2022-2023學(xué)年湖南省長沙市一中、湖南師大附中高考英語必刷試卷含解析

2022-2023學(xué)年高考英語模擬試卷請考生注意：1．請用2B鉛筆將選擇題答案涂填在答題紙相應(yīng)位置上，請用0．5毫米及以上黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將主觀題的答案寫在答題紙相應(yīng)的答題區(qū)內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙上均無效。2．答題前，認(rèn)真閱讀答題紙上的《注意事項》，按規(guī)定答題。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．Followingthegirl,wewentintoahall;on__________wallshungafewpicturesofsomefamousscientists.A．itsB．whichC．whoseD．those2．DuringeachNBAseason,basketballfanscheerontheirfavoriteteamstomake_______through.A．itB．themC．thatD．those3．Natureisunderstandableinthesense______shewillanswertrulyandrewardwithdiscoverieswhenweaskherquestionsviaobservation.A．that B．whereC．how D．what4．____regulartraininginnursing,shecouldhardlycopewiththeworkatfirst.A．NotreceivedB．SincereceivingC．HavingnotreceivedD．Nothavingreceived5．Onlyaftertalkingtotwostudentsthathavingstrongmotivationisoneofthebiggestfactorsinreachinggoals.A．Ididdiscover B．didIdiscoverC．Idiscovered D．discovered6．Believeitornot,itis________________thatcausesyourillness.A．becauseofyourbeingoverweight B．becauseyouareoverweightC．youaresooverweight D．yourbeingoverweight7．Jesswassadandherfriendhelpedher___thefirstawfulweeksafterherhusbandBilldied.A．breakthrough B．breakdownC．getthrough D．getridof8．Amongthecrisesthatfacehumans________thelackofnaturalresources.A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．isthere D．a(chǎn)rethere9．Countrieswhichcontinueimportinghugequantitiesofwastewillhaveto____theissueofpollution.A．maintain B．simplify C．overlook D．a(chǎn)ddress10．TheBritishgovernmentpublishedanofficialpolicydocument________itsplanstobringtheUKoutoftheEuropeanUnion.A．lettingoutB．puttingoutC．settingoutD．workingout11．Thankstotheeffortsinenvironmentalprotection,thewetlandhasbeen_____toitsoriginalappearance.A．restoredB．deliveredC．transferredD．drafted12．Everymanhashisfaults.Weshould,therefore,leantobe________ofothers.A．ignorant B．responsibleC．reliable D．tolerant13．Iwouldn’thavemissedthetrainifI______upearlier.A．got B．hadgot C．willget D．havegot14．Don’tthrowawaytheoldbooks．Givethemto____needsthem．A．whoever B．a(chǎn)nyone C．who D．whomever15．___________andtheywillfinishoffthechallengingjob.A．Inaweek B．Aweeklater C．Afteraweek D．Anotherweek16．Hewaselected______presidentofthecompany,and_____newscame,infact,as______surprise.A．a(chǎn);the;X B．X;the;a C．a(chǎn);X;the D．the;the;a17．Wearecommittedtocreatingaworldfreefromthehomelessandthehopeless,aworld_______eachandeverycornerisatrueparadise.A．that B．whichC．ofwhich D．fromwhere18．---Eachofthestudentsworkinghardattheirhardattheirlessonsthebook.---SohaveI.A．readsB．havereadC．hasreadD．read19．_______progressitis,youcan’tstopmovingforward.A．WhatevergreatB．HowevergreatC．NomatterhowgreatD．Howgreata20．Fortunatelysomebodywhohappenedtobepassingbycalledtheemergencyaidthetrafficaccidentoccurred.A．hurriedly B．quickly C．immediately D．shortly第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。21．（6分）TothepeoplewhocametoChristopherMorleyParkinRoslyn,hehadnoname.tothem,hewas“theicecreamman”.Hewasjusttwohandsandasmilehandingbackicecreamfromthevan（面包車）window.Tome,hewasmyolderbrother,Andrew.Once,heworkedonWallStreet.Butlaterhespenthisdayssellingicecreamtoanendlesslineofkids,momsanddadsinswimmingsuits,perhapsdaydreamingofabeachfaraway.Alldaylong,whilehesoldbagsofpotatochips,cansofsoda,andalltypesoficecream,hewoulddothissortofroboticmotion—turntotheright,stoopdown,handtheitemoutofthewindowandcollectthemoney.Hisdrinkingdayswereovernow.Theynearedtheirendonenightafterhetookaseverebeatingwhensomeonefollowedhimhomeandrobbedhimwhenhewasdrunk.Itlefthimmemoriesofpainandmisery.Hewasdeterminedhewouldnevertakeanotherdrinkagain.Onedayyearslater,Iwenttolookforhim.Islippedintothehighdriver’sseatandsatquietlywatchinghimwork.Occasionally,hewouldaskmetohandhimadietrootbeerorabagofchipsforsale,allthetimebendingoverasheworkedthelongline.AsIwatchedhimsellicecreamfromavanwindow,hetaughtmesomethingaboutlivingthislifethatweallpassthroughtooquickly.Itwasalessonabouttryingtoliveitwithgraceanddignityandstyle,nomatterwhat.HediedinMarch1999.HehadservedintheArmyfortwoyearsinEuropeinthe1950s.Theygavehimasoldier’sfuneralwithafoldedflag.1、WherewasAndrewlikelytoselltheicecream?A．Onatrain.B．Inapark.C．OnWallStreet.D．Inasupermarket.2、WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAndrew’sjob?A．Busyandhard.B．Challengingbuttime-consuming.C．Honorableandwell-paid.D．Busybutbadly-paid.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph4referto?A．Therobbers.B．Thepainfulmemories.C．Theconsumers.D．Thedrinkingdays.4、Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberhisbrother.B．Totellaregrettablestory.C．Toshareasadlifelesson.D．Tostatehisattitudetowardslife.22．（8分）Throughoutourdailylives,wehaveknownplentyofpeopleandwillknowmore.Buthowcanwetellifsomeoneistrustworthy?InapaperpublishedrecentlyintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,researchergaveustheanswer.Theresearchersasked101adultsfromtheUnitedStatestofilloutaquestionnairemeasuringtheirguilt-proneness(內(nèi)疚傾向)indifferentsituationsaswellasseveralotherqualities,andthenplayashortonlinegame.Inthisgame,Player1isgiven$1,whichtheycanchoosetogivetoPlayer2.AnymoneygiventoPlayer2isthenautomaticallyincreasedto$2.20.Player2canthendecidewhethertokeepallofthemoneyorbehaveinatrustworthywaybyreturningaportionofthemoneytoPlayer1.Theresearchersfoundmoreguilt-pronepeopleweremorelikelytosharethemoneywithPlayer1.Actually,infollow-upstudies,guilt-pronenesspredictedtrustworthinessbetterthanotherpersonalityqualitiestheresearchersmeasured.Whymightguiltleadtotrustworthybehavior?Theresearchersfoundpeoplewhowereguilt-pronealsoreportedfeelinganobligationtoactinethical(合乎道德的)andresponsiblewayswhileinteracting(互動)withtheirpartnersinthegame.Peoplewhoareguilt-pronetendtoavoidengaginginbehaviorthatmightharmordisappointothers.Iftheydosomethingbad,guiltencouragesthemtotrytomakethingsrightagain.Then，howcanweusethisresearchtoascertainwhethersomeoneistrustworthy?“Onewaytodothismightbeobservehowtheyrespondtoexperienceregret,”leadauthorEmmaLevine,assistantprofessorattheUniversityofChicagoLevine,explains.Anotherwayistoaskthemtodescribeadifficultdilemmatheyfacedinthepast,suggestsco-authorTayaCohen,associateprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity.Thisisparticularlyeffective,Cohenandhercolleagueshavefound,becauseitallowsustoseeifthey’reconcernedabouttheeffectstheiractionshaveonothers.1、Whatmaymakeothersfeelthatwearereliableaccordingtothetext?A．Ourgoodqualitiestohelpthemout.B．Ourtendencytoexperienceguilt.C．Ourkindattitudetowardsthem.D．Ourteamspiritinthegame.2、Whatmayconnectguiltwithtrustworthybehavior?A．Asenseofresponsibility.B．Afeelingofdisappointment.C．Thewayoneinteractswithothers.D．Theabilitytotellrightfromwrong.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ascertain”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Ask B．ExpressC．Describe D．Determine4、Howisthetextorganizedanddeveloped?A．Byprovidingbackground.B．Bymakingalotofcomparisons.C．Byansweringtheraisedquestions.D．Byanalyzingeffectsofguilt-proneness.23．