2022年考研考博-考博英語-復旦大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號56

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-復旦大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thepolicearedoingalltheycantobringthoseresponsibleforthebombingto（）.

問題1選項

A.evidence

B.hearing

C.justice

D.rule

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。evidence“證據(jù)，證明”；hearing“聽力；審訊”；justice“司法，法律制裁，正義”；rule“統(tǒng)治，規(guī)則”。句意：警察正竭盡全力找出爆炸案的元兇將之繩之以法。選項C符合題意。

2.翻譯題

人類是一個不斷的自然進化過程的產物，其中包括無數(shù)次的遺傳轉化：這一不可阻擋的過程自45億年前地球形成以來一直未曾間斷過。這一進化過程，受環(huán)境因素的影響，經過隨機突變，形成了更具適應性的系統(tǒng)，從而保證了其連續(xù)性。在動物世界，這導致了更高級物種的進化，并在人類身上達到了極致。我認為人類掌握了自身的命運，因為人類已經獲得創(chuàng)新思維的能力。

創(chuàng)新思維能力的獲得大大加速了自然進化的過程。它導致了人類文明諸多方面的巨大進步。如在藝術、文學、醫(yī)學、技術上，在屬于人類智慧擴展前沿科學上尤其如此。然而，正是科學的這些進步使得人類獲得了自我毀滅的功能，導致了消滅人類自身的工具的發(fā)展。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish

【答案】Humanbeingisaproductoftheconstantevolutionarywhichinvolvesnumerousgenetictransformations,andhasgoneuninterruptedsincetheEarthcameintobeing4.5billionyearsago.Subjecttoenvironmentalfactorsandundergoingrandommutation,thisevolutionaryprocessdevelopsintoamoreadoptablesystemtoensurethecontinuity.Intheanimalworld,thissystemleadstotheevolutionofmoreadvancedspeciesandreachesitspeak.Ithinkhumanbeingsmastertheirowndestinies,fortheyhaveobtainedthecreativethinking.

Creativethinkinggreatlyacceleratesthespeedofnaturalevolution.Itleadstogreatachievementsinhumancivilization,suchasart,literature,medicine,technology,especiallyinsciencewhichstandsfortheforefrontoftheexpansionofhumanintelligence.However,thoseadvancementsinsciencealsoenablehumanstoself-destruction,andresultinthedevelopmentoftoolsfordestroyinghumanbeings.

3.單選題

Iknowofnootherqualitiesthanthinkingwhichmakesfortheperfectionofthemind（）italonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts.

問題1選項

A.incase

B.providingthat

C.forallthat

D.inasmuchas

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。incase“以防”；providingthat“假如”；forallthat“盡管”；inasmuchas“因為”。句意：我想沒有比思考更能完善人的思想的了，因為它讓我們成為人類，與其他動物區(qū)分開來。選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

ThenameofFlorenceNightingalelivesinthememoryoftheworldbyvirtueoftheheroicadventureoftheCrimea.Hadshedied—asshenearlydid—uponherreturntoEngland,herreputationwouldhardlyhavebeendifferent；herlegendwouldhavecomedowntousalmostasweknowittoday—thatgentlevisionoffemalevirtuewhichfirsttookshapebeforetheadoringeyesofthesicksoldiersatScutari.Yet,asamatteroffact,shelivedformorethanhalfacenturyaftertheCrimeanWar；andduringthegreaterpartofthatlongperiodalltheenergyandallthedevotionofherextraordinarynaturewereworkingattheirhighestpitch.Whatsheaccomplishedinthoseyearsofunknownlaborcould,indeed,hardlyhavebeenmoregloriousthanherCrimeantriumphs；butitwascertainlymoreimportant.Thetruehistorywasfarstrangereventhanthemyth.InMissNightingale’sowneyestheadventureoftheCrimeawasamereincident—scarcelymorethanausefulstepping-stoneinhercareer.Itwasthefulcrumwithwhichshehopedtomovetheworld；butitwasonlythefulcrum.Formorethanagenerationshewastositinsecret,workingherlever:andherreallifebeganattheverymomentwhen,inpopularimagination,ithadended.

