2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)73

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Fortensofthousandsofprofoundlydeafadultsandchildrenworldwide,cochleaimplantshaveprovidedausefulsubstitutefornaturalhearing.Thesedeviceselectricallystimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlea,enablingmanyuserstocarryonaconversationwithoutvisualcues,suchasoverthetelephone.Butforthepatientswhosenerveendingshavedegeneratedorwhoseauditorynerveshavebeendestroyed,theonlyhopeforrestoringhearingistoaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.

AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.Likeacochleaimplant,itconsistsofanexternalspeechprocessorandareceiverimplantedunderthescalp.Butthewiresfromthereceiverbypassthecochleaandinsteadtravelallthewaytothebrainstem.Theyendinanarrayofsixiridiummicroelectrodesthatpenetratetheventralcochleanucleus,oneoftheauditorycentersthatnormallyreceiveinputfromthecochlea.TheimplantisnotmeanttoenableMcCerry’scattohear,itsnaturalhearingisinfactstillintact.RatherMcCreeyrecordstheneuralsignalstheimplantproducesandfindsthatthesignalsconveythefrequencycodedinformationappropriateforthecomprehensionofspeech.

Initscurrentformthebrainstemimplantfeaturesanarrayofeightflatelectricalcontactsthataresimplyplacedagainstthesurfaceofthebrainstemneartheventralcochleanucleus.Therecipientsofthesedevices—about150peopleglobally—getenoughauditoryinformationtoimprovetheirlip-readingskillsandtoperceiveenvironmentalsounds,buttheyrarelyattaingoodspeechcomprehensionintheabsenceofvisualcues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.What’sthegoalofCaliforniaresearchersmentionedinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhydoesDouglasMcCreeryshowoffacat?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Cochleaimplants.

B.Reasonsofdeaf

C.Anewauditoryremedy.

D.Structureoftheauditorysystem.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tofindanewmethodofcochlearimplant.

B.Tostimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlear.

C.Tostudycat’scochlea.

D.Toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toadvocatepeopletoprotectanimals.

B.Tocurethecat'shearingloss.

C.Tocarryoutcochlearimplantonthecat.

D.Togiveadisplayofthenewdevice

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，開頭提到了耳蝸植入裝置使許多使用者能夠在沒有視覺提示的情況下進(jìn)行交談，但對于神經(jīng)末梢退化或聽覺神經(jīng)受損的患者卻沒用。因此加州的研究人員正在研究一種可以直接插入大腦的植入式耳蝸。接下來的內(nèi)容則是具體的這項(xiàng)新的研究，所以選項(xiàng)C“一種新的聽覺療法”最能概括全文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.現(xiàn)在，加州的研究人員正準(zhǔn)備這樣做，這是一種可以直接插入大腦的植入式耳蝸?！痹闹械摹皌hat”即上文提到的“toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.進(jìn)入聽覺系統(tǒng)的后期?！彼赃x項(xiàng)D正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.加州神經(jīng)生理學(xué)家DouglasMcCreey展示了一只已經(jīng)在使用這種新設(shè)備的貓?！庇纱丝芍?，DouglasMcCreery實(shí)際上是在展示新的設(shè)備，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.單選題

Thisbookwasaworkofsuch（

）thatittook20yearstowrite.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnitude

B.extent

C.degree

D.amount

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)magnitude“大小，量級(jí)”；B選項(xiàng)extent“程度，范圍”；C選項(xiàng)degree“程度，等級(jí)”；D選項(xiàng)amount“數(shù)量，總額”。句意：這本書是如此龐大的一個(gè)作品，以致于花了20年才寫成。選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

勞動(dòng)仲裁類似于中世紀(jì)手工業(yè)行會(huì)的調(diào)停話動(dòng)，它是多步驟申述體制之最終結(jié)果。

盡管信托關(guān)系可以口頭創(chuàng)立，但卻一般是經(jīng)書面文件形式確認(rèn)。

破壞環(huán)境之行為可以被法律規(guī)定為犯罪。

因股東大會(huì)不夠法定人數(shù)，故該決議被認(rèn)定無效。

【答案】Laborarbitration,similartothemediationactivitiesinthemedievalcraftguilds,isthefinalresultofmulti-steprepresentationsystem.

