新視野大學(xué)英語(第三版)讀寫教程1課后翻譯答案

新視野大學(xué)第三版英語課后翻譯答案Unit1原文：建立什么哲學(xué)體系，未曾設(shè)立什么學(xué)派，也未曾創(chuàng)立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就變得家喻戶曉了。翻譯：SocrateswasaclassicalGreekphilosopherwhoiscreditedwithlayingthefundamentalsofmodernWesternphilosophy.Heisamysteriousfigureknownchieflythroughtheaccountsoflaterclassicalwriters,especiallythewritingsofhismostfamousstudentPlato.Socrateshasbecomewellknownforhiscontributiontothefieldofethics.Hismethodofteaching,knownastheSocraticMethod,byaskingandansweringquestionstostimulatecriticalthinkingandtoexplainideasremainsacommonlyusedtoolinawiderangeofdiscussions.Healsomadeimportantandlastingcontributionstothefieldofepistemologyandlogic,andtheinfluenceofhisideasandapproachremainsastrongfoundationforWesternphilosophythatfollowed.Socrateswasthemostcolorfulfigureinthehistoryofancientphilosophy.Hisfamewaswidespreadinhisowntime,andhisnamesoonbecameahouseholdwordalthoughheconstructednophilosophicalsystem,establishednoschool,andfoundednosect.原文：1孔子是中國歷史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家的創(chuàng)始人，被尊稱為古代的圣人”。他的言論和生平活動(dòng)記錄在《論語》一書中。年的傳統(tǒng)文化?？鬃拥暮芏嗨枷?，尤其是其教育思想，對(duì)中國社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。在21世紀(jì)的今天，孔子的學(xué)說不僅受到中國人的重視，而且也越來越受到整個(gè)國際社會(huì)的重視。翻譯：ConfuciuswasagreatthinkerandeducatorinChinesehistory.HewasthefounderofConfucianismandwasrespectfullyreferredtoasanancient"sage".HiswordsandlifestorywererecordedinTheAnalects.AnenduringclassicofancientChineseculture,TheAnalectshashadagreatinfluenceonthethinkers,writers,andstatesmenthatcameafterConfucius.Withoutstudyingthisbook,onecouldhardlytrulyunderstandthethousands-of-years'traditionalChineseculture.MuchofConfucius'thought,especiallyhisthoughtoneducation,hashadaprofoundinfluenceonChinesesociety.Inthe21stcentury,ConfucianthoughtnotonlyretainstheattentionoftheChinese,butitalsowinsanincreasingattentionfromtheUnit2原文：12月25日慶祝這一節(jié)日。它是為了紀(jì)念耶穌基督的誕辰。該節(jié)日最早可追溯到公元336又是非宗教的節(jié)日，越來越多的非基督徒也慶祝圣誕節(jié)。如今，圣誕禮物、唱圣誕歌曲、參加教堂活動(dòng)、擺放各種圣誕裝飾品和圣誕樹、2個(gè)重大活動(dòng)和主要銷售季翻譯：Christmasisawidelyobservedculturalholiday,celebratedonDecember25bymillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.ItcommemoratesthebirthofJesusChrist.Thefestivaldatedfromasearlyas336AD.Graduallyitevolvedintoareligiousaswellassecularcelebration,celebratedbyanincreasingnumberofnon-Christians.TodayChristmasisobservedasanimportantfestivalandpublicholidayaroundtheworld.Christmascustomsdifferindifferentcountries.PopularmoderncustomsoftheholidayincludeanexchangeofChristmascardsandgifts,Christmassinging,churchattendance,thedisplayofvariousChristmasdecorationsandtrees,familygatherings,andaspecialmealpreparation.Tosmallchildren,thefestivalisfulloffantasyandsurprise.LegendhasitthatSantaClauswillentereachhousethroughthechimneyandbringgiftstowell-behavedchildrenonChristmasEve.Becausegift-givingandmanyotheraspectsoftheChristmasfestivalheighteneconomicactivityamongbothChristiansandnon-Christians,theholidayhasalsobecomeasignificanteventandakeysalesperiodforbusinesses.原文：每年農(nóng)歷八月十五是我國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日季的中期，所以被稱為中秋。