ShearrivedinEnglandinashatteredstateofhealth.Thehardshipsandtheceaselesseffortsofthelasttwoyearshadunderminedhernervoussystem；herheartwasaffected；shesufferedconstantlyfromfainting-fitsandterribleattacksofutterphysicalprostration.Thedoctorsdeclaredthatonethingalonewouldsaveher—acompleteandprolongedrest.Butthatwasalsotheonethingwithwhichshewouldhavenothingtodo.Shehadneverbeeninthehabitofresting；whyshouldshebeginnow?Now,whenheropportunityhadcomeatlast；now,whentheironwashot,anditwastimetostrike?No；shehadworktodo；and,comewhatmight,shewoulddoit.Thedoctorsprotestedinvain；invainherfamilylamentedandentreated,invainherfriendspointedouttoherthemadnessofsuchacourse.Madness?Mad—possessed—perhapsshewas.Afrenzyhadseizeduponher.Asshelayuponhersofa,gasping,shedevouredblue-books,dictatedletters,and,intheintervalsofherpalpitations,crackedjokes.Formonthsatastretchsheneverleftherbed.Butshewouldnotrest.Atthisrate,thedoctorsassuredher,evenifshedidnotdie,shewouldbecomeaninvalidforlife.Shecouldnothelpthat；therewasworktobedone；and,asforrest,verylikelyshemightrest...whenshehaddoneit.

Wherevershewent,toLondonorinthecountry,inthehillsofDerbyshire,oramongtherhododendronsatEmbley,shewashauntedbyaghost.ItwasthespecterofScutari—thehideousvisionoftheorganizationofamilitaryhospital.Shewouldlaythatphantom,orshewouldperish.ThewholesystemoftheArmyMedicalDepartment,theeducationoftheMedicalOfficer,theregulationsofhospitalprocedure...rest?Howcouldsherestwhilethesethingswereastheywere,while,ifthelikenecessityweretoariseagain,thelikeresultswouldfollow?And,eveninpeaceandathome,whatwasthesanitaryconditionoftheArmy?Themortalityinthebarracks,was,shefound,nearlydoublethemortalityincivillife.“Youmightaswelltake1,100meneveryyearoutuponSalisburyPlainandshootthem，”shesaid.AfterinspectingthehospitalsatChatham,shesmiledgrimly.“Yes，thisisonemoresymptomofthesystemwhich,intheCrimea,puttodeath16,000men.”Scutarihadgivenherknowledge；andithadgivenherpowertoo:herenormousreputationwasatherback—anincalculableforce.Otherwork,otherduties,mightliebeforeher；butthemosturgent,themostobvious,ofallwastolooktothehealthoftheArmy.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theworkdoneduringthelastfiftyyearsofFlorenceNightingale’slifewas，whencomparedwithherworkintheCrimea,allofthefollowingexcept（）.

2.Paragraph2paintsapictureofawomanwhois（）.

3.TheprimarypurposeofParagraph3isto（）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetohismaterialis（）.

5.Inherstatement(Paragraph3,Sentence8)MissNightingaleintendedto（）.

問題1選項

A.lessdramatic

B.lessdemanding

C.lesswell-knowntothepublic

D.moreimportant

問題2選項

A.mentallyshattered

B.stubbornandquerulous

C.physicallyweakbutmentallyindomitable

D.purposefulyettiresome

問題3選項

A.accountforconditionsinthearmy

B.showtheneedforhospitalreform

C.explainMissNightingale’smainconcerns

D.arguethatpeacetimeconditionswereworsethanwartimeconditions

問題4選項

A.disinterestedreportingofbiographicaldetails

B.over-inflationofareputation

C.debunkingamyth

D.interpretationaswellasnarration

問題5選項

A.criticizetheconditionsinhospitals

B.highlighttheunhealthyconditionsunderwhichordinarysoldierswereliving

C.provethatconditionsinthebarrackswereasbadasthoseinamilitaryhospital

D.ridiculethedangersofarmylife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:南丁格爾女士后五十年的工作，作者認為是費盡心力的，選項Blessdemanding顯然是錯誤的；作者用legend來形容南丁格爾后來在克里米亞的經歷，Whatsheaccomplishedinthoseyearsofunknownlaborcould,indeed,hardlyhavebeenmoregloriousthanherCrimeantriumphs;butitwascertainlymoreimportant,雖然不那么廣為人知，但是卻更為重要。選項B符合題意。