Atrustmaybecreatedorally,butusuallyissetupinawrittenform.

Anactthatisdestructivetotheenvironmentmaybecriminalizedbystatue.

Theresolutionwasinvalidbecausetheshareholder'smeetingwasnotquorate.

4.單選題

Withthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,aninternationalmediumofexchangeisrequired.Fromthelate1800suntilWorldWarI,mostcountriesoperatedonthegoldstandard.Goldcoinsofstandardspecificationscirculatedfreelybetweencountries,makinggoldineffectaninternationalcurrency.Thissystemprovidedanautomaticcorrectionforsometradeimbalances,butithadlittleliquidity(themoneysupplycouldnotexpandasrapidlyasrequiredbyexpandingtrade),anditwasvulnerablytoshort-termchangesinthegoldsupply.

Afterthefinancialstabilityofthe1930s，theinternationalmonetarysystemwasre-builtfollowingWorldWarIIonthegold-exchangestandard.ThevaluesofmostnationalcurrencieswerefixedinrelationtotheUSdollar,reserveswerekeptindollars,whichwouldbeexchangedondemandforgoldatasetprice($35anounceuntil1968).TheInternationalMonetaryFund,akeyinstitutionsetupunderthissystem,makesinternationalloanswithcapitalsubscribedbyitsmembers,whichincludemostnoncommuniststates.Votingrightsareproportionaltotheamountssubscribed.TheIMFhasbeenable,throughitsloans,tostabilizefluctuatingcurrenciesandtoinfluencetheinternalfinancialpoliciesofrecipientcountries,afrequentlycriticizedpractice.

Thesuccessofthegoldexchangestandard,however,dependedonthesuperiorpositionoftheUSinworldtrade.Inthe1960s,continualbalancepaymentsdeficitsloweredUSgoldreservesandfatallyunderminedthesystem.In1968atwo-tieredsystemwasadopted.Governmentbanksmaintainedafixedgoldprice,whilenonegovernmentalbuyerstradedfreely.Simultaneously,non-dollarspecialdrawingrightwereassignedtoIMFmembersinproportiontotheircontributions.Butthesechangesdidn’trelievethestrainontheUSdollar.In1971PresidentRichardNixonannouncedthatdollarswouldnolongerautomaticallybeexchangedforgold,andsincethentherehasbeennosingleinternationalmonetarystandard.

1.SinceWorldWarIItheinternationalmonetarysystemhasshownanoveralltrendtoward（

）.

2.Thereasonwhythegoldstandardhadlimitedliquidityisprobablebecause

（

）.

3.Thegold-exchangestandarddiffersfromthegoldstandardinthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.greatercentralizecontrolofworldtrade.

B.tryingthevalueofworldcurrenciesratherthanthevalueofgoldsupply

C.increasinglystablecurrencies

D.substitutingseveraldifferentmonetarystandardsforasingleunifiedstandard

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.themoneysupplycouldnotincreasefasterthanthetrade

B.themoneysupplyvariedindependentlyofthegoldsupply

C.itwasimpossibletoconvertthecurrencyofonecountryintothatofanother

D.anation’scurrencycouldnotbefreelyconvertedintogold

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itdoesnotestablishagenerallyacceptedinternationalmediumofexchange

B.itestablishesnorelationshipbetweenthevalueofagivencurrencyandthevalueofgold

C.therelationshipitestablishesbetweenthevalueofanycurrencyandwhateverthevalueofgoldisindirectratherthandirect.

D.itisatwo-tieredratherthanasingle-tieredsystem.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，原文第一段講了金本位制下黃金作為國際貨幣的不足之處；第二段提到國際貨幣體系取代黃金作為國際貨幣交換的媒介；再根據(jù)第三段最后一句“sincethentherehasbeennosingleinternationalmonetarystandard.從那時(shí)起，就沒有單一的國際貨幣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。”也就是說出現(xiàn)了多種貨幣體系來代替統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“butithadlittleliquidity(themoneysupplycouldnotexpandasrapidlyasrequiredbyexpandingtrade).但它幾乎沒有流動(dòng)性(貨幣供應(yīng)不能像擴(kuò)大貿(mào)易所需要的那樣迅速擴(kuò)張)?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“ThevaluesofmostnationalcurrencieswerefixedinrelationtotheUSdollar,reserveswerekeptindollars,whichwouldbeexchangedondemandforgoldatasetprice.大多數(shù)國家貨幣的價(jià)值與美元掛鉤是固定的，外匯儲(chǔ)備以美元形式保存，這些美元將在黃金需求時(shí)以固定價(jià)格兌換?！庇纱丝芍?，金匯兌本位制區(qū)別于金本位制是由于它在任何貨幣價(jià)值和黃金價(jià)值之間所建立的關(guān)系不是直接的，而是間接的。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.單選題

