2021高考英語復(fù)習(xí)沖刺之代詞,介詞復(fù)習(xí)試題含答案

[代詞]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2020·浙江高考)________playhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywright(劇作家)hopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.has劇”，用each作play的定語，故填Each。2．(2020·天津高考)Eventhoughpopmusicisnotyourstyle,________doesn'tmeanitisbad.指代前面的提到的整件事情，故填that。3．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Boastingabout________(you),andyourbestqualitiesisverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.答案：yourself句意：讓孩子學(xué)會(huì)夸耀自己，并且夸耀自己最好的品質(zhì)，身代詞。故填yourself。4．(2019·天津高考)Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(滅絕)ofoneof________.種類滅絕后，幸存下來。them指代前面的severalspecies，故填them。5．(2020·陜西省銅川市高三年級(jí)高考模擬試題)________isgenerallybelievedthatthegiantpandasuniqueblackandwhitecoloringallowsittoblendinwiththesnowduringwinterortohideintheshadeduringsummer.答案：It根據(jù)isgenerallybelieved可知，此處要用it作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。故填I(lǐng)t。6．(2020·江蘇省蘇州市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)5月第二學(xué)期測試)Inpublicplaces,improvedchildcarefacilitieswillbenefit________genders,notjustwomen.句意：在公共場所，改善托兒設(shè)施將受益于兩性，而不僅僅是婦女。結(jié)合句意可知，是男性和女性，故填elligencecanhelpusmakebetterdecisions,________thatareinharmonywithourtruebeliefsandvalues.答案：ones此處ones代替前面提到的betterdecisions，屬于可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填ones。8．(2020·福建省泉州市高三畢業(yè)班5月質(zhì)量檢查)Whenyoudon'thaveagreenhouseorenoughroomonthebalconyforafewpotsyoucanstillgrow________(you)afewtastyhomegrowntomatoesinhangingbasketsandwindowboxesifyousticktoshortvarieties.代詞yourself。9．Thereisachemicalinyourbrainknownasdopamine(多巴胺),whichissometimescalledthe“rewardmolecule(分子)”and________(it)releasegivesyouafeelingofpleasure.答案：its名詞release前面需要有形容詞性物主代詞進(jìn)行限定，故填its。10．(2020·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市高三教學(xué)情況調(diào)查)TheAmazonrainforestisconsideredthelungsofEarth,muchof________locatedinBrazil.答案：it句意：亞馬遜雨林被認(rèn)為是地球的肺，大部分位于巴西。此處TheAmazonrainforest是句子主語，located是過去分詞，其邏輯主語是muchofit，這里是過去分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用it代替TheAmazonrainforest。故填it。oftheseargumentsarevalidinthattheyareunconvincingandimpossibletojustify.根據(jù)句意，此處表示全部否定，故填None。doyouliketheideaofWebTV?—It'saworldofinteractiveTVprogramming,________whereanythingwonderfulcanhappen.——這是一個(gè)互“aworldofinteractiveTVprogramming”，故填one。oneintheworldisperfect,andevenfamouspeoplemayhave________(they)feetofclay.名詞短語feetofclay前應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞進(jìn)行限定，故填their。14．(2020·湖南省長沙市長裙中學(xué)普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試考前演練)It'sreasonableforvolunteerstoexpectsomebenefitsfor________(they),butthepotentialhealthbenefitsofvolunteeringaresignificantlyreducedifselfbenefitbecomesaperson'smainmotive.答案：themselves句意：志愿者期望自己能得到一些好處是合理的，但是如果自我利益成為一個(gè)人的主要?jiǎng)訖C(jī)，志愿工作的潛在健康利益就會(huì)大大減少。根據(jù)前面的volunteers可知，此處指他們自己受益，介詞后面跟賓格，故填反身代詞themselves。shouldbedeprivedoftherighttogainaccesstoreadingandeducation,includingthosewhoareevenstrugglingwithsurvival.些為生存而掙扎的人。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“沒有人”，故填Nobody。16．(2020·湖南省長沙市長裙中學(xué)普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試考前演練)Goodcommunicationrequiresnotonlyspeaking________(you)opinion,buttheexchangeofideasisanessentialcomponent.不可少的組成部分。