第2題:文章第二段第二句提到南丁格爾女士的身體狀況：underminedhernervoussystem,herheartwasaffected,fainting-fits,physicalprostration，這都說明她的身體是虛弱的，但是她卻依然不忘記工作，顯然她的精神依然沒被擊垮，選項C符合題意。

第3題:文章第三段主要講述了南丁格爾女士對軍隊醫(yī)療條件的擔憂，選項C符合題意。

第4題:作者講述了南丁格爾女士在克里米亞戰(zhàn)后的生活，整篇文章都是對主人公的贊美，但并沒有吹捧，選項B排除；選項A與C是否定意味，排除，所以選項D符合題意。

第5題:南丁格爾關注的是軍隊的醫(yī)療條件，最后一段最后一句話butthemosturgent,themostobvious,ofallwastolooktothehealthoftheArmy，她認為最迫切的問題就是去救助軍隊里的生命，所以選項B符合題意，她是為了指出普通士兵所生活的不衛(wèi)生的環(huán)境。

5.單選題

JohnglancedatMarytoseewhatshethought,butsheremained（）.

問題1選項

A.manifest

B.obnoxious

C.inscrutable

D.obscene

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。manifest“明白的，清楚的”；obnoxious“討厭的，可憎的”；inscrutable“神秘的，難以了解的，不能預測的”；obscene“猥褻的，淫穢的”。句意：約翰瞥了一眼瑪麗，想知道她在想什么，但是瑪麗仍舊保持著神秘的樣子。選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Theproblemofwherewewillraisethefundsfortheschemehasnotyetbeen（）.

問題1選項

A.accessed

B.addressed

C.dealt

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。access“使用；存??；接近”；address“向……致詞；從事；忙于；處理”；deal“處理”；express“表達”。句意：我們應該從何處來募集這個計劃的資金這個問題還沒有得到處理。deal表示處理后面要接介詞with，所以選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

Jackneedsstraighteningout;hehasbeen_____thewholefemalepopulationofhisclass.

問題1選項

A.standingupto

B.owningupto

C.messingaroundwith

D.makingupfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。standupto“經得起，抵抗”；ownupto“承認錯誤”；messaroundwith“胡鬧，玩弄”；makeupfor“補償，彌補”。句意：杰克需要改正錯誤，因為他一直和班上女生打鬧。選項C符合題意。

8.翻譯題

我認為沒有人不喜歡到處去看看：多看看他人，多閱他鄉(xiāng)，不但可以認識世界，亦可認識自己。有人旅行時乘豪華游輪，謝靈運再世大概也會如此。有人背負行囊，翻山越嶺；有人騎自行車環(huán)游天下。這些都令人羨慕。我所傾向的，卻是駕車長征，去看天涯海角。我的太太比我更愛旅行，所以夫妻兩人正好互做旅伴，這一點只怕徐霞客也要羨慕。不過徐霞客是大旅行家、大探險家，我們，只是淺游而已。

【答案】Inmymind,everybodylovestolookaround,meetingmorepeopleandvisitingmoreplaces.Theycannotonlyunderstandtheworld,butalsorecognizethemselves.Someofthemtraveledbyacruise,andXieLingyunmaybeoneofthemifhewouldreincarnate.Somepickedupthetravelingbagacrossthemountains.Sometraveledaroundtheworldbybike.Alloftheseareenviable.Ijustprefertodrivealongjourneyandseetheendsoftheearth.MywifeisfondoftravelingthanI,andthereforewetwoaretravelingcompanion,whichmaybeenviedbyXuXiake.ButXuisagreattravelerandexplorer.Weonlysuperficiallytravel.