中秋節(jié)的一項(xiàng)重要活動(dòng)是賞月。夜晚，人們賞明月、吃月餅，共慶中秋佳節(jié)。中秋節(jié)也是家庭團(tuán)圓的時(shí)刻，2008年起，中秋節(jié)成為中國的法定節(jié)假日翻譯：3AccordingtotheChineselunarcalendar,August15ofeveryyearisatraditionalChinesefestival—theMid-AutumnFestival.Thisdayisthemiddleofautumn,soitiscalledMid-Autumn.OneoftheimportantMid-AutumnFestivalactivitiesistoenjoythemoon.Onthatnight,peoplegathertogethertocelebratetheMid-AutumnFestival,lookingupatthebrightmoonandeatingmooncakes.Thefestivalisalsoatimeforfamilyreunion.Peoplelivingfarawayfromhomewillexpresstheirfeelingsofmissingtheirhometownsandfamiliesatthisfestival.Therearemanycustomstocelebratethefestival,allexpressingpeople'sloveandhopeforahappylife.Since2008,theMid-AutumnFestivalhasbecomeanofficialnationalholidayinChina.Unit3原文：地鐵始建于19世紀(jì)中期，是世界上最早的地下鐵路系統(tǒng)。它的第一段地鐵于1863年開始運(yùn)營。自此，倫敦地鐵不斷延伸，發(fā)展成為一個(gè)包括12條線路、275250英里的地鐵杰作，其中有45％在地下運(yùn)行。就路線長度而言，它是世界上第四大地鐵敦的游客的首選。倫敦地鐵已成為倫敦的一個(gè)國際標(biāo)志。2013年倫敦舉辦了各種各樣的活動(dòng)，慶祝地鐵運(yùn)營150周年，紀(jì)念這一里程碑。翻譯：LondonUndergroundisarapidtransitsystemintheUnitedKingdom,servingalargepartofGreaterLondon.TheundergroundsystemisalsoknownastheTube,duetothecharacteristicshapeofthesubwaytunnels.Itallstartedinthemid-1800s.TheTube4wastheworld'sfirstundergroundtrainsystem,withthefirstsectionopeningin1863.Sincethenithasgrowntoanundergroundmasterpieceof12lines,275stations,andover250milesofrailtrack,45%ofwhichisunderground.Itisthefourthlargestmetrosystemintheworldintermsofroutemiles.Italsohasoneofthelargestnumbersofstations.AsanaffordableandeasywaytogetaroundLondon,theTuberemainsthefirstchoiceformillionsofcommuterseachday,aswellastouristsvisitingthecityonholidays.TheTubehasbeenaninternationaliconforLondon.TheLondonUndergroundcelebratedits150yearsofoperationin2013,withvariouseventsmarkingthemilestone.原文：中國航天業(yè)開創(chuàng)于1956年。幾十年來，中國航天事業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)又一個(gè)奇跡。1970年，中國成功發(fā)射了第一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星，成為世界上第五個(gè)獨(dú)立自主研制和發(fā)射人造地球衛(wèi)星的國家。1992年，中國開始實(shí)施載人航天飛行工程。2003年，中國成功發(fā)射了神舟五號(hào)載人飛船，使中國成為第三個(gè)發(fā)射載人飛船的國家。2007年發(fā)射了嫦娥一號(hào)2013人飛船神舟十號(hào)發(fā)射成功，為中國空間站的建設(shè)打下了基礎(chǔ)。翻譯：China'sspaceindustrywaslaunchedin1956.Overthepastdecades,China'sspaceindustryhascreatedonemiracleafteranother.In1970Chinalauncheditsfirstman-madeearthsatellite,rankingChinathefifthcountryintheworldtoindependentlydevelopandlaunchman-madeearthsatellites.In1992Chinabegantocarryoutthemannedspaceflightprogram.In2003ChinalaunchedShenzhou-5,amannedspaceship.ThesuccessfullaunchmadeChinathethirdcountrytolaunchmannedspaceships.In2007Chang'e-1,thefirstlunar-orbitingman-madesatellite,wassenttospace.In2013Shenzhou-10,thefifthmannedspaceship,waslaunchedsuccessfully,layingthefoundationforbuildingthe5ChineseSpaceStation.Unit4原文：作為通過中國游歷亞洲的首批歐洲人之一，馬可?波羅可能是中國人最熟知的外國商人和航海家。從1271年到1295年，他和他的家人游歷廣泛，遍及歐洲和亞洲。期間，他在中國留居了17年。他的著作《馬可?波羅游記》描述了他游歷亞洲的旅程，讓歐洲人首次字?jǐn)⑹鲋?，西方人第一次了解到瓷器、煤炭、火藥、印刷術(shù)、紙幣以及絲綢。在15世紀(jì)末和16世紀(jì)歐洲發(fā)現(xiàn)與征服的大航海時(shí)代，馬可?波羅所記錄的大量新的地理信息得到了廣泛使用。