非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法比較

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法比較非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法比較非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法比較V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法比較日期：20xx年X月do主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句法功能否定式一般式進(jìn)行式完成式一般式完成式主賓表定狀補(bǔ)前面直接加nottodotodotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√ingdoinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone√√√√√√ed

done

vt.(被動(dòng)完成)risenvi(主動(dòng)完成)√√√√非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法比較輯主語(yǔ)及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式-ing過(guò)去分詞for/ofsbtodosb:賓格/名詞1.主格代詞/名詞+doing(作狀語(yǔ))2.形物代/賓格和名詞所有格/普通格+doing(作主,賓語(yǔ))主格代詞/名詞+done(作狀語(yǔ))一．不定式和-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1.-ing和不定式都可以作主語(yǔ)，-ing作主語(yǔ)表示一般或抽象的多次性行為;不定式作主語(yǔ)往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。Smokingisforbiddenhere．這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)Learningaforeignlanguageisveryuseful.Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch．你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。(具體)2.不定式做主語(yǔ)，一般用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把作主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。常見(jiàn)句型有itisadj.(of/forsb.)todosth.Ittookwillandpatiencetodoanythingwell.Itisniceofyoutosayso.在“Itisnouse/nogood/useless+doing”等結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ)；其他情況doing直接做主語(yǔ)。Itisnogoodwritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.寫(xiě)信給他不妥，他從來(lái)不回信。Itisnogoodcryingthespiltmilk.覆水難收4.主表對(duì)稱(chēng)原則Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.二．不定式和ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別形式作賓語(yǔ)常表示一般的、經(jīng)常性的行為，而不定式作賓語(yǔ)表示特定的、具體的、一次性動(dòng)作Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimtoday.2.1)有些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)要求只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)：hope/manage/refuse/pretend/plan/offer/decide/agree/fail/afford/happen/should(would)like(love)/belikely+todo2)有些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)只接ing作賓語(yǔ)：enjoy喜歡；mind在意；practise練習(xí)；avoid避免；finish完成；prevent防止；appreciate欣賞；suggest建議；delay耽擱；imagine想象；keep保留；risk冒險(xiǎn)；dislike討厭；excuse原諒；miss錯(cuò)過(guò)；forgive寬恕；admit承認(rèn)；can’tstand忍不??；feellike想要；giveup放棄；putoff推遲；objectto反對(duì);lookforwardto期望,keepon一直,setabout著手,Shefinishedreadingthebook(看完這本書(shū)）yesterday.Willyouadmithavingbrokenthewindow你承認(rèn)不承認(rèn)打破了窗戶(hù)Doyoufeelliketakingawalk你要不要去散步WearelookingforwardtocomingtoChina.我們期待著來(lái)中國(guó)。Doyoumindmysmokingintheroom你介意我在室內(nèi)吸煙嗎三．作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),三者的區(qū)別1.有些動(dòng)詞接不定式作賓補(bǔ)：（和賓語(yǔ)有主謂關(guān)系強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成；表一次性動(dòng)作）①Tell/order/persuade/invite/force/warn

/encourage/get/ask+sbtodoHeaskedmetofinishitintime.Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.②feel(一感);hear\listento(二聽(tīng));

have\make\let(三使)；see\watch\observe\notice\lookat\find(六看)+sbdo等感官使役動(dòng)詞后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)省略to,但被動(dòng)以后要還原to.（表全過(guò)程）Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.Iheardhersingthesongmanytimes.2.有些動(dòng)詞接ing作賓補(bǔ)：feel(一感);hear\listento(二聽(tīng));