9.單選題

Inherbrightyellowcoat,shewaseasily（

）inthecrowed.

問題1選項

A.accessible

B.identifiable

C.negligible

D.incredible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。accessible“易接近的，可進入的”；identifiable“可辨認的，可認明的”；negligible“微不足道的，可以忽略的”；incredible“難以置信的，驚人的”。句意：她穿著亮黃色的外套，在人群中很容易被認出來。選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

Ican（）thehousebeinguntidy，butIhateitifit’snotclean.

問題1選項

A.putinfor

B.putupwith

C.putdown

D.putacross

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。putinfor“申請”；putupwith“容忍，忍受”；putdown“記下，放下”；putacross“圓滿完成，使被接受”。句意：我可以忍受房子不整潔，但是我討厭房子不干凈。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Wearetoldthatthemassmediaarethegreatestorgansforenlightenmentthattheworldhasyetseen;thatinBritain,forinstance,severalmillionpeopleseeeachissueofthecurrentaffairsprogramme,Panorama.Itistruethatneverinhumanhistoryweresomanypeoplesooftenandsomuchexposedtosomanyintimationsaboutsocieties,formsoflife,attitudesotherthanthosewhichobtainintheirownlocalsocieties.Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities;widthofjudgment,asenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes.Yetinitselfsuchexposuredoesnotbringintellectualorimaginativedevelopment.Itisnonotethanthemassesofstonewhichliearoundinaquarryandwhichmay,conceivablygotothemakingofacathedral.Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdoesnotalwayspromptotherstobuild.Forthestonesareresentedwithinaself-containedandself-sufficientworldinwhich,itisimplied,simplytolookatthem,toobserve—fleetingly—individuallyinterestingpointsofdifferencebetweenthem,issufficientinitself.

Lifeisindeedfullofproblemsonwhichwehaveto—orfeelweshouldtryto—makedecisions,ascitizensorasprivateindividuals.Butneithertherealdifficultyofthesedecisions,northeirtrueanddisturbingchallengetoeachindividual,canoftenbecommunicatedthroughthemassmedia.Thedisinclinationtosuggestrealchoice,individualdecision,whichistobefoundinthemassmediaisnotsimplytheproductofacommercialdesire,tokeepthecustomershappy.Itiswithinthegrainofmasscommunications.TheorgansoftheEstablishment,howeverwell-intentionedtheymaybeandWhatevertheirform(theState,theChurch,voluntarysocieties,politicalparties),haveavestedinterestinensuringthatthepublicboatisnotviolentlyrocked,andwillsoaffectthosewhoworkwithinthemassmediathatthenwillbeledinsensiblytowardsformsofproductionwhich,thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandenquirydonotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchenquiriesmightreallyhurt,Theywilltendtomove,whenexposingproblems,wellwithintheacceptedclicheassumptions.Ofdemocraticsocietyandwilltendneitherradicallytoquestiontheseclichesnortomakeadisturbingapplicationofthemtofeaturesofcontemporarylife.Theywillstressthe“stimulation”theprogrammersgive,butthissoonbecomesanagitationofproblemsforthesakeoftheinterestofthatagitationinitself;theywilltherefore,again,assistaformofacceptanceofthestatusquo.Thereareexceptionstothistendency,buttheyareuncharacteristic.

Theresultcanbeseeninahundredradioandtelevisionprogrammersasplainlyasinthenormaltreatmentofpublicissuesinthepopularpress.Differentlevelsofbackgroundinthereadersorviewersmaybeassumed,butwhatusuallytakesplaceisasubstitutefortheprocessofarrivingatjudgment.Programmerssuchasthisarenoteworthylessforthe'stimulation'theyofferthanforthefactthatthatstimulation(repeatedatregularintervals)maybecomeasubstitutefor,andsoahindranceto,judgmentscarefullyarrivedatandtestedinthemindandonthepulses.Masscommunications,then,donotignoreintellectualmatters;theytendtocastratethem,toallowthemtositonthesideofthefireplace,sleekanduseless,afamilyplaything.