（8分）ParkingInformationThereisamixofpaidandfreeparkingonGranvilleIsland.Belowyouwillfindallrelevantinformationtoparkingandtrafficmanagement.FREEPARKINGSTALLS（停車位）FreeparkingthroughoutGranvilleIslandforallmotorizedvehiclesisintendedforvisitorsonly.Freeparkingstallsareavailableandvehiclesarelimitedtooccupyonestall,onceperday,andwithinthemaximumpostedtimelimit.Whenthepostedtimelimitisreachedyoumoveyourvehicle,orshouldyourequireadditionalparkingduringthesameday,yourvehiclemustbeparkedinapayparkingstall.FreeParkingrestrictionsarestrictlyenforcedfrom7amto7pm,7daysaweek.Onceyourvehicleisparked,youarenotpermittedtomovetoanotherfreestallonGranvilleIslandatanyothertimethroughouttheday.Youmaymovetoanyofthepaystalls.PAIDPARKINGSTALLSPayparkingrestrictionsarestrictlyenforcedfrom7amto7pm,7daysaweek.DailyParkingTheDailyPassisvalidfor24hoursfromthetimeofpurchase.ThepassisVOID（無效）ifnotplacedfaceupwiththedateandtimevisible.ThepassisVOIDifnotparkedinapayparkinglot.WeeklyParkingTheWeeklyPassisvalidfor7daysfromthetimeofpurchase.ThepassisVOIDifnotplacedfaceupwiththedateandtimevisible.ThepassisVOIDifnotparkedinapayparkinglot.MonthlyParkingMonthlyparkingislimitedandavailableonafirstcomefirstservebasisandsoldstartingonthetwenty-sixth(26)ofeverymonth.MonthlyParkingPassesareavailableattheGranvilleIslandAdministrationOfficefrom8:30am-5:00pm.Amonthlyparkingpassallowsavehicletobeparkedinanappointedparkingstallonlywhenitisclearlydisplayed.Lostmonthlypassescannotbereplaced.1、VisitorstoGranvilleIslandcan.A．parktheircarsforfreeaslongastheywishB．movetheircarstodifferentfreestallsC．paytheparkingwhenthetimelimitisreachedD．usethesamefreestallformanytimes2、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothenotice?A．paidparkingpassisvalidonlywhenitisclearlydisplayed.B．CarswiththeDailyParkingPasscanbeparkedinafreestall.C．OnecanbuytheMonthlyParkingPassonanydayofthemonth.D．OnecanapplyforanewMonthlyParkingPassifitislost.24．（8分）You’vegotyourfancynewsuitcaseandyou’rereadytotakeitwithyouonyourtravelsacrosstheglobe.Yougettotheairport,quicklymovingthroughthecrowdsontheunevenpavement,rushingtocheckin.Then,yourheartsinkswhenyourealizeyournewsuitcasehasgotaseriouscaseofthewobbles(搖晃).Whydoesthishappen?ScientistsfromtheUniversiteParis-DiderotinFranceinvestigatedthismatterandpublishedtheirfindingsinthesciencejournalProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyA．Theyalsosuggestedsomesolutionstoovercomethismodern-dayproblem.Tolearnmoreabouttheissue,theyputasuitcaseonatreadmill(跑步機)andobservedwhathappened.Itwassoonnotedthatthe“wobble”wasactuallyaresultofrepeatedactionsthatcausedthesuitcasetoswayfromsidetoside.Theydiscoveredthatifoneofthewheelsencounteredanobstaclesuchasasmallbump,itjumpedintotheairforjustamomentandthenbangedbackdowntotheground.Thatsecondactioncausedtheoppositewheeltoliftoffthegroundandthentobangbackdown,causingthefirsttoliftagainandsoon.Thisswayingincreasedastheluggagewaspulledalong.“Thesuitcaseisafunwaytotackletheproblem,butthestudywouldbethesameforanytrolleywithtwowheelsorblades(槳葉),”SylvainCourrechduPont,leadauthorofthestudy,toldBBCNews.“Soitwillbethesameforacaravan(大篷車)ormaybealsoforairplanes.”Insteadofslowingdownwhenweseearockypartofthepath,thescientistsrecommendeddoingtheexactoppositeandspeedingup.Thisisbecausegoingfastergivesthewheelslesstimetoriseandfall,preventingthecasefromswaying.Theyalsosaidthatreducingtheangleofthesuitcasebyloweringitshandletothegroundwouldhelpkeepitsteady.“Thesefindingscouldhelpresearcherssimulateanddesignbetterrollingsuitcasesandotherpulledtrolleys,suchastowedtrailers,”CourrechduPontadded.Withthesemasterminds(智者)workingonperfectingoursuitcaseproblems,wobblyluggagemaysoonbeathingofhistory,leavingustoenjoyourtravels.1、Themainpurposeofthefirsttwoparagraphsisto______.A．showtheimportanceofagoodwheeledsuitcasefortravelB．leaduptothewobblingproblemofwheeledsuitcasesC．describehowunstablewheeledsuitcasescanbeD．