NineofthetencampusesoftheUniversityofCalifornia—ledbyBerkeley―onceagainmadeitintoanannualrankingoftheworld’sleadinguniversities.All’swellinCaliforniahighereducation,itmightseem.

ButthatisnotwhatPatBrownorClarkKerrwouldsay,weretheyalivetoday.Theywere,respectively,governorofthestateandpresidentoftheUniversityofCaliforniain1960,whenCaliforniaadopteda“masterplan''thatbecameaninternationalmodel.Theiraimwasnotonlytohaveexcellentpublicuniversities,buttogivethestate’spopulationnearlyuniversalandfreeaccesstothem.Somepupilswouldso-calledcommunitycollegesforatwo-yearvocationalprogramme,othersoneofthe(now23)campusesoftheCaliforniaStateUniversity,andthebestmightgotoaUCcampus.

Inordertoassureaccessforall,tuitionchargeswerebanned—only“fees”forsomecostsotherthaneducationwereallowed.Mostfundingwastocomefromtaxpayers.Thepremisewasthathighereducationwasapublicgoodforthestate,whichwasnursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.AsMr.Kerrputit,theuniversitieswere“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry,withdrawingpowergreaterthanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.’’

Thatconsensushasbeenoverturned.In1990,thestatepaid78%ofthecostofeducatingeachstudent.Thatratiodroppedto47%lastyear,andwillfallevenmoreduringthecurrentacademicyear,afterthelatestroundofbudgetcuts,overseenbyJerryBrown,thecurrentgovernorandsonofPatBrown.Insomeways,CaliforniahasnowinvertedtheprioritiesoftheolderBrown’sera.Spendingonprisonspassedspendingonuniversitiesinaround2004.

Thishasledtoconcernsthatpublicuniversitiesmightlosetheirexcellence.Ittakesmoneytoattractthebestprofessors,andthebeststudentsfollowthem.Analternativetoworsepublicuniversities,however,isquasi-privatizedones.ThatseemstobetheroutetakeninCalifornia.

Thusstudentswillthisyear,forthefirsttime,paymorefortuitionthanthestategivesinfunding.ThisfollowsyearsoftuitionfeeincreasesfarsteeperthantheaverageatAmericanpublicuniversities.AplaceataUCcampuscaneasilynowcost$13,000,or$31000includinghousing,givenCalifornia’shighcosts.

Toraiseotherrevenues,thevariouscampusesalsoadmitevermoreout-of-statestudents(whopaythreetimesmore)and,targetrichgraduatesformoredonations.Ledbythebusinessandlawschools,theybehaveincreasinglylikeprivateuniversities,inotherwords.Thisstrategyretainspocketsofexcellence.Butitalsorunscountertothephilosophyofthemasterplan,bypricingevermoreCalifornianfamiliesoutofaplace.Thestatenowranks41stinthenumberofcollegedegreesawardedforevery100ofitshighschoolgraduates.

1.PatBrownandClarkKerrattemptedtosetupexcellentpublicuniversities,aswellas（

）.

2.WhatdoesMr.Kerrimplybysaying“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry(Line4,Para.3)?

3.Whatistheconcernonthepublicuniversitiessincethestatespendingonuniversitieshasdropped?

4.CampusesinCaliforniareceivestudentsfromotherstatesforthepurposeof

（

）.