1.TheauthorholdsthattheEstablishmentshouldtryto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whenmasscommunicationsdealwithintellectualmatters,theyshould（）.

3.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedraljusttoshow（）.

4.Theword“fleetingly”inParagraph1means（）.

5.Inthepassagetheauthorcriticizesthemassmediafor（）.

問題1選項

A.doagoodservicetosociety

B.altertheformofpublicinstitutions

C.maintainitspositioninsociety

D.kindlestrongemotionsinthepublic

問題2選項

A.lookonthemasadomesticpastime

B.regardthemasmostpressingmatters

C.thinkofthemascontroversialmatters

D.considerthemtobeofonlydomesticinterest

問題3選項

A.sometimespayingcloseattentiontodetailsisextremelyimportant

B.greatworksofartusuallyneedgoodandsolidfoundations

C.theancientsocietyhaddifferentbeliefs

D.worthwhileresultsdonotdependonrawmaterialsonly

問題4選項

A.attentively

B.transiently

C.Sentimentally

D.strictly

問題5選項

A.theirwideningthegapbetweenreadersorviewers

B.theirfailingtoreachanydefiniteconclusionsoverwhattheyreport

C.theirsettingtoointellectualastandard

D.theircateringforasmallnumberofaudiences

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:文章第二段提到無論這些組織的初衷有多么美好，也不管它們的形式是什么樣的，比如國家、教會、社團、政黨等等，都只會為了平衡各方的利益而屈從于現(xiàn)狀，所以作者認為應該努力改變公共機構的形式，選項B符合題意。

第2題:文章第三段最后一句話Masscommunications,then,donotignoreintellectualmatters;theytendtocastratethem,toallowthemtositonthesideofthefireplace,sleekanduseless,afamilyplaything提到大眾傳媒讓知識事宜失去本來的活力，讓它們坐在壁爐旁，有序卻無用，就像一場家庭游戲。由此可以看出，大眾傳媒在處理知識相關的事情時，把它看作一場娛樂。選項A符合題意。

第3題:從文章第一段最后三句提到通過練石場的大量石頭，人們可以想象出這些石頭極有可能被用來建教堂。大眾傳媒不能建大教堂，而且它們展示石頭的方式并不能提示他人去建造。作者采用對比手法的目的只是為了說明要想得到某些有價值的結果并不能只是依靠原料本身，所以選項D符合題意。

第4題:attentively“聚精會神地”；transiently“短暫的”；sentimentally“多情地”；strictly“嚴格地”。選項B符合題意。

第5題:文章第二段第二三句作者批判大眾媒體不能對所報道的內容給出絕對真實的評論，所以選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Legislationhasbeendevelopedthroughoutthe20thcenturyattemptingtoprotectemployeesfrom（）dismissalbytheiremployers.

問題1選項

A.unrecognizable

B.undeniable

C.unreachable

D.unjustifiable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unrecognizable“未被承認的，無法認出的”；deniable“不可否認的，無可爭辯的”；unreachable“不能得到的；不能到達的”；unjustifiable“不合道理的；不能分辨的”。句意：發(fā)展貫穿整個20世紀的法律是為了保護員工，讓他們不再被雇主無理由解雇。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

I’msorryI’mlate—Ihadamental（

）andforgetthatwewouldhaveameetingtoday.

問題1選項

A.aberration

B.perversion

C.imbalance

D.sanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。aberration“神經迷亂；離開正路；越軌”；perversion“反常，顛倒，曲解”；imbalance“不平衡，不安定”；sanity“明智，頭腦清楚”。句意：很抱歉我遲到了。我有點精神恍惚忘記了今天還有個會議。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Shedescribedthedistributionoffoodandmedicalsuppliesasa（）nightmare.

問題1選項

A.paranoid

B.putative

C.benign

D.logistical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。paranoid“像偏執(zhí)狂的；患偏執(zhí)狂的”；putative“推定的，假定的，被公認的”；benign“（氣候）良好的，仁慈的，和藹的”；logistical“邏輯的，運籌的；后勤方面的”。句意：她把食物分配和醫(yī)療供應描述成是一場后勤的噩夢。選項D符合題意。

15.單選題

MississippialsoupholdstheSouth’swell-deservedreputationforwarm,hospitablepeople；balmyyear-roundweatherandtruly（）cuisine.