showthatwobblingcancausewheeledsuitcasestostopworking2、Accordingtothescientists,whenasuitcasemeetswithanobstacle,______.A．theswayingwillstopforamomentB．itstwowheelswilljumpintotheairatthesametimeC．evenasmallobstaclecanleadtoaseriousdamageD．thereisaseriesofrepeatedactionsleadingtotheswaying3、Whatcanbedonetokeepasuitcasesteadyonanunevenpathaccordingtothetext?A．Slowdown. B．Pullthesuitcaseatafasterspeed.C．Raisethehandleofthesuitcase. D．Increasetheangleofthesuitcase.4、Accordingtothearticle,thefindingscould______.A．helpimprovethedesignofsuitcasesB．solvethewobbleofsuitcasescompletelyC．behelpfulintheadvancementoftreadmillsD．beusedtodevelopbladesforboats25．（10分）KongQiu,betterknownasConfucius,wasbornin551B．C．,intheLustateofChina.Histeachings,preservedin"Lunyu",focusedoncreatingmodelsforgoodbehaviorandsettingeducationalstandards.Hediedin479B．C．ConfucianismlaterbecametheofficialphilosophyoftheChineseempire,andwasextremelyinfluentialduringtheHan,TangandSongdynasties.LittleisknownofConfucius'childhood."RecordsoftheHistorian",writtenbySsu-maChi’en,offersthemostdetailedaccountofConfucius'life.However,somemodemhistonansquestionitsaccuracy,regardingitasmyth,notfact.ThebooksaysthatConfuciuswasbornintoaroyalfamilywhileotherssaythatConfuciuswasbomintopoverty.Onefactisclear,though:ConfuciuslivedduringatimeofgreattroubleinChina.Over2,500yearsago,China'sChouEmpirebegantofallapart.WarringChinesestatescausedittobreakdown.TraditionalChinesevaluesthenbegantodecline.ConfuciussawthisasanopportunitytostrengthentheoldChinesevaluesandcustoms.Hisideaswerebasedontheprincipleof"ren"or"lovingothers"whilepracticingself-control.HebelievedthatrencouldbeputintoactionusingtheGoldenRule.TheGoldenRuleis"donotdotootherswhatyoudonotwishforyourself."Confucius'politicalbeliefswerelikewisebasedontheconceptofself-control.Hebelievedthataleadershouldstayhumbleandtreathisfollowerswithcare.Indoingso,hewouldleadbypositiveexample.AccordingtoConfucius,leaderscouldmotivatetheirsubjectstofollowthelawbyteachingthemvirtue.Hisphilosophyofeducationfocusedonthe"SixArts".ToConfucius,themainobjectiveofbeinganeducatorwastoteachpeopletobehonestandkind.Hetriedtoencouragepeopletobemorepolitetoeachother.BythesecondcenturyB．C．,duringChina'sfirstHanDynasty,hisideasbecamethefoundationforthestategovernment.Today,heiswidelyconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialteachersinChinesehistory.1、ConfuciuswouldbeMOSTlikelytoagreethatthepurposeofeducationisA．tohaverichknowledge. B．toliveagoodmorallife.C．togainwealthandpower. D．tolearnsixcoresubjects.2、EachofthefollowingaffectedConfucius'ideasEXCEPT.A．theHanDynasty. B．theChouDynasty.C．traditionalChinesevalues. D．thewartimeexperience.3、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．Confuciusledabitterlifeinhischildhood.B．TraditionalvaluesweregonebecauseoftheendofChou.C．Confucius'ideasinfluencedtheleadershipofthecountry.D．Confuciusdevotedlypromotedideascontrarytotraditionalones.4、Self-controliscentraltoConfucius'philosophybecause_________.A．itisthebasisofthestategovernment.B．itisthefoundationoftheGoldenRule.C．itisnecessarytobeaproductivephilosopher.D．ithelpspeoplebehumbleandsetanexample.第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項．26．