新視野大學(xué)英語Unit1

Unit1Etymologicalinformation.Chinesecharacters;抓,打,撲，拍,扣,擰,捅,指,揮,提。踢,跳,躍,趾,蹦,踹,.EnglishvocabularyCap-(Lat.Caput,head)Capital,capitalism,capitalize,captain,decapitateOcul-(Lat.Oculus,eye)Ocular,oculist,biocular,inoculateManu-,man-(Lat.Hand)Manage,manuscript,manicure,manual,manipulatePed-Lat.(pes,foot)Pedal,pedestrian,pedicure,biped.Centipedeexpedite,impede,expedienceVivere-(Lat.)=tolive(pp.victus,vita)Vitamine,vital,vivid,vivify,revitalize,devitalize,revive,vivacious,revival,survive,reviviscence,survivor,revivifySimilis(Lat.=like,same)Simile,similar,similarity,similitude,simulate,simutaneous,assimilate,assimilation,dissimilate,(使...異化)verisimilitude(逼真),fassimile(復(fù)制)Fac,feet,fie(Lat.facere.do)Fact,factory,facilitate,benefactor,malefactor,facile,perfect.effect,infect,disinfect,office,sacrificedeficient,-ory(Lat.)=placeDormitory,factory,laboratory,territory,observatory,pellereLat.pp.pulsus=driveAppeal.Pulse,compel,expulsion,expel,impel,repulse,repeal,repulsion,repellent,impulse,dispel,propulsionNeg-Lat.NegareNegate,negation,negative,neglect,negligible,negotiate(otiose,leisure),Flulat.Fluere.=flowInfluence,fluent,fluencyfluid,flush,affluentconfluent,circumfluent,effluent,flux(漲潮,變遷)，refluence,mellifluous(mel,Lat.honey)Sequi-(Lat.Sequ-,secut-,su-)=followSequent,sequel,consequence,subsequence,sequential,obsequential,WordsofPsycologicalstatesfrustrate,bore,embarrass(conversepsycologicalverbs)boring,frustrating,tiresome,tedium,monotomous,apetheticfeellike,want,wish,like,carvefor,fancy,will.Desire,longforsth./doingsth.,lustafter,SentencepatternsA正反判斷句a.Sofarfrombeing,+pred.+S.+Pred.+etc.Sofarfrombeingahelp,heisahindrance.Sofarfrombeingashamedofit,hegloriesinit.b.unlikeIwasveryinterestedinthisbook,unlikemostofmyclassmates.BNowthat(時(shí)間/原因)NowthatIhaveheardthemusic,Iunderstandwhyyoulikeit.Nowthatyouarewellagainyoucantravel.C,含蓄比較句Advantageover.HerFrenchupbringinggiveshercertainadvantageoveranopponent.Seniorto/juniorto.Heis10yearssenior/juniortome..Sheisseniortome,sinceshejoinedthecompanybeforeme.survive.TheoldladyhassurvivedallherchildrenD,含蓄否定句a.barrer.Poorhealthmaybeabarriertosuccess.b.Hindersb./sth.fromsth./doingsth..Productionwashindeedbylackofmaterials.c.ratherthan=andnot作為準(zhǔn)并列連詞JohnoughttogoratherthanJane.I'mgoingtoforgetthewholeaffair,ratherthancausetrouble.Heistobepitiedratherthantobedisliked.E.擇比句rather...than/more...thana.more...than的反向說法Heisanartistratherthanaphilosopher.（與其說他是ー個(gè)哲學(xué)家,不如說他是個(gè)藝術(shù)家）Heismorediligentthanclever.（與其說他聰明,不如說他勤奮）Itismoreapoemthanapicture.（與其說是一幅畫,不如說是一首詩）F.主觀選擇句wouldrather+do+than+do.Hewouldratherdieasafreemanthanliveasaslave.PuzzlesA邊緣介詞insteadofInsteadof+NP/AP/ADJ/PPl.Awordofencouragementmighthavemademerespectinsteadofhatehim.SheaskedmewhetherIwanttocookinsteadofwrite.Asaresult,silverbegantoflowout,insteadofinto,thecountry.TheplayactsbetterinsteadofworsethanitreadsYououghttoweepinsteadoflaugh.B準(zhǔn)并列連詞aswellas,alongwith,asmuchas,togetherwith.當(dāng)用來連接主語時(shí),位于動(dòng)詞的數(shù)有第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù)來決定Theteacher,alongwithacommitteeofbrightstudents,hascompiledareadinglist.C.aswellas=inadditionto,besides.l.Hespentallhismoney,aswellaswastinghistime.asAswellasvisitingNiagaraFalls,wespentadayinToronto.D鏈接動(dòng)詞(catenativeverbs)cometo,getto,+就態(tài)動(dòng)詞(know,understand,like,live)從無起點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞變成有起點(diǎn)意義。