問題1選項

A.destructive

B.horrible

C.amiable

D.delectable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。destructive“破壞性的”；horrible“可怕的”；amiable“親切的”；delectable“美味的”?？崭裉幱脕硇揎梒uisine（烹飪）這個單詞，前文是講密西西比為什么這么出名，所以選項D符合題意。

16.單選題

Thesmallbuildingwasmarkedwithamodestbrass（

）

,statingthenameandthebusinessoftheoccupiers.

問題1選項

A.plaque

B.plateau

C.plague

D.plaster

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近名詞辨析。plaque“匾額”；plateau“高原”；plague“瘟疫”；plaster“石膏”。句意：這座小小的建筑有一塊黃銅匾額，上面寫著主人的名字還有營業(yè)內容。選項A符合題意。

17.單選題

In1896aGeorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathoftheirtwo-year-oldwastoldthatsincethechildhadmadenorealeconomiccontributiontothefamily,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.Incontrast,lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofathree-year-oldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamagesandwonanawardof$750,000.

ThetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitinjuxtaposingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofVivianaZelizer’sexcellentbook,PricingthePricelessChild.Duringthenineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconceptofthe“useful”childwhocontributedtothefamilyeconomygavewaygraduallytothepresent-daynotionofthe“useless”childwho,thoughproducingnoincomefor,andindeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyetconsideredemotionally“priceless”.Wellestablishedamongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythemid-1800’s.Thisnewviewofchildhoodspreadthroughoutsocietyinthelate-nineteenthandearly-twentiethcenturiesasreformersintroducedchild-laborregulationsandcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinpartontheassumptionthatachild’semotionalvaluemadechildlabortaboo.

ForZelizertheoriginsofthistransformationweremanyandcomplex.Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.Yet“expulsionofchildrenfromthe‘cashnexus’,althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesintheeconomic,occupational,andfamilystructures,”Zelizermaintains,“wasalsopartofaculturalprocessof‘sacralization’ofchildren’slives.”Protectingchildrenfromthecrassbusinessworldbecameenormouslyimportantforlate-nineteenth-centurymiddle-classAmericans,shesuggests；thissacralizationwasawayofresistingwhattheyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionofhumanvaluesbythemarketplace.

Instressingtheculturaldeterminantsofachild’sworth,Zelizertakesissuewithpractitionersofthenew“sociologicaleconomics”，whohaveanalyzedsuchtraditionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,education,andhealthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeterminants.Allowingonlyasmallroleforculturalforcesintheformofindividual“preferences”，thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.Zelizerishighlycriticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinsteadtheoppositephenomenon:thepowerofsocialvaluestotransformprice.Aschildrenbecamemorevaluableinemotionalterms,sheargues,theirexchange”or“surrender”valueonthemarket,thatis,theconversionoftheirintangibleworthintocashterms,becamemuchgreater.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawardsinAmericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipallyonthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800schildrenweregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthecashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardbysociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

5.Zelizerreferstoallofthefollowingasimportantinfluencesinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworthexceptchangesin（）.

問題1選項

A.earningsofthepersonattimeofdeath

B.wealthofthepartycausingthedeath

C.degreeofculpabilityofthepartycausingthedeath

D.amountofmoneythathadbeenspentonthepersonkilled

問題2選項

A.neededenormousamountsofsecurityandaffection

B.requiredconstantsupervisionwhileworking

C.wereimportanttotheeconomicwell-beingofafamily

D.wereunsuitedtospendinglonghoursinschool

問題3選項

A.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecauseparentsbegantoincreasetheiremotionalinvestmentintheupbringingoftheirchildren.

B.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheirexpectedearningsoverthecourseofalifetimeincreasedgreatly.

C.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausethespreadofhumanitarianidealsresultedinawholesalereappraisaloftheworthofanindividual.