5.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageabouthighereducationinCalifornia?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.buildinganinternationalmodelofuniversitiesaroundtheworld

B.competingwiththeso-calledcommunitycollegesinthestate

C.offeringcommonandfreeaccesstouniversitiestothestate'spopulation

D.providingatwo-yearvocationalprogramforthestate'spopulation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theuniversitiesfosterto-beelitesforindustry

B.Thetuitionfeesarebannedintheuniversities

C.Thehighereducationisastatewelfare

D.Theuniversitiesaremoreattractivethanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tobeunabletoattractthebestprofessors

B.Tobeunabletomaintaintheirexcellence

C.Tobehigh-priced

D.Tobequasi-privatized

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.gettingmoredonations

B.behavinglikeprivateuniversities

C.makingupshortageofgraduates

D.improvingotherearnings

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ChildrenfromCalifornianfamiliescan’tobtaintheeducationduetothehighcosts.

B.Ithasmovedtowardsprivateuniversitiesalongwithitsdevelopment.

C.Itisonlynursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.

D.Itproducesfewercompanyfounders,inventorsandtaxpayers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“PatBrownandClarkKerr”定位到第二段的內(nèi)容“Theiraimwasnotonlytohaveexcellentpublicuniversities,buttogivethestate’spopulationnearlyuniversalandfreeaccesstothem.他們的目標(biāo)不僅是擁有優(yōu)秀的公立大學(xué)，而且要讓該州的人口幾乎可以免費(fèi)進(jìn)入這些大學(xué)?！边x項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“bait”所在句子的上文“Thepremisewasthathighereducationwasapublicgoodforthestate,whichwasnursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.前提是高等教育是全州的一種公共利益，為未來培養(yǎng)自己的企業(yè)家和納稅人?！币簿褪钦f，大學(xué)是掛在工業(yè)面前的“誘餌”指的是大學(xué)培養(yǎng)工業(yè)精英。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段首句“Thishasledtoconcernsthatpublicuniversitiesmightlosetheirexcellence.”這導(dǎo)致人們擔(dān)心公立大學(xué)可能會(huì)失去它們的優(yōu)勢。也就是無法保持自己的優(yōu)勢，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Toraiseotherrevenues,thevariouscampusesalsoadmitevermoreout-of-statestudents.為了增加其他收入，各個(gè)校區(qū)還招收了越來越多的外州學(xué)生?！边x項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Ledbythebusinessandlawschools,theybehaveincreasinglylikeprivateuniversities,inotherwords.換句話說，在商學(xué)院和法學(xué)院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，它們（州立大學(xué)）的行為越來越像私立大學(xué)?！边x項(xiàng)B符合原文。選項(xiàng)A和C表述均不正確，選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及。

6.單選題

Heisactingas（

）whilethemanagerisawayonbusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agency

B.policy

C.deputy

D.colleague

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)agency“代理，中介”；B選項(xiàng)policy“政策，方針”；C選項(xiàng)deputy“代理人，代表”；D選項(xiàng)colleague“同事”。句意：經(jīng)理出差期間，由他作為代理人。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Itisa（

）thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.debate

B.dispute

C.dilemma

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)debate“辯論，討論”；B選項(xiàng)dispute“辯論，爭吵”；C選項(xiàng)dilemma“困境，進(jìn)退兩難”；D選項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：在如此富裕的國家竟然有那么多窮人，這是一個(gè)多么矛盾的事情。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

Accordingtothe“hygienehypothesis”firstproposedin1989,exposuretoavarietyofbacteria,virusesandparasiticwormsearlyinlifehelpsprimeachild’simmunesystem,muchlikesensoryexperiencesprogramhisbrain.Withoutsuchearlyinstruction,theimmunesystemmaygoindisorderandoverreactwithallergiestofoods,pollenandpetfurorturnonthebody’sowntissue,settingoffautoimmunedisorders.

Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called"oldfriends’’theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.“Thevastmajorityofmicrobesareharmless.Thereareonlyafewdozenthatcancauselethalinfections.”saysThomasMcDade,directoroftheLaboratoryforHumanBiologyResearchatNorthwesternUniversity.

In1998,aboutoneinfivechildreninindustrializedcountriessufferedfromallergicdiseasessuchasasthma,allergiesandrashes,accordingtotheInternationalStudyofAsthmaandAllergiesinChildhood,aglobalresearchinitiative.TheincidenceofpeanutallergyintheUStripledbetween1997and2008,accordingtoareportfromMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYork.ButsuchdiseasesarestillrelativelyrareinAfricaandruralAsia.“Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.”saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.