Howdoyoucometoknowhim?Ihopeweshallbefriendsandcometounderstandeachother.Ishallgettolikethemintime,Isuppose.E.nolessthan,nomorethan,nolargerthan,nofewerthanHepaidnolessthan10000dollarsforthispicture.Theyhavedesignednolessthan100kindsoflathes.ItalianisnolessthanamonthertongueforhimthanEnglish.Awhaleisnolessthanamammalthanahorseis.Heisnoguiltythanyou.Nofewerthan1000000peopleliveinthiscity.Hegotnomoreofthevotesthanheneeded.F.Ratherthana. todoratherthan+dodoingHewanttosunbathratherthan(to)swimRatherthangothere,I'dprefertostayhereonmyown.Theiractionsprecipitatedthewarratherthanavertingit.CauseandEffectCausesareverydiffculttoidentifywithabsolutecertainty,andifyouarenotabsolutelysure,thenitisimportanttobehonestandsaythatyouarenotsure.Herearesomephraseswhichexpressthetentative,theprovisional,thespeculative:Itwouldseem/appearthat...Itisquitepossiblethat...Itislikelythat...Itissaidthat...Therumorhasitthat...Presumably...Therisevidencetosuggestthat...XmayberesponsibleforY.Recentfindingssuggestthat...ThereisatendencyforXtodo...Thereappearstobea(statistical)correlationbetweenXandY.Group1Because,AsSinceFor,5a.Thereasonbeingthat,5b.therationalebeingthat.forthesimplereasonthat,.especiallyas/when8a..allthemoresoas/when8b.thelesssoas/when.notleastbecause.nowthat(informal).seeingthat(informal)12.consideingthat13a.giventhat13b.giventhefactthat14.inviewofthefactthat15.Owingtothefactthat16a.Insofaras16b.Inasmuchas1.4-9cannotbeginasentence.2.Especiallyas,allthemoresoas,especiallywhen,notleastbecausepresentadditionalreasonsforsth..Wereallyoughttogototheparty especiallyasitwillbeachancetosocicalisewiththeboss..Honestyiscertainlythebestpolicyinlife——notleastbecauselyinganddeceptiondemandsomuchingenuity..Frankly,IhavelittleinterestinOldEnglish thelesssowhenIthinkofhowmuchtimeIhadtospendstudyingit.(Also,especicallywhen)Insofarasandinasmuchasareusedespeciallyintheabsenceofotherreasons..Inasmuchasheoncehelpedus,Isupposeweoughttohelphim.(Therearenonotherreasonsforhelpinghim).ExercisesJimmyCarterwontheelections,(?)hehadthenicestsmile.Hewasofferedthejob,(?)becausehisunclewaspresidentofthecompany.(?)youarehere,let'sgodowntobusiness.I'vegotlittlesympathyforher,(?)Irealisehowmuchdistressshe'scauseedothers.Group2(Verbs).Cause.Giveriseto.Leadto.Occasion(anxity,pricerise,aremark).Provoke(anger,laughter,asmile,acrisis,ariot).Triggeroff(acrisis,violence,achainofreaction).Precipitate(acrisis,disaster).Entail(doingsth.--esp.sth.diffcult).Involve(doingsth.—esp.sth.diffcult)疑問詞+帶to不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的功能及用法疑問代詞Who/whomWhatWhich

疑問副詞+疑問副詞+todoWhereHowWhen連接詞Whether這類結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞短語的作用,在句子中作主語,賓語,表語等等1作主語（相當(dāng)于疑問詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句）Whentostartremainsundecided.Howtodotheexperimenthasnotbeendiscussedyet.Hewilldotheexperimentthisafternoon,whethertosucceedorfailisdoubtful..作賓語Shedidn'tknowwhichbustotake.Wemustknowhowtojudgeaperson..作介詞賓語Wetalkedaboutthequestionofwhomeoelect..作表語,Theproblemiswhattodonext.Whatworrieshimiswheretofindtheman..作同位語Ihavenoideawhichjobtodofirst.Thequestionwhethertogoornotshouldbeputout..作獨(dú)立問句Whattodonext?Howtogetridofthetruble?Wheretogo?Why要加不帯to的不定式構(gòu)成獨(dú)、'/:問句。Whynotdo一般用來表建議。Whystayathome?Whynotaskhimforhelp?Notes;.這種結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞總是后于謂語動(dòng)詞,因此,只有一般式,和主動(dòng)式,否則,要用從句。.1forgotwhereIturnoffthemainroadlasttime.(#Iforgotwheretoturnoffthemainroadlasttime.).這種結(jié)構(gòu)其邏輯主語是句子主語或是泛指,不能有forsb.引入作其邏輯主語,否則,用從句。.1knowwhenyouwillwriteacomposition^#Iknowforyoutowriteacomposition).該結(jié)構(gòu)否定式偶見。.1knowwhichtochooseandwhichnottochoose.It作主語的句子的主語. 代替剛提到的事物。Whatisthis?—Itisaharvester..起指示代詞的作用Whoisknockingatthedoor?—It'sme