設(shè)空后有名詞opinion，故填形容詞性物主代詞your。4月聯(lián)考)Unemploymenthadimprovedpeopleinsomeways:theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesof________.了他人的困難。此處指代“其他人的”，故填others。18．(2020·黑龍江省哈爾濱市(東北三省四市)高三下學(xué)期檢測)Studiesshowthatpeoplefeelhappierwhentheydosomethingkindfor________person,andbothrecipientsandgooddeeddoerscangetthebenefits.答案：another句意：研究表明，當(dāng)人們?yōu)樗俗鲆恍┥剖聲r(shí)，他們會(huì)感到更快樂，而受惠者和行善者都能從中獲益。此處表示不定數(shù)量中的“另外”，用不定代詞another，修飾名詞person，意為“他人”，故填another。19．(2020·炎德·英才大聯(lián)考長郡中學(xué)高三月考試卷)Readingbooksandlookingatpicturesisgreat,but________facilitateslearningliketravel,especiallyforteenagers.答案：nothing句意：讀書和看圖畫書很好，但沒有什么比旅行更能促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)，尤其是對(duì)青少年來說。根據(jù)句意，此處填不定代詞nothing，表示“沒有什么”。usedtotakethebus,butshewasnowtoofrightenedtogetaroundthecityby________(she)．答案：herself句意：她以前經(jīng)常坐公交，但她不敢獨(dú)自在市里走動(dòng)。byoneself“獨(dú)自地”，符合句意，故填herself。Ⅱ.選詞填空most,its,himself,all,nothing,mine,it,another,one,that,others,them1．(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)________soundscrazytotalkaboutguiltfreefur—unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear.答案：It此處是it＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞＋不定式作真正主語的結(jié)構(gòu)，it是形式主語，故填I(lǐng)t。willsurelyneedtoovercomesomedifficulties,someplanned,but________unplanned.答案：most與設(shè)空前的some對(duì)比，指生活中的困難，有些是計(jì)劃到的，而大多數(shù)是無法預(yù)料的，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故填most。4月適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練)It'sonethingtohearthenewsthatsealevelscouldriseashighas7feetinMaryland,butit's________toimaginewhatthatwilllooklikeinyourownbackyard.與設(shè)空前的it'sonethingonethingtodo...it'sanothertodo...表示“一回事……另一回事……”。4．(2020·四川省瀘縣第四中學(xué)高三三診模擬考試)Sometimesitcanbehardtorecognizeatruefriend,________whoisloyalandonewhoisworthkeepingbyyourside.答案：one替代詞替代前面提到的atruefriend，泛指“一個(gè)真正的朋友”，故填one。5．(2020·天津市河西區(qū)第二學(xué)期高三英語模擬試卷)Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthan________insomelargerschools.中代詞代指不可數(shù)名詞thequalityofeducation，故用代詞that。6．(2020·長春市普通高中高三質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)Expressingandreceivingappreciationincreasedhappinessforpeople,butpeople'sselfconsciousnessoftenmadeitlesspossiblefor________toexpresstheirappreciation.答案：them介詞for后接賓語，指代people，故用them。someplacesatipisexpected;butin________，goodserviceshouldbeexpectedandoughttobeincludedintheprice.答案：others與設(shè)空前的insomeplaces對(duì)比，“有些地方……另外一些地方……”，故填others。8．(2020·北京東城高三一模)Thegoshawk,ararebird,onceclosetoextinction,hasdoubled________numberinanationalparkinthesouthofEngland.答案：its句意：蒼鷹，一種曾經(jīng)瀕臨滅絕的稀有鳥類，現(xiàn)在在英格蘭南部的一個(gè)國家公園里它的數(shù)量翻了一番。number為名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its修飾。故填its。9．(2020·山東省濟(jì)南市高三5月模擬)Zagardevoted________tobeautifyingtheSouthStreetneighborhoodinthelate1960s,whenhemovedtotheareawithhiswifeJulia.答案：himselfdevoteoneselftodoingsth“獻(xiàn)身于……”，為固定搭配，根據(jù)設(shè)空前的Zegar和設(shè)空后的he可知，填himself。10．(2020·湖南省師大附中高三4月適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練)Toidentifythegenewhichproducesthespecificprotein,researchersusedageneeditingtechniquetotest________genesinthehumangenome(基因組)．答案：all句意：為了確定產(chǎn)生特定蛋白質(zhì)的基因，研究人員使用基因編輯技術(shù)來測試人類基因組中的所有基因。根據(jù)句意可知，此處填all，表示“所有的”。11．(2020·蘇北四市高三第一學(xué)期期末調(diào)研考試)Givinghas________todowithhowwellit'sreceived;it'sabouthowmuchit'sneeded.