Exposuretoimmune-stimulatinggermsmayalsolowertheriskofheartdisease,accordingtoDr.McDade.Butthereareotherdangerslurkinginmuddywaterandanimalfaces.MichaelBell,aninfectiousdiseasespecialistanddeputydirectorofHealthcareQualityPromotionattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.“Ifyou’renotdoingittentimesaday,you'reprobablynotdoingitenough.”hesays.Butheandotherexpertssaythatregularsoapandwaterarefineinmostcases.Sterilizinghandsiscriticalmainlyforhealth-careworkersandinhospitals,wheredisease-causinggermsareprevalentandcaneasilyspread.

Manyexpertsadvisecommonsense.“Wedon’twanttosaytochildren.OK,playbythedirtyriverbankandcatchwhateveryoucan.”saysDr.Weinstocks."Butwecansaythere'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,andtheywon’tdiefromeatingsomethingoffthefloor.It’sprobablymorehealthythannot.”

1.The“hygienehypothesis”proposedthatexposuretovariousvirusesandgermsinearlychildhood（

）.

2.Whatifwelivewithoutanymicroorganisms?

3.AccordingtoFrenchresearchers,thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseases

（

）.

4.WhatdoesMichaelBellsuggestwedoindailylife?

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminateschildhooddiseasessuchasasthmaandallergies

B.provestobeanimportantpreventionagainstcancer

C.provestobenecessaryforthedevelopmentofimmunesystem

D.increasessusceptibilitytoallergicandautoimmunediseases

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wewillneverbeinvolvedintheallergies.

B.Wewilleradicatetheoutbreaksofmanyinfectiousdiseases.

C.Wemaymissanimportantpartofhumandevelopment.

D.Wemayfindnoeffectivemedicalcuretomanydisease.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hasnothingtodowiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

B.isexactlythesamewiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

C.iscompletelyoppositetothatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

D.showsnocomparabilitywiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becarefulaboutwoundcare.

B.Washhandswithin10timesaday.

C.Consulthealth-careworkers.

D.Sterilizeyourhandseveryday.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoplayindirtyplaces.

B.Moreeffortsshouldbemadeinpublichealth.

C.Parentsneedn’tworryaboutchildrenplayinginthedirt.

D.Excessivecleannessisrequiredathomebutnotoutdoors.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“根據(jù)1989年首次提出的“衛(wèi)生假說”，兒童在早期的生活中接觸各種細(xì)菌、病毒和寄生蟲，有助于兒童的免疫系統(tǒng)做好準(zhǔn)備，就像感官體驗(yàn)對大腦進(jìn)行編程一樣?！庇纱丝赏茢?，這個(gè)“衛(wèi)生假說”證明了免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的重要性，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段一二句“Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called“oldfriends”theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.許多微生物在數(shù)百萬年的時(shí)間里與人類共生進(jìn)化，這就是所謂的“老朋友”理論。但是，在它們被根除的地方，人類發(fā)展的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵部分就被拋棄了?！边x項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Frenchresearchers”定位到第三段最后一句“‘Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.’saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.‘過敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各種傳染病地理分布的一個(gè)鏡像?！环萦煞▏芯咳藛T撰寫的關(guān)于衛(wèi)生假說的報(bào)告稱?！辩R像與原像是相反的，這里是說他們的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MichaelBell”定位到倒數(shù)第二段第三句“MichaelBell,...,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.MichaelBell表示，人們應(yīng)該要注意傷口的護(hù)理，因?yàn)榧?xì)菌一旦進(jìn)入血液就會(huì)引發(fā)問題，他還提倡勤洗手?！边x項(xiàng)A符合原文；選項(xiàng)B和D不符合原文描述；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及，所以本題選A。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“...there'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,...孩子們在泥土里玩耍沒有什么錯(cuò)，他們不必生活在完全衛(wèi)生的環(huán)境中...”所以選項(xiàng)C“父母不必?fù)?dān)心孩子在泥土里玩?！狈显?。

9.單選題

Theactress（

）thetermsofhercontractandwassuedbytheproducer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isolated

B.signed

C.implemented

D.violated

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)isolated“使孤立，使分離”；B選項(xiàng)signed“署名，寫下”；C選項(xiàng)implemented“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行”；D選項(xiàng)violated“違反”。句意：這位女演員違反了合同條款，被制片人告上了法庭。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