（30分）完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1--20各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Ioftenreadofincidentsofmisunderstandingorconflict.I’mleft1.Whydothesepeoplecreatemistrustandproblems,especiallywiththosefromother2?IwasgrowingupinKualaLumpurintheearly1960s,3childrenfromdifferentracesandreligionsplayedandstudied4inharmony.Atthattimemyfamilylivedastone’s5fromIsmail’s.AndnoonewasbotheredthatIsmailwasaMalayMuslimandIwasanIndianHindu—wejust6ourdifferences.Perhaps,oureldershadnotfilledourheadswithunnecessaryadvice,well7orotherwise.Wewereninewhenwebecamefriends.Duringtheschoolholidays,we’d8thecountrysideonourbicycles,hopingto9theunexpected.AttimesIsmailwouldaccompanymyfamilyaswemadearareshoppingtriptotown.Wewouldbegladofhis10.WhenIwastwelve,myfamilymovedtoJohor.Ismail’sfamilylaterreturnedtotheirvillage,andI11touchwithhim.Onespringafternoonin1983,IstoppedataxiinKualaLumpur.I12mydestination.Thedriveracknowledgedmy13butdidnotmoveoff.Instead,helooked14atme.“Raddar?”hesaid,usingmychildhoodnickname(綽號).Iwasastonishedatbeingso15addressed(稱呼).Unexpectedly!ItwasIsmail!Evenaftertwo16westillrecognizedeachother.Graspinghisshoulder,Ifeltatrueaffection,something17todescribe.Ifwecanallowourchildrentobe18withoutprejudice,they’llbuildfriendshipswithpeople,regardlessofraceorreligion,whowillbe19theirsidethroughthickandthin.Onsuchfriendshipsaresocietiesbuildand20wecantrulybe,asWilliamShakespeareoncewrote,“wehappyfew,webandofbrothers”.1、A．interested B．pleased C．puzzled D．excited2、A．parties B．cities C．villages D．races3、A．why B．which C．how D．when4、A．together B．a(chǎn)round C．a(chǎn)lone D．a(chǎn)part5、A．drop B．throw C．move D．roll6、A．refused B．made C．sought D．a(chǎn)ccepted7、A．paid B．meant C．preserved D．treated8、A．explore B．search C．discover D．desert9、A．getthrough B．dealwith C．comeacross D．takeaway10、A．a(chǎn)rrival B．choice C．effort D．company11、A．lost B．gained C．developed D．missed12、A．stated B．ordered C．decided D．chose13、A．a(chǎn)ttempts B．instructions C．opinions D．a(chǎn)rrangements14、A．a(chǎn)nxiously B．carelessly C．disappointedly D．fixedly15、A．familiarly B．strangely C．fully D．coldly16、A．departures B．months C．years D．decades17、A．possible B．funny C．hard D．clear18、A．them B．themselves C．us D．ourselves19、A．from B．by C．with D．a(chǎn)gainst20、A．still B．otherwise C．then D．instead第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）Itisoftensaidthateyescanspeak.Inabusyoumaylookatgstranger,1．nottoolong.Ifhenoticesthatheisbeingstaredat,hemayfeel2．(comfort).Itisthesameindailylife.Whenyouare3．(look)atforseveralmoretimes,youwilllookatyourselfupanddowntoseeifthereisanythingwrong4．you.Ifnothinggoeswrong,you5．(feel)angrywiththepersonwhoislookingatyou.Eyescanspeak,right?6．(look)toolongatsomeonemayseemtobeimpolite.Butsometimesthingsaredifferentwhenit7．(come)tostaringattheoppositesex,ifamanglancesatawomanformorethantenseconds,hisintentionsareobvious,thatis,hewishestoattract8．(she)attention,tomakeherunderstandthatheisadmiringher.Infact,continuouseyecontactislimitedto9．(love)only,whowillenjoylookingateachother10．(gentle)foralongtime，toshowaffectionthatwordscannotexpress.Evidently,eyecommunicationshouldbedoneaccordingtotherelationshipbetweenthetwopeople.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯（滿分10分）28．（10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1、每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2、只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。Nowadaysmanypeopledriveinsteadoftakingabusorwalkingtowork、Itcausesmoretrafficjamandaccidents、Asthestudent,whatcanwedotoguaranteeoursafe?Firstofall,thetrafficrulesmustbestrictobeyed、Whenwecrossstreets,waituntilthetrafficlightturngreen、Next,don'tforgetwalkonthepavement、Finally,Ithinkitverydangerouslytowearheadphoneswhilewalkingorcycling、Sincewecan'tpayenoughattentiononthetrafficaroundus,soaccidentsmayhappen、Takinggoodcareofourselvesanddon'tletourparentsworryaboutus、50第二節(jié)書面表達（滿分25分）29．（25分）假定你是李華。你通過用英語寫信的方式和在北京留學(xué)的James建立了深厚的友情。請你用英語給他寫封信,談?wù)剬懶沤o你帶來的好處,內(nèi)容包括：1.交際方面；2.英語學(xué)習(xí)方面；3.思想認(rèn)識方面。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________