在他去世后的這幾個(gè)世紀(jì)里，馬可波羅獲得了他在有生之年未曾獲得的贊譽(yù)。馬可波羅的故事鼓舞了其他無數(shù)的探險(xiǎn)者去踏上征程，發(fā)現(xiàn)世界。翻譯：AsoneofthefirstEuropeanstotravelacrossAsiathroughChina,MarcoPoloisperhapsthemostwell-knownforeignmerchantandvoyagertotheChinesepeople.Hetraveledextensivelywithhisfamily,journeyingfromEuropetoAsiafrom1271to1295.HeremainedinChinafor17ofthoseyears.HisbookTheTravelsofMarcoPolodepictshisjourneysthroughoutAsia,givingEuropeanstheirfirstcomprehensivelookintotheFarEast,includingChina,India,andJapan.FromhiswrittenaccountstheWesternerslearnedofporcelain,coal,gunpowder,printing,papermoney,andsilkforthefirsttime.ThewealthofnewgeographicinformationrecordedbyPolowaswidelyusedinthelate15thandthe16thcenturiesduringtheageoftheEuropeanvoyagesofdiscoveryandconquest.Inthecenturiessincehisdeath,MarcoPolohasreceivedtherecognitionthatfailedtocomehiswayduringhislifetime.MarcoPolo'sstoryhasinspiredcountlessotheradventurerstosetoffandseetheworld.6原文：鄭和是中國歷史上最著名的航海家。公元1405年，明朝的統(tǒng)治28年里，1030多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)。船隊(duì)縱橫南亞、西亞，一直到非洲大陸。鄭和下西洋展現(xiàn)了明朝的國力和國威，加強(qiáng)了明朝和海外各國之間的關(guān)系。翻譯：ZhengHewasthemostfamousmaritimeexplorerinChinesehistory.In1405AD,theruleroftheMingDynastysentZhengHeonavoyagetotheWesternSeasinordertostrengthenborderdefenseanddeveloptradebysea.Inthefollowing28years,ZhengHeledhisfleet,madesevenvoyagestotheWesternSeaswithover100,000crewmembersintotal,andvisitedmorethan30countriesandregions.ThefleettraveledfarintoSouthAsiaandWestAsia,andmadeallthewaytothecontinentofAfrica.ZhengHe'svoyagestotheWesternSeaswereagreatfeatintheworld'snavigationhistory.ItshowedZhengHe'soutstandingnavigationandorganizationtalents;meanwhile,itexhibitedthenationalstrengthandprestigeoftheMingDynasty,andstrengthenedtherelationshipsbetweentheMingDynastyandtheoverseascountries.Unit5原文：有關(guān)古代奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的最早文字記載可追溯至公元前776年。古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)每4年舉辦一次，在8月6日與9月19日之間的一個(gè)紀(jì)念宙斯的宗教節(jié)日期間舉行。第一屆現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會(huì)于1896年在希洲的聯(lián)合和來自世界各地運(yùn)動(dòng)員的大聚會(huì)。奧運(yùn)會(huì)真正騰飛、成為一項(xiàng)國際體育盛會(huì)是在1924年之后，即第8屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)在巴黎舉辦之后。這一年，來自44個(gè)國家約3,000名運(yùn)動(dòng)員同場競技，并且第一7次在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上增加了閉幕式這一儀式。同年，冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)首次亮相，80年后，2004201個(gè)國家的近11,000名運(yùn)動(dòng)員展開競技，創(chuàng)下參賽國數(shù)量之最。翻譯：ThefirstwrittenrecordsoftheancientOlympicGamesdateto776BC.TheancientOlympicswereheldeveryfouryearsbetweenAugust6andSeptember19duringareligiousfestivalhonoringZeus.ThefirstmodernOlympicswereheldinAthens,Greece,in1896.TheOlympicsymbolconsistsoffiveinterlacedringsofequaldimensions,representingtheunionofthefivecontinentsandthemeetingofathletesfromthroughouttheworldattheOlympicGames.TheOlympicstrulytookoffasaninternationalsportingeventafter1924,whenthe8thOlympicGameswereheldinParis.Some3,000athletesfrom44nationscompetedthatyear,andforthefirsttimetheGamesfeaturedaclosingceremony.TheWinterOlympicsdebutedthatyear,includingsucheventsasfigureskating,icehockey,bobsleddingandthebiathlon.Eightyyearslater,whenthe2004SummerOlympicsreturnedtoAthensforthefirsttimeinmorethanacentury,nearly11,000athletesfrom201countriescompeted,breakingthethenrecordofparticipatingcountries.