10.單選題

The（

）bonesofanelderlypersonmayfractureeasily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slender

B.brittle

C.dense

D.firm

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)slender“細(xì)長的，苗條的”；B選項(xiàng)brittle“脆弱的”；C選項(xiàng)dense“稠密的”；D選項(xiàng)firm“堅(jiān)定的”。句意：老年人脆弱的骨頭可能容易折斷。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.單選題

Thepromiseoffindinglong-termtechnologicalsolutionstotheproblemofworldfoodshortagesseemsdifficulttofulfill.Manyinnovationsthatwereonceheavilysupportedandpublicized,suchasfish-proteinconcentrateandproteinfromalgaegrownonpetroleumsubstrates:hassincefallenbythewayside.Theproposalsthemselvesweretechnicallyfeasible;buttheyprovedtobeeconomicallyunviableandtoyieldfoodproductsculturallyunacceptabletotheirconsumers.Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.

Onecharacteristiccommontounsuccessfulfoodinnovationshasbeenthat,evenwithextensivegovernmentsupport,theyoftenhavenotbeentechnologicallyadaptedorculturallyacceptabletothepeopleforwhomtheyhadbeendeveloped.Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.Forexample,thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.

Theadoptionofnewfoodtechnologiesdependsonmorethanthesetechnicalandculturalconsiderations;economicfactorsandgovernmentalpoliciesalsostronglyinfluencetheultimatesuccessofanyinnovation.EconomistsintheAnglo-Americantraditionhavetakentheleadininvestigatingtheeconomicsoftechnologicalinnovation.Althoughtheyexaggerateinclaimingthatprofitabilityisthekeyfactorguidingtechnicalchange—theycompletelydisregardthesubstantialeffectsofculture—theyarecorrectinstressingtheimportanceofprofits.Mosttechnologicalinnovationsinagriculturecanbellyusedonlybylargelandownersandareonlyadoptediftheseprofit-orientedbusinesspeoplebelievethattheinnovationwillincreasetheirincomes.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwasabletoassessthetruthofwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutopaque-2maize?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasfactorsimportanttothesuccessofanewfoodcropEXCEPTthe（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theuseofAntarctickrillasafoodisaninnovationwhosefutureis（

）.

4.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagebestsupportswhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbestoredaseasilyasothervarietiesofmaize.

B.Itismorepopularthanthewheat-ryehybridtriticale.

C.Itproducestortillasofgreaterproteincontentthandoothervarietiesofmaize.

D.Itismoresusceptibletoinsectsthanareothervarietiesofmaize.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.practicalityofstorageofthecrop

B.securityofthecropyield

C.qualityofthecrop'sprotein

D.culturalacceptabilityofthecrop

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.basicallygloomybutstilluncertain

B.somewhatpromisingbutverytentative

C.generallybrightandvirtuallyassured

D.tiedtotheSuccessofopaque-2maize

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toomuchpublicitycanharmthechancesforthesuccessofanewfoodinnovation.

B.Innovationsthatproduceculturallyacceptablecropswillgenerallybesuccessful.

C.Afood-productinnovationcanbetechnicallyfeasibleandstillnotbeeconomicallyviable.

D.Itisdifficulttodecidewhetherafood-productinnovationhasactuallybeenasuccess.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.如果這種新玉米在文化上不能被接受，或者更容易受到昆蟲的侵害，那么用不透明2型玉米制成的玉米餅所含的蛋白質(zhì)盡管質(zhì)量較好，但對處于生存邊緣的家庭所帶來的利益將是有限的。”作者的重點(diǎn)在于強(qiáng)調(diào)它比其他玉米品種更容易受到昆蟲的侵害，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的二三句“Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.因此，一項(xiàng)成功的新技術(shù)必須適應(yīng)它所處的整個(gè)社會(huì)文化系統(tǒng)。作物產(chǎn)量的安全性、儲(chǔ)藏的實(shí)用性、風(fēng)味和成本都比以前新技術(shù)的倡導(dǎo)者所認(rèn)識(shí)到的要重要得多。”選項(xiàng)A，B，D均有所提及，所以本題選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Antarctickrill”定位到第一段最后一句“Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.最近的創(chuàng)新，如不透明玉米、南極磷蝦和黑小麥似乎更有希望，但現(xiàn)在預(yù)測它們的最終命運(yùn)還為時(shí)過早。”所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。第一段最后一句指出“itistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.現(xiàn)在預(yù)測它們的最終命運(yùn)還為時(shí)過早”。選項(xiàng)A在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)B太過于絕對；選項(xiàng)C表述過于片面，只有選項(xiàng)D能夠全面的概括第一段的內(nèi)容，所以正確。