have\get\leave\keep(四使)；see\watch\observe\notice\lookat\find(六看)+sbdoing(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或一直做某事；用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.IheardhersingingthesongwhenIpassedherroom.3.有些動(dòng)詞后跟過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：feel(一感);hear\listento(二聽(tīng));make\let\get\have\leave\keep\(六使)；see\watch\observe\notice\lookat\find(六看)+sbdone（表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，表被動(dòng)）Speakloudersothatyoucanmakeyourselfheard.Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.IheardthesongsunginEnglishmanytimes.四．作表語(yǔ)時(shí),三者的區(qū)別1).不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。Myjobistohelpthepatientnow.（說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)具體內(nèi)容）2)-ing形式作表語(yǔ)：①表示抽象的、一般性的行為。（說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)具體內(nèi)容，主表可換位）Hishobbyiscollectingstamps．Herjobislookingafterthechild.②表“令人如何如何”（主語(yǔ)所具有的特征），如：astonishing\exciting\moving\surprising\tiring\interesting\amusing\shocking\worryingHisreportisinteresting.Themusicsoundsexciting.3)---V-ed：“讓人感到如何如何”（主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)）如：astonished\excited\moved\surprised\tired\interested\amused\shocked\worried\disappointed\drunk\frightened\married\confused\pleased\puzzled\satisfied等Thecupsarebroken.Sheisinterestedinthejob.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.五．作定語(yǔ)時(shí)三者的區(qū)別1.不定式作定語(yǔ)表未來(lái)的動(dòng)作且后置，若為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞須為及物動(dòng)詞，常常修飾代詞anything/something/noting;名詞chance/opportunity等或由序數(shù)或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞。Youarethethirdonetoentertheroom.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.Ineedapentowritewith.Thequestiontobediscussedtomorrowwillbeimportant.作定語(yǔ)①表多位于其前表示其性能、用途（無(wú)時(shí)間性）Hehasareadingroom.asleepingcar②表正在進(jìn)行（主謂關(guān)系）即主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，可換為定語(yǔ)從句;asleepingboyThegirlgatheringflowersisbeautiful.Thequestionbeingdiscussednowisimportant.3.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)有（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表完成）即被動(dòng)完成或完成，可換為定語(yǔ)從句。abrokencupThequestiondiscussedyesterdayisimportant.AllthepeopleinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.(AllthepeoplewhoareinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.)Wecanseealotoffallenleavesontheground.(Wecanseealotofleaveswhichhavefallenontheground.)六．作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),三者的區(qū)別1)不定式作狀語(yǔ)通常表示①原因(謂動(dòng)之后)②目的(可用soasto/inorderto替換)③結(jié)果/程度(意想不到的結(jié)果，常為onlytodo)Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．TogetthereontimeIgotupveryearly.Hetravelledaroundtheworldtogivelectures.Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.2)-ing或過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)通常表示①原因②時(shí)間③條件④讓步⑤結(jié)果⑥伴隨（逗號(hào)）(主語(yǔ)一致性；-ing表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng))Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.Givenanapple,thechildstoppedcrying.Notsatisfiedwiththeresult,wedecidedtodotheexperimentagain.Havinglivedinthecountryformanyyears,sheknowshowtogrowvegetables.Nothavingreceivedanynewsfromhomeforalongtime,sheisbecomingmoreandmorehomesick.When/Ifheated,icewillbechangedintowater.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.Beingverysmall,computersarewidelyused.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Hecutofftheelectricity,preventinganaccident.Theteacherenteredtheroom,followedbysomestudents.Theteacherenteredtheroomandhewasfollowedbysomestudents.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞特殊用法：一.下列情況用不定式：①.sth.beadj(hard\difficult\easy\heavy)todoThequestionisdifficulttoanswer.②.sb.havesth.todoIhavealotofworktodo.③.Therebesth.todoThereisnothingtotalkabout.④.find(think\feel\consider\make\believe)itadjtodosth⑤一般介詞后面不可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)（except,but除外）Hehasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Shedidnothingbutcry.二．在havedifficulty(trouble,problem,ahardtime,fun,agoodtime)(+in)+doing；bebusy(in)+doing；等結(jié)構(gòu)中，in常要省去。Thechildrenarebusydoingtheirhomework.孩子們忙于做作業(yè)。三．在（be）worth后面只能用-ing的主動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.他的提議值得考慮?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成：Hissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered/ofbeingconsidered..四．下列動(dòng)詞即可不定式作賓語(yǔ)也可不定式作賓補(bǔ)：want\expect\wish\promise+(sb)todo五．get\have\leave\keep+sbdoing(使…處于某狀態(tài))I’msorryI’vekeptyouwaiting.六．注意下列動(dòng)詞的用法：allow\advise\forbid\permit\intend

(sb)\consider（認(rèn)為\考慮）---sbtodo\doingbeusedto--