原文：Tai）是一種武術(shù)（martial）項(xiàng)目，也是一種健身運(yùn)動(dòng)，在中國有著悠久的歷史。太極拳動(dòng)作緩慢而柔和，適合任何年齡、性別、體型的人練習(xí)。太極拳既可防身，又能強(qiáng)身健體，因而喜愛。翻譯：TaiChiisakindofmartialarts,andafitnessexerciseas8well.IthasalonghistoryinChina.Withslowandgentlemovements,TaiChiissuitableforpeopleofanyage,sex,orbodytypetopractice.Itcanbeusedtoprovideself-defenseaswellasbuildthebody.Therefore,ithasbecomeverypopularamongChinesepeople.Duringitsdevelopment,TaiChiborrowedandabsorbeddesirableelementsfromtraditionalChinesephilosophy,medicine,andmartialarts,andithasdevelopedintoasportwithuniquefeatures.AsauniquesportinChina,TaiChiisalsogainingincreasingpopularityamongmanyforeignfriends.Unit6原文：間隔年指的是學(xué)生休假不去上學(xué)而去旅游或工作等的一段時(shí)間，但不一定是一年。間隔年通常選在高中畢業(yè)和進(jìn)入大學(xué)之前的一段時(shí)間。在這段時(shí)間里，學(xué)生可以旅游、參加志愿者工作或者在國外邊打工邊度假。一種新潮流是參加集語言學(xué)習(xí)、住家、文化交流、社區(qū)服務(wù)和自主學(xué)習(xí)于一體的國際教育活動(dòng)。間隔年的做法于20世紀(jì)60年代興起于英國。它在英國、澳大利亞、新西蘭和加拿大已經(jīng)變得非間隔年對(duì)美國人來說變得稍微普遍起來。2013年有大約四萬美國學(xué)生參加了間隔年活動(dòng)，比2006年增加了近。普林斯頓大學(xué)、哈佛大學(xué)、麻省理工學(xué)院等大學(xué)都有明文規(guī)定允許學(xué)生延遲入學(xué)。翻譯：Gapyearreferstoaperiodoftime—notnecessarilyayear—inwhichstudentstaketimeoffanddosomethingotherthanschooling,suchastravelorwork.Theyearoutismostcommonlytakenafterhighschoolandbeforegoingtouniversity.Duringthistime,astudentmighttravel,engageinvolunteerworkorundertakeaworkingholidayabroad.Anewtrendistoparticipateininternationaleducationprogramsthatcombinelanguagestudy,homestays,culturalexchange,communityservice,andindependentstudy.9ThepracticeoftakingayearoutdevelopedintheUnitedKingdominthe1960s.IthasgrownverypopularamongstudentsintheUK,Australia,NewZealand,andCanada.IntheUnitedStates,however,thepracticeoftakingayearoffremainstheexception.Butinrecentyears,takingayearouthasbecomeslightlymorecommonforAmericans.Some40,000Americanstudentsparticipatedin2013ingapyearprograms,anincreaseofalmost20%since2006.UniversitiessuchasPrincetonUniversity,HarvardUniversity,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhaveformalpoliciesallowingstudentstodeferadmission.原文：全面提倡素質(zhì)教育。同時(shí)，積極推進(jìn)教育公平，保障人人有受中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。近年來，為適應(yīng)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要，中國政府不斷加快培養(yǎng)各領(lǐng)域的急需人才。翻譯：Sinceitseconomicreformandopening-uptotheworld,China'seducationhasgonethroughrapiddevelopmentandmaderemarkableachievements.TheChinesegovernmentgivestopprioritytothedevelopmentofeducation,persistsinrevitalizingthecountrybyscienceandeducation,andfullyadvocatesquality-orientededucation.Meanwhile,itactivelypromotesequalityineducationtoguaranteeeveryoneaccesstoeducation.China'sachievementsineducationcanbereflectedintwodifferentlayers:Oneisthepopularizationofthenine-yearcompulsoryeducation;theotheristherealizationofmasshighereducation.ThedevelopmentofeducationhasmadesignificantcontributionstoChina'seconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Inrecentyears,tosatisfytheneedsofsocialandeconomicdevelopment,theChinesegovernmenthasspedupthetrainingofqualifiedpersonnelurgentlyneededinvariousfields.Unit7原文：人自由。