12.單選題

Ifyougetintoabathfullofwater,someofthewaterwill（

）ontothefloor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overlap

B.overflow

C.flourish

D.flutter

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)overlap“與…重疊”；B選項(xiàng)overflow“溢出，泛濫”；C選項(xiàng)flourish“繁榮，茂盛，茁壯成長”；D選項(xiàng)flutter“飄動(dòng)，飛來飛去”。句意：如果你進(jìn)入一個(gè)充滿水的浴缸，水將會(huì)溢出到地板上。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.單選題

Eachmonth5Yuanis（

）frommysalaryforhouse-repairingpayment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excluded

B.expelled

C.compelled

D.docked

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)exclude“排除”；B選項(xiàng)expel“驅(qū)逐，開除”；C選項(xiàng)compel“強(qiáng)迫”；D選項(xiàng)dock“使靠碼頭，從（工資）中扣除（一部分的錢）”。句意：每個(gè)月從我的工資中扣去5元用于修房子。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

14.單選題

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.puthimthrough

B.turnedhimout

C.gavehimup

D.cuthimshort

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)putthrough“接通，完成”；B選項(xiàng)turnout“結(jié)果是”；C選項(xiàng)giveup“放棄”；D選項(xiàng)cutshort“打斷，縮減”。句意：杰克正要宣布我們的計(jì)劃，但我打斷了他。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

15.單選題

I'mafraidI（

）forgotherbirthday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pure

B.right

C.sheer

D.clean

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)pure“純粹的”；B選項(xiàng)right“正確的”；C選項(xiàng)sheer“完全，徹底”；D選項(xiàng)clean“干凈的”。句意：我恐怕完全忘記她的生日了。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

16.單選題

Anydriverstoppedbythepoliceforsomeminortraffic（

）canbeaskedtotaketestforalcoholicdrinking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.violation

B.accident

C.congestion

D.devastation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)violation“違反，妨礙”；B選項(xiàng)accident“事故，意外”；C選項(xiàng)congestion“擁擠”；D選項(xiàng)devastation“毀壞”。句意：任何因輕微交通違規(guī)而被警察攔下的司機(jī)都可能被要求參加酒精測試。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

17.單選題

Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthecoursewasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen（

）withthetheoreticalaspectsofthesubject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.embraced

B.adjusted

C.alternated

D.integrated

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)embrace“擁抱”；B選項(xiàng)adjust“調(diào)整”；C選項(xiàng)alternate“交替，輪流”；D選項(xiàng)integrate“使完整”。句意：這門課程吸引人的特點(diǎn)之一是實(shí)際工作與學(xué)科理論方面結(jié)合的方法。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

18.單選題

To（

）theriskoftheft,installagoodalarmsystem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decrease

B.minimize

C.limit

D.eliminate

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)decrease“減少，降低”；B選項(xiàng)minimize“最小化”；C選項(xiàng)limit“限制”；D選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：為了消除被盜的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，安裝一個(gè)好的報(bào)警系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

19.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

第二條：專利法所稱發(fā)明，是指對產(chǎn)品、方法或者其改進(jìn)所提出的新的技術(shù)方案。

綜上所述，原告認(rèn)為：原告與被告天津天利食品有限公司簽訂的借款合同及抵押合同合法有效，理應(yīng)全面、實(shí)際履行。

從廣義上來講，中國司法體系的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置由三大部分組成：人民法院系統(tǒng)、人民檢察院系統(tǒng)和公安機(jī)關(guān)系統(tǒng)。

本協(xié)議經(jīng)有關(guān)雙方如期簽署后生效，有效期為一年，從2010年2月1日至2011年1月31日。

【答案】Article2:Theinventioninpatentlawreferstothenewtechnicalsolutionputforwardtoproducts,methodsandtheirimprovement.

Asawhole,theaccuserbelievethatthecontractforloanandmortgagecontract,madebytheaccusera