaweddata.Butit’stherouteTapeless—nowabusinessprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley—andhiscollaboratorstookwitheBay.5.Intheirfirsttest,theresearcherslookedatwhatwouldhappenifthecompanystoppedbuyingadsnexttoitsownname,whichseemedlikethemostobviouswasteofmoney.Todoso,theypulledtheadsfromYahooandMSNbutleftthemrunningonGoogle.Itturnedout,theadvertisingmadevirtuallynodifference.YeteBaywasspendingdollarseverytimeacustomerclickedanadinsteadofthelinksittingrightbelowit.

【答案】1.營銷人員通常幾乎不可能告訴他們哪些廣告有效，哪些沒有。而且他們知道得越少，像CBS這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)可能會(huì)在30秒內(nèi)索要越多的費(fèi)用。

2.本月，研究調(diào)查結(jié)果由國家經(jīng)濟(jì)研究局作為工作文件而重新發(fā)布，并引發(fā)了一輪關(guān)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)廣告是否有效的討論。

3.有很多專業(yè)人士樂于借助一些奇特的數(shù)學(xué)模型，告訴美國企業(yè)所有數(shù)據(jù)的含義。

4.最后，這一切都?xì)w結(jié)于一個(gè)長久的挑戰(zhàn)：區(qū)分相關(guān)性（比如，一個(gè)臉書用戶看了一個(gè)廣告，然后買了雙鞋）與因果關(guān)系（比如，一個(gè)臉書用戶買了一雙鞋，是因?yàn)榭吹搅艘粋€(gè)廣告）。

5.在第一次測(cè)試中，研究人員研究了如果該公司停止以自己的名義購買廣告將會(huì)發(fā)生什么，這似乎明顯浪費(fèi)了錢。

7.單選題

AftertheBostonMarathonbombings,theprocessbywhichbreakingnewsandinformationaregeneratedanddisseminatedlookedmoreraggedandexposedthanever:CNNstumbled,theNewYorkPostpaintedatargetonahigh-schooltrackathlete;Redditlaunchedafailedhuntforthebombers;andthenameofSunilTripathi,amissingBrownstudent,trendedonTwitterforallthewrongreasons.

Theissue,inpart,isvelocity:newshasnevermovedfasterthanitdoesnow,andfeweventsofthepastseveralyearshavecapturedAmerica’sattentionliketheBostonbombings.Everynewbitofinformationwasinstantly,indiscriminatelysuckedintothemediavacuum.Ifthereisamediumofthismoment,itisTwitter.

Twitter'sintrinsic,relentlessdrivingofthenewmakesitthequintessentialmediumofbreakingnews,particularlycombinedwithitscapacityforspreadingthatnewswithbreathtakingease.Byclicking"retweet,’youcanre-broadcastatweetfromsomebodytoallofyourfollowers.Atweet,andtheinformationitcontains,cangoviralinseconds.Socanmisinformation,ascountlesscelebritieskilledbyTwittercanattest.AndthemechanicsofTwitterofferonlyawkwardpartialsolutionstothatproblem.TheWiredwriterMatHonan,likemanyothers,re-blastedatweetreferringtoSunilTripathias"Suspect#2"intheBostonbombings.Thatinformationwasgravelywrong,but,asHonandescribes,therewaslittlehecoulddotopreventitfromself-perpetuating.

Deeplydisturbedbythisinabilitytocorrectviralmisinformation,HonanproposesthatTwittershouldhaveacorrectionmechanismthatallowsuserstoeditandrebroadcasttweetsaftertheyareposted.Theoriginaltweetwouldremainintactwithinthecorrectedtweet,soitwouldnotsimplyvanishintoahole;therewouldbeaccountability.ThisimpulsetoregulatetheinformationeconomyofTwitterandensurethatdataandnewsisascorrectaspossibleisunderstandable.ButitwouldruinTwitterasweknowit.

ForallofthewaysinwhichTwitterhasevolvedsinceitscreation,in2006,whenitwasknownas“twttr,”whathasnotchangedishowprofoundlyTwitterreliesonnowness.Nownessisnotsimplynewness,orthenew:thequestionTwitterusedtoaskofuserswhentheywenttocomposeatweet,“What’shappening?”isadirectinquiryaboutthestateofnow.Twitter’sintensefocusonimmediacyhasmanifestedinmanysmallways—forinstance,userscanonlyseetheirthreethousandmostrecenttweets(andtheserviceonlyrecentlyaddedtheabilityforuserstodownloadtheirentireTwitterarchiveandconductsearchesoftweetsfromthepast).But,mostimportant,whenauserlogsintoTwitter,whattheyseeisaraw,unfilteredstream,withthenewestcontentattheverytop.Facebook,bycontrast,showsusersacuratedfeed;thetopofthefeedisnotwhat'snew,itiswhatthealgorithmsthinkisbest.

Twitterasamediumissointentlyboundtothenowthatintroducingcontentnotofthismomentisdisruptive—it’sactuallysomethingofapranktoresurfacesomeone’stweetsfromthedistantpast,eitherbyretweetingorfavoritingthem.MyfriendandIdidthattoeachotheryesterday,retweetingaseriesofstufffromseveralmonthsago;theyarrivedinmyfeedandhers,rippedawayfromanysenseofcontext.Itfeltembarrassing.(Thisworks,thoughslightlylesspowerfully,onothersocialnetworksthatutilizestreamsandemphasizethepresent.)

Oneofthewayswe'relearningtodealwiththetrade-offsinherenttoreal-timestreamsisaburgeoningself-awarenessoftheirpotentialtospreadmisinformationinhalfaheartbeat.Amechanismthatpurportstomakethatstreammoreaccurate—eventhoughacorrectionsbuttonwouldnotfullypreventbadinformationfromspreading—wouldlullustowardamorecomplacent,lesscriticalviewofthatstream.AsNickKallen,aformersystemsengineeratTwitter,writes,"We'redealingwithanewmedium.Ithassomeaspectsofconversation,andsomeofbroadcast,someaspectsoflivetelevision,andsomeof(anedited)newspaper.Butitisnoneofthesethingsallatthesametime."

Twitterisnow,allthetime.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribetheessenceofTwitteraccordingtothetext?

2.Honan'spropositiononTwitterindicatesthat（）

3.WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenTwitterandFacebookaccordingtothetext?

4.Whydoestheauthorsay"it’sactuallysomethingofapranktoresurfacesomeone’stweetsfromthedistantpast”？

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesauthor’sopinion?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Findingfriendsandestablishingrelationship.

B.Spreadingnewsrelentlessintheeasiestway.

C.Makingrumorandtruthtrendedinitstimeline.

D.Communicatingbetweenfollowersandhosts.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.misinformationcanbewellsolvedunderthemechanicsofTwitter.

B.abettercorrectionmechanismmustbeappliedtopreventtheinformationonTwittergoingviral.

C.littlecanusersdonowtopreventrumorsonTwitterfromself-perpetuating.

D.Twitterisinefficientinprovidingbreakingnewsinformation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TwittershowsaunfilteredstreamforuserswhileFacebookshowsacuratedone.

B.TwitterandFacebookareusingdifferentalgorithmstofiltercontents.

C.TwitterprovidesnewsfeedswhileFacebookshowsthebestinformation.

D.TwitteroffersonlypartialsolutionsonmisinformationwhileFacebookhasabetteralgorithmtosolvetheproblem.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethecontentsareretweetedorfavoritedbyhisfriends.

B.BecauseTwitteremphasizethepresentthatcontentnotofthenowisdisruptive.

C.Becausetheinformationexchangedcomesfromseveralmonthsago.

D.Becauseitworksonothersocialnetworksaswell.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Wearegettingamorecomplacent,lesscriticalviewbyusingTwitter.

B.WeshouldbeawareofthepotentialofTwittertospreadmisinformation.

C.Twitterreliesonnewnesswhichequalstothestateofnow.

D.Twittershouldhaveacorrectionmechanismforuserstoedittweetstheyhaveposted.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.判斷推理題。第二段指出“newshasnevermovedfasterthanitdoesnow”，現(xiàn)在信息的傳播速度之快超過往。第三段指出“...combinedwithitscapacityforspreadingthatnewswithbreathtakingease”，結(jié)合它驚人的傳播新聞的能力……。由此可知B項(xiàng)“以最簡單的方式不間斷地傳播新聞”正確。

第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章多處提到Honan對(duì)于Twitter的提議。第四段指出：...thisinabilitytocorrectviralmisinformation，沒有能力糾正病毒性錯(cuò)誤信息。...Twittershouldhaveacorrectionmechanismthatallowsuserstoeditandrebroadcasttweetsaftertheyareposted，Twitter應(yīng)該有一個(gè)修正機(jī)制，允許用戶在發(fā)布推文后編輯和轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。...ensurethatdataandnewsisascorrectaspossibleisunderstandable，確保數(shù)據(jù)和新聞盡可能的正確且可以理解。因此，B項(xiàng)“應(yīng)設(shè)立糾錯(cuò)程序，以防止通過推特網(wǎng)傳播病毒信息”正確。

第3題:3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段指出“But,mostimportant,whenauserlogsintoTwitter,whattheyseeisaraw,unfilteredstream,withthenewestcontentattheverytop.Facebook,bycontrast,showsusersacuratedfeed;thetopofthefeedisnotwhat’snew”，但是，最重要的是，當(dāng)用戶登錄Twitter時(shí)，他們看到的是原創(chuàng)的、未經(jīng)處理的信息流，最新鮮的內(nèi)容放在首頁頭條。相比之下，F(xiàn)acebook提供給用戶的是經(jīng)過加工處理的東西，而且放在首頁的頭條也不是最新信息。因此，A項(xiàng)“推特網(wǎng)向用戶提供的是未經(jīng)處理的信息流，臉譜網(wǎng)提供的則是經(jīng)過加工處理的東西”正確。

第4題:4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章倒數(shù)第三段第一句提到：Twitter十分專注于當(dāng)下，非當(dāng)下的內(nèi)容則是破壞性的（sointentlyboundtothenowthatintroducingcontentnotofthismomentisdisruptive）。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章多處能體現(xiàn)作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。如第三段指出“...combinedwithitscapacityforspreadingthatnewswithbreathtakingease（結(jié)合它驚人的傳播新聞的能力）”。第四段指出“…thisinabilitytocorrectviralmisinformation（沒有能力糾正病毒性錯(cuò)誤信息）”。第五段指出“Twitter,whattheyseeisaraw,unfilteredstream,withthenewestcontentattheverytop（在推特網(wǎng)上，看到的是原創(chuàng)的、未經(jīng)處理的信息流，最新鮮的內(nèi)容放在首頁頭條）”。由此可以看出，C項(xiàng)“推特網(wǎng)注重新奇與時(shí)效性”正確。

8.單選題

Howcanwefinishtheworkinthe（）ofanyotherhelpers?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shortage

B.haste

C.deficiency

D.absence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)shortage“缺乏，不足”。B選項(xiàng)haste“匆忙，急忙”。C選項(xiàng)deficiency“缺陷，缺點(diǎn)”。D選項(xiàng)absence“缺席，缺少，沒有”。句意：如果沒有其他幫手，我們?cè)趺茨芡瓿?/p>