答案：nothinghavenothingtodowith“與……無關(guān)”，為固定用法，故填nothing。12．(2020·山西省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三年級(jí)下學(xué)期摸底測試)“CanIuseyourphoneforawhile?Iforgottotake________bychance.”MrLisaid.答案：mine此處意為“我忘記帶我的手機(jī)了”，故填mine。Ⅲ.單句寫作1．(2020·山東高考)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)and__________________________________________(想象自己生活在不同的歷史時(shí)期)orwalkingthrougharainforest.答案：imaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistory2．(2020·天津高考)Wecan'tputoffbuyinganewprinterforourcompany.__________________________(我們現(xiàn)在的那個(gè)不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了)．答案：Theonewehavedoesn'tworklikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthat______________________________(幫助某人獲得某種優(yōu)勢)．答案：helpsomebodygainanadvantage4．(2020·天津市部分區(qū)高三質(zhì)量調(diào)查試卷)ThoughreasonsforlearningChinesevary,____________________________________________________(但一個(gè)共同的原因是對(duì)中國燦爛文化的熱情)．答案：acommononeisenthusiasmforthecountry'srichculture5．(2020·長春市普通高中高三質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)You'dbettertrytokeepyourwordinthingsbigand______________________________助于樹立你的聲譽(yù))asbothreliableandtrustworthy.答案：thathelpsbuildyourreputation6．(2020·天津市南開區(qū)高三年級(jí)第二學(xué)期模擬考試)Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand__________________________(我們生存的唯一方式)istoliveinharmonywithnature.答案：theonlywayforustosurvive7．(2020·陜西省咸陽市高三年級(jí)第9次質(zhì)量檢測)Teaceremonies,____________________________(起源于中國的茶文化),differamongeasterncountries.答案：withitsrootsintheChineseteaculture8．(2020·天津一中高三年級(jí)第四次月考)MrLiisagoodmanwhoalwaysthinksmoreofothersthanhimself,__________________________________(我們應(yīng)該以他為榜樣)．答案：oneweshouldfollowtheexampleof9．(2020·山西省太原五中第二學(xué)期3月摸底考試)Happinessisaflowerlivinginthesunshine,and__________________________(并不難得到)．答案：itisnotdifficulttoreachforit10．(2020·天津市濱海新區(qū)高三檢測試題)ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamily,inwhich____________________________________一個(gè)父母都不會(huì)說英語的)．答案：neitheroftheparentsspokethelanguage11．(2020·天津市南開區(qū)高三年級(jí)第二學(xué)期模擬考試)____________________(雖然小提琴是他的主要興趣),Davidisalsoexcellentatguitar.答案：Whileviolinishismainfocus12．Thefishweateattherestaurantyesterdaywasverydelicious.__________________________(我還想再吃一次)evenifitcoststwiceasmuch.答案：I'dliketohaveitagainitcometopigs,wesomehowreachanagreementwhichpigsarelazy,ugly,stupidandshameless.______________________(這些詞沒有一個(gè))areexactpositivetodescribepigs.答案：Noneofthesewords14．(2020·江蘇省南通市高三5月階段性練習(xí))Ourvillageismakingeffortsto________________________________(轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式)topromotegreengrowth.答案：transformitsdevelopmentpattern15．(2020·湖南省湘潭縣一中高三5月模擬考試)Manmademeathas__________________________(所有營養(yǎng)和元素)thatmeathas,butdoesnotcomefromananimal.答案：allthenutrientsandelements介詞]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbased________ourpresentmentalregister.答案：onbebasedon“以……為基礎(chǔ)”，為固定短語，故填on。2．(2020·山東高考)Someindividualsarebornwithagift________publicspeaking.答案：foragiftfor...“有……天賦”，為固定詞組，故填for。3．(2020·浙江高考)Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemaderealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived________，throughagriculture.答案：in句意：公元前10,000年以后，人們第一次真正嘗試通過農(nóng)業(yè)來控制他們所居住的世界。