要理解美國人，最重要的也許就是了解他們對(duì)個(gè)人主義的熱愛。生活中他們很早就開始受到教育，把自己看成獨(dú)立的個(gè)體，對(duì)們對(duì)個(gè)人隱私的重視。美國人認(rèn)為，人"需要有自己的時(shí)間"或者"有時(shí)間獨(dú)處"，用來思考事情，或者恢復(fù)他們所消耗的心理能量。美國人很難理解那些總想與人結(jié)伴、不愛獨(dú)處的外國人。翻譯：ThebeliefinthefreedomoftheindividualisprobablythemostbasicandmoststronglyheldofallAmericanbeliefs.ThemostimportantthingtounderstandAmericansisprobablytheirdevotionto"individualism".Theyhavebeentrainedsinceveryearlyintheirlivestoconsiderthemselvesasseparateindividualswhoareresponsiblefortheirownsituationsinlifeandtheirowndestiny.Americansviewthemselvesashighlyindividualisticintheirthoughtsandactions.Theyresistbeingthoughtofasrepresentativesofanyhomogeneousgroup.Whentheydojoingroups,theybelievetheyarespecial,justalittledifferentfromothermembersofthesamegroup.CloselyassociatedwiththevaluetheyplaceonindividualismistheimportanceAmericansassignprivacy.Americansassumepeople"needsometimetothemselves"or"sometimealone"tothinkaboutthingsorrecovertheirspentpsychologicalenergy.Americanshavegreatdifficultyunderstandingforeignerswhoalwayswanttobewithanotherpersonandwhodislikebeingalone.原文：為人誠信，以和為貴是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德。和的思想體現(xiàn)在很多方面。在處理人與人的關(guān)系上，中國傳統(tǒng)思想主張和為貴以及家和萬事興人類應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)自然，尊重自然，保護(hù)自然。人與人、人與社會(huì)、人與自然都需要。如今，和諧發(fā)展依然是我們的治國之本和管理人才之道。隨著我國社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的發(fā)展，和的思想更加深入人心。中國正在向構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。翻譯：IntegrityandharmonyaretraditionalChinesevirtues."Harmony"isdemonstratedinvariousaspects.Inregardtointerpersonalrelations,traditionalChinesethoughtsholdthat"Harmonyismostprecious"and"Afamilythatlivesinharmonywillprosper".Aharmonioussocialenvironmentcanbecreatedbasedontheseprinciples.Asforrelationsbetweenhumanbeingsandnature,peopleshouldlearntounderstand,respectandprotectnature.Harmonyisessentialtointerpersonalrelations,relationsbetweenhumanbeingsandsociety,aswellasbetweenhumanbeingsandnature.Nowadays,harmoniousdevelopmentisstillthewayofrunningthecountryandmanagingtalentedpersonnel.WiththedevelopmentofChina'ssociety,economyandculture,theideaof"harmony"goesevendeeperintopeople'shearts.Chinaisonitswaytowardthegoalofbuildingaharmonioussocialistsociety.Unit8原文：壇。聯(lián)合國最初的宗旨是維護(hù)和平、保護(hù)人權(quán)、建立國際公平正義的框架以及促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)進(jìn)步。近年來，聯(lián)合國又面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)，諸如氣候變化、國際恐怖主義和艾滋病等?，F(xiàn)在，解決爭端及維護(hù)和力于各種旨在改進(jìn)世界人民生活的活動(dòng)，從賑災(zāi)到教育和婦女進(jìn)步，友好、更加宜居的地方，為全世界人民帶來了福祉。翻譯：Astheworld'sonlytrulyuniversalglobalorganization,theUnitedNationshasbecometheforemostforumtoaddressissuesthattranscendnationalboundariesandcannotberesolvedbyanyonecountryactingalone.TheinitialgoalsoftheUNaresafeguardingpeace,protectinghumanrights,establishingtheframeworkforinternationaljusticeandpro