最新高中英語最實用語法一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時、將來完成時講解和經(jīng)典習(xí)題

PAGEPAGE9I.一般過去時一般過去時：在過去發(fā)生的動作，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束。根本用法：過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。表示過去時間的時間狀語：last+時間、時間+ago、yesterday、justnow、theotherday、onceuponatime、atthattime、then2.表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，可與頻度副詞always、usually、often等連用。表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作，除了用動詞過去式外，還可以用usedtodosth、woulddosth表示說話人始料未及的事情Ididn’tknowitwasyou.Ineverthoughtyouwouldbringmeagift.賓語從句時態(tài)：主現(xiàn)從、主過從表示已去世者的情況或過去的歷史。II.現(xiàn)在完成時根本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has+過去分詞(done)二．句型：否認句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.簡略答語:Yes,主語+have/has.(肯定)No,主語+haven't/hasn't.(否認)三．用法〔1〕現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果Ihavespentallofmymoney(sofar).(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)Guozijunhas(just/already)come.(含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒)Myfatherhasgonetowork.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒)〔2〕現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作〔用行為動詞表示〕或狀態(tài)〔be動詞表示〕常與for〔+時間段〕,since〔+時間點或過去時的句子〕連用.①for+時段②since+過去一個時間點〔譯為：自從……以來〕③since+時段+ago④主句〔現(xiàn)在完成時〕since+從句〔一般過去時〕→主完從過●⑤Itis/hasbeen+時段+since+從句〔過去時〕Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.⑥Itis+第幾次〔thefirsttime〕that+句子〔現(xiàn)在完成時〕四．hasgone(to),hasbeen(to),hasbeen(in)的區(qū)別Have/Hasgone(to):去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)Whereisyourfather？HehasgonetoShanghai.Have/Hasbeen(to):去過〔已不在去過的地方〕MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.Have/hasbeenin：呆了多久〔還在所呆的地方〕MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths./sincetwomonthsago.五．現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志1.現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達這種含義:*以already,just和yet為標(biāo)志Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的幫助。Hehasjustseenthefilm.他剛剛看過這場電影。Hehasn'tcomebackyet.他還沒有回來。already與yet的區(qū)別：句型——在句中的位置——*以ever和never為標(biāo)志ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他從沒有到過北京。*以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志,once,twice,threetimes,severaltimesHesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。*以sofar=bynow〔到目前為止〕為標(biāo)+beforeHehasgottoBeijingsofar.到目前為止他已到了北京。Shehaspassedtheexamsofar.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù)〞的特性和“時間〞點段的區(qū)分入手,進一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時。*①for+時段②since+過去一個時間點〔過去從句〕為標(biāo)志注意：瞬間動詞〔buy,die,join,come，go,leave,join……〕不能直接與forsince連用。要改變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動詞buyhave、borrowkeep、come/arrive/reach/gettobein、gooutbeout、leavebeawaybeginbeon、finishbeover、openbeopen、closebeclosed、diebedead③與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的過去點時間recently,lately,already,yet,before,still六.注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能與when連用3)現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用總結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語1與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的過去點時間recently,lately,already,yet,before,still2與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的頻度時間ever,never,once,twice,threetimes,severaltimes,often,seldom,always,timeandtimeagain3與過去有關(guān)的現(xiàn)在點時間just,now,today,tonight,thisweek,thisyearthismorning,thisafternoon,thisevening,thismonth,thisMay,thisOctober,thisNovember1假設(shè)想強調(diào)動作從何時開始(ever)since2假設(shè)想強調(diào)動作持續(xù)了多久for(aday,severalmonths,manyyears,,howlong)for(twohours,sixmonths,quitealongtime)3假設(shè)想強調(diào)整體的時間all(morning,night,day,year,theseyears,mylife)all(thewhile,thesedays,thesetendays)4假設(shè)想強調(diào)與過去有關(guān)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間uptonow,uptothepresent,tillnow,untilnow,sofar,bynowinthelastfewyears,inthepast30years,thesedays,theseweeks,theseyearsIII.過去完成時過去完成時:haddone一．根本用法1.過去完成時表示“過去的過去〞，使用過去完成時必須有過去的另一時間作參照，是否表達“過去的過去〞經(jīng)常要根據(jù)上下文來判斷。2.表示愿望、打算類的詞，如hope、expect、mean、intend、want、think等，用過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖等。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.二．過去完成時的句型1.主語+過去完成時+①when引導(dǎo)的從句〔過去式〕2.主語+過去完成時+②by+過去的時間點/bytheendof+過去的時間點3.主語+過去完成時+③bythetime引導(dǎo)的從句〔過去式〕4.主語+過去完成時+④before引導(dǎo)的從句〔過去式〕/before+過去的時間點5.nosooner+主句〔過去完成時〕……than+從句〔一般過去時〕……=hardly(scarcely)+主句〔過去完成時〕……when+從句〔一般過去時〕……：“一……就……〞注意：nosooner/hardly/scarcely位于句首時，主句要倒裝NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanitbegantorain.Hardlyhadwegottentherewhenitbegantorain.Itwas+時間段+since+從句〔過去完成時〕Itwas+第幾次〔thefirsttime〕that+句子〔過去完成時〕三．過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。過去完成時表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強調(diào)“過去的過去〞，只有和過去某時或某動作相比擬時，才用到它。IV.將來完成時shall/willhavedone一．構(gòu)成形式第一人稱：will/shallhavedone其他人稱：willhavedone二．用法：將來完成時表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作三．將來完成時的句型主語+將來完成時+before/by/bytheendof+將來時間主語+將來完成時+before/bythetime+從句〔一般現(xiàn)在時〕課堂練習(xí)〔2023-高考北京卷〕——Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.——Yeah,itusawholeweektogetthere.takesB.hastakenC.tookD.wastaking——BobhasgonetoCalifornia.