結(jié)合句意，“theylived________”是定語從句，定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被省略，可推知先行詞theworldlivedintheworld。livein＋名詞，意為“居住在某地”。故填in。4．(2020·天津高考)IneverworriedaboutmysonwhileIwasawaybecausemymotherkeptaneye________him.答案：on句意：我不在的時(shí)候從不擔(dān)心我的兒子，因?yàn)槲夷赣H會(huì)照看他。keptaneyeon“照看，留意，密切注視”。故填on。5．(2020·天津高考)Formyfifthbirthday,mymotherbakedmeacakeintheshape________amonkey.答案：of句意：我五歲生日的時(shí)候，媽媽給我烤了一個(gè)猴子形狀的蛋糕。intheshapeof“呈……形狀”。故填of。6．(2019·浙江高考)Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer________thisquestionisnotclear.key/answerto...“……的答案是……”，是固定搭配。故填to。7．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)________shiningdarkeyes,theboyseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.喜歡公開演講的孩子。with表示“具有”。8．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Popularityisawellexploredsubject________socialpsychology.答案：in句意：受歡迎度是社會(huì)心理學(xué)中一個(gè)已經(jīng)深入探究的課題。in“在……中”。9．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Ireflect________howmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek.答案：onreflecton“反思”，為固定詞組。故填on。10．(2020·江蘇省南通市通州中學(xué)高三第二學(xué)期4月檢測試題)CharlesDarwinexplainedtheoriginofspeciesonearthinhisbookthatcame________in1859.1859年出版的書中解釋了地球上物種的起源。comeout“出版；出現(xiàn)”，故填out。11．(2020·陜西省漢中市高三模擬考試試題)AWorldBankreportestimatesriceproductionincoastalareasofBangladeshmayfall________15percentbytheyear2050.答案：by句意：世界銀行的一份報(bào)告估計(jì)，到2050年，孟加拉國沿海地區(qū)的稻米產(chǎn)量可能下降15%。fallby“下降了……”，符合句意。故填by。12．(2020·廣東省高三年級(jí)第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)Formeatlovers,anewstudyhasfoundalink________howmuchmeatapersoneatsandanincreasedriskofprematuredeath.答案：between句意：對(duì)于愛吃肉的人來說，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，一個(gè)人吃多少肉與過早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加之間存在聯(lián)系。固定短語between...and...“在……之間”，符合句意，故填between。greatpersonisalwaysputtingothers'interests________hisown.“高于；在……之上”，符合句意，故填above。14．(2020·四川省閬中中學(xué)高三適應(yīng)性考試)“ChineseBookshelf”，aprojectwhichaimstoprovidelocalreaderswithaccess________Chinesebooksandculture,waslaunchedTuesdayhere.答案：toaccessto為固定搭配，意為“接近，有權(quán)使用”，故填to。15．Thedogmaybeagoodcompanionfortheold.However,theneedtotakeit________walksmaybeadisadvantage.答案：for句意：狗也許是老年人的好陪伴。然而需要帶著狗去散步時(shí)也許有不便。take...forwalks“帶著……散步”，為固定搭配，故填for。16．(2020·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市高三教學(xué)情況調(diào)查)Thebeautifulscenerywaslaidout________thetravelerswhentheyreachedthetopofthehill.根據(jù)語境分析，風(fēng)景應(yīng)該是展現(xiàn)在人們的面前，故填before。17．(2020·湖南省湘潭縣一中高三5月模擬考試)Ourbrainsdegradeandchangeovertimeanditcausestherate________whichwetakeinandprocessnewinformationtodecline.答案：at根據(jù)前面的先行詞therate可知，此處填at，attherate“以……的速度”，為固定搭配。18．(2020·山東省淄博市高三第二次線上檢測試題)Saywhatyouwantclearlyanddirectly,whetheryou'respeakingtosomeone________personoronthephone.答案：ininperson“親自”，為固定詞組，故填in。19．(2019·江蘇省無錫市普通高中期終教學(xué)質(zhì)量抽測)Thegreatestgiftsinlifearenotpurchased,butacquired________hardworkanddetermination.答案：through句意：生活中最珍貴的禮物不是買來的，而是通過努力和決心獲得的。through表示“通過”，故填through。weteachtoday'schildrenwithyesterday'sconventionalteachingmethod,we'llrobthem________tomorrow.就會(huì)剝奪他們的明天。robsbofsth“剝奪某人某物”，故填of。Ⅱ.選詞填空(一詞多選)without,for,of,from,by,on,with,behind,to1．(2020·山東高考)Museumsmustcompete________people'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.答案：for此處是固定搭配，competefor指“為……而競爭/比賽”，博物館要為了顧客投入的空閑時(shí)間和金錢而和其他娛樂方式展開競爭，故填for。2．(2020·江蘇高考)Wewereraisedonbooksandcomputers,highwaysandcellphones,butnowwewerelivinginavillage________runningwaterorelectricity.答案：without句意：我們從小靠書本、電腦、高速公路和手機(jī)長大，但表示轉(zhuǎn)折，根據(jù)語境，此處填without。3．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource________inspirationfordesigners.答案：of句意：中國一直是服裝設(shè)計(jì)師的靈感來源，這已經(jīng)不是秘密。asourceof“……的來源”。故填of。4．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapayaandotherfruits________theirtreesinthebackyard.答案：from此處表示“來自后院樹上的水果”，from“來自……”。5．(2019·天津高考)________openinganovel,IcanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulandmysteriousworldwhereIamnowanewcharacter.句意：通過打開一本小說，我能夠放下負(fù)擔(dān)，進(jìn)入一個(gè)奇妙而神秘的世界，在這里我現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)新的人物。此處介詞by表示“通過做……的方式”，故填By。6．(2020·四川省瀘縣第四中學(xué)高三三診模擬考試)Ifyourfriendsarefinewithhuggingyou,leaningonyou,restingtheirheads________yourshoulderandsoforth,thenyoucanjudgetheyloveyou.答案：on此處表示“把頭依靠在你的肩膀上”，on表示“接觸……的表面”，故填on。7．(2020·甘肅省蘭州一中期中考試)TheChinaPavilionwillbebuiltwiththetheme“Buildingacommunity________asharedfutureformankind—InnovationandOpportunity.”國館將建成。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是community。with短語作后置定語，修飾前面的8．(2020·陜西省高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測卷(二))Themajorbrowsers,Chrome,InternetExplorer,Firefox,andSafariareallbuilttobesecure________snoopingbutthepeoplewhowritethecodeforthebrowsersarehumanandtheymakemistakes.答案：from句意：主要的瀏覽器Chrome、InternetExplorer、Firefox和Safari都是為了防止窺探而構(gòu)建的，但是為瀏覽器編寫代碼的都是人，他們會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。besecurefrom“使……免于……”，為固定搭配，故填from。9．(2020·天津市和平區(qū)高三年級(jí)第二次質(zhì)量檢測)Theideas________mostinventionscomefrompeopletryingtosolveaproblem.力。behind“在……后面”。故填behind。10．(2020·江蘇省蘇州市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)第二學(xué)期5月測試)Competitionforentry________theseprogramsiskeen,andapplicantsneedaboveaveragegradestogainadmission.平的成績，才能獲得許可。entryto...“……的入口；進(jìn)入”，為固定搭配，故填to。11．(2020·江蘇省常熟市高三階段性抽測三)Interms________moneyspent,China's“Singles'Day”ofconsumptionhasalreadyovershadowedpredictionsofThanksgiving,BlackFridayandCyberMondaycombined.對(duì)感恩節(jié)、黑色星期五和網(wǎng)絡(luò)星期一的預(yù)測總和。intermsof“從……的角度”，為固定短語，此處是就中國“光棍節(jié)”的消費(fèi)規(guī)模而言，故填of。12．(2020·北大附中高三第二學(xué)期英語階段性檢測)Easyaccess________awiderangeofeverydaygoodsleadstoasenseofpowerlessnessinmanypeopleendingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway,orjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywanted.答案：toaccessto“使用/利用……的機(jī)會(huì)”，為固定搭配，故填to。Ⅲ.單句寫作1．(2020·浙江高考)________________________________(我5歲以前就開始自己看書)andmymothertookmetothepubliclibraryonceaweektoborrowseveralbooks.答案：Istartedreadingbooksonmyownbeforeage5bookDonQuixote________________________(結(jié)果成為了一本)thathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.答案：turnsouttobeone3．(2019·浙江高考)________________________________(很多因素促成了)thedeclineofbigtrees.答案：Manyfactorscontributedto4．(2019·浙江高考)Therearelotsofwaysto______________________(提高人們對(duì)一項(xiàng)事業(yè)的意識(shí))．答案：raiseawarenessforacause5．(2020·江蘇省海安高級(jí)中學(xué)高三年級(jí)模擬考試)Hopefullythenewdirector__________________________________(能使我們失敗的生意起死回生)．答案：isabletoturnaroundourfailingbusiness6．(2020·江蘇省常鎮(zhèn)四市高三教學(xué)情況調(diào)查)ChinesetechgiantHuaweilauncheditsnewoperatingsystemcalledHarmony,___________________