——Oh,canyoutellmewhenhe?A.hasleftB.leftC.isleavingD.wouldleaveThefactthatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplacesthatwemayneedanationwidecampaigntoraiseawarenessoftherisksofsmoking.suggestB.suggestsC.suggestedD.suggesting——Whatamistake!——Yes.Ihisdoingitanotherway,butwithoutsuccess.wassuggestingB.willsuggestC.wouldsuggestD.hadsuggestedBytheendofthisyear,Ienoughmoneyforaholiday.willsaveB.willbesavingC.willhavesavedD.havesavedItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIsinceIcametothisschool.attendedB.hadattendedC.amattendingD.haveattended——Tommyisplanningtobuyacar.——Iknow.Bynextmonth,heenoughforausedone.savesB.savedC.willsaveD.willhavesavedBothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_______what’shappenedtohim.Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknowHehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.stillHaveyoumetMr.Li______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentagoThefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;betterOnhernextbirthday,Annmarriedfortwentyyears.isB.hasbeenC.willbeD.willhavebeen——Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?——No.I(read)thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.BeforeIrealizedthatwhatIsaidatthemeetingdidhurthim,he(drive)awaywithoutaword.ExperimentsofthiskindinboththeUSandEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.haveconductedB.havebeenconductedC.hadconductedD.hadbeenconductedIhavebeenstudyinghereforfouryears,bynextsummerI.shallgraduateB.shallbegraduatedC.shallbegraduatingD.shallhavegraduatedIhopeherhealthgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.improvesB.improvedC.willbeimprovedD.willhaveimprovedWe______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knewHarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrivedHurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.beganIt_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.wasMissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeenMyparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeenThestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’ttheyhasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrivedHisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity——AreyougoingtoRichard’sbirthdayparty?——Yes.BythenImyhomework.hadfinishedB.willhavefinishedC.wouldhavefinishedD.finishedIsupposebythetimeIcomebackintenyears’timealltheseoldhousedown.willhavebeenpulledB.willbepullingC.willhavepulledD.willbepulledIhopethattheytheroadbythetimewecomeback.willhaverepairedB.wouldhaverepairedC.haverepairedD.repairBythetimeJanegetshomehisaunt______forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.haveleft—IhearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar.—Iknow.Bynextmonth,he_______enoughforausedone.A.willhavesavedB.willbesavingC.hassavedD.SavesThepenIIisonmydesk,rightundermynose.think;lostB.thought;hadlostC.think;hadlostD.thought;havelostHelenherkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandhome.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcomeTheyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.IsaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceIagooddrink.hadenjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.enjoyedD.hadbeenenjoying——Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?——I(hope)to,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe_____forthewedding.willplanB.hasplannedC.wouldplanD.hadplannedIwasgivingatalktoalargegroupofpeople,thesametalkI______tohalfadozenothergroups.wasgivingB.amgivingC.hadgivenD.havegivenFatherforLondononbusinessuponmyarrival,soIdidn’tseehim.A.hasleftB.leftC.wasleavingD.hadleftShe______herhairstyleinherhometownbeforeshecametoChongqingforabetterjob.wouldchangeB.haschangedC.changedD.waschangingHe______tospendtheimportantdaywithuslastSunday,buthewastoobusythen.hopedB.hashopedC.hadhopedD.wouldhopedWhentheoldman______towalkbacktohishouse,thesun______itselfbehindthemountain.A.started;hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hidSalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990s,whenpeople______toenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnology.A.beginB.beganC.havebegunD.hadbegun—Oh,isthatyou,Bob?—Err...yes.Ah,you’reMary.SorryI_____you.Wehaven’tseeneachotherfortenyears,havewe?A.didn’trecognizeB.hadn’trecognizedC.haven’trecognizedD.don’trecognizeHeaskedme_____duringthesummerholidays.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgoneWhat____Jane____bythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,doneI______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learntBythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_____thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascookedShesaidshe__________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseenBythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversityC.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversityShehadwrittenanumberofbooks______theendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.atBytheendoflastweek,they____thebridge.hascompletedB.completedC.willcompleteD.hadcompletedJimturnedoffthelightsandthen_____theclassroom.A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.leftThestudents_________theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleanedFergie_______theprojectinonehour.A.havefinishedB.