D.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausecompulsoryeducationlawsreducedthesupply,andthusraisedthecosts,ofavailablechildlabor.

問題4選項

A.reviewtheliteratureinanewacademicsubfield

B.presentthecentralthesisofarecentbook

C.contrasttwoapproachestoanalyzehistoricalchange

D.refuteatraditionalexplanationofasocialphenomenon

問題5選項

A.themortalityrate

B.thenatureofindustry

C.thenatureofthefamily

D.attitudestowardreformmovements

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章第一句提到1986年一位兩歲的小孩意外去世，其父母沒有得到賠償，因為小孩沒有給家里帶來收入。所以可以推斷，19世紀意外死亡的賠償是根據(jù)人能否創(chuàng)造經濟價值來決定的。選項A符合題意。

第2題:題干中的1800’s與第一段的1896對應，所以19世紀早期注重的是孩子的經濟價值，所以選項C符合題意。

第3題:文章最后一段提到所謂的社會經濟學家認為人的一切社會活動都是把金錢放在最重要的地位。（thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain），選項B符合這一原則。

第4題:文章沒有提到“anewacademicsubfield”，選項A排除；文章沒有通過對比來分析歷史，選項C排除；作者并沒有表明對社會現(xiàn)象的傳統(tǒng)解釋的態(tài)度，選項D排除。所以選項B符合題意，文章主要在講述VivianaZelizer的PricingthePricelessChild這本書。

第5題:第三段第二句話Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.提到影響兒童價值的因素包括：成熟的工業(yè)體系導致童工的比重下降，出生率、死亡率尤其是兒童的死亡率下降，家庭成員間的關系。四個選項中只有D選項沒有提及，所以D選項符合題意。

18.翻譯題

由小學到中學，所修習的無非是一些普通的基本知識。就是大學四年，所授課業(yè)也還是相當粗淺的學識。世人常稱大學為“最高學府”，這名稱易滋誤解，好像過此以上即無學問可言。

大學的研究所才是初步研究學問的所在，在這里做學問也只能算是粗涉藩籬，注重的是研究學問的方法與實習。學無止境，一生的時間都嫌太短，所以古人皓首窮經，頭發(fā)白了還是在繼續(xù)研究，不過在這樣的研究中確實有濃厚的趣味。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【答案】Welearnnothingmorethansomebasicallycommonknowledgefromprimarytosecondaryschool.Evenifduringfour-yearuniversitylife,weweretaughtonlyrudimentsofscholarship.Universitiesareusuallyknownas“thehighesteducationalinstitution”,whichislikelytocausethemisunderstandingthatthereisnomoretolearnafteruniversity.

Theresearchinstitutesofuniversitiesarethecertainplaceswhereknowledgeisprimarilystudied.Buteventhereyougetonlythefirsttastingoflearningwherefocusonresearchmethodandpractice.Knowledgeisinfiniteandlifeislimited.Thus,ancientpeopleneverstoptheirstudyevenwhentheywereveryold.However,therewasstronginterestinthisprocess.

【解析】

19.單選題

IthinkI’dliketostayhomethisevening（

）goingoutasitisrainingtooheavily.

問題1選項

A.betterthan

B.otherthan

C.ratherthan

D.soonerthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。betterthan“超過，多于，好于”；otherthan“除了，不同于”；ratherthan“而不是；寧可……也不愿”；soonerthan“早于”。句意：我今晚想待在家里，而不是出去，因為外面下大雨。選項C符合題意。

20.單選題

Herknowledgeandexperiencewouldmakehera(n)（）assettotheteam.

問題1選項

A.worthless

B.priceless

C.valueless

D.inexpensive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。worthless“不值錢的，無價值的”；priceless“無價的，極貴重的”；valueless“無價值的，微不足道的”；inexpensive“便宜的”。句意：她的學識和經驗將成為團隊無價的資產。選項B符合題意。

21.單選題

Iignoredanoldwomanwhoaskedmeformoneyinthestreetyesterdayandit’sbeenonmy（

）eversince.

問題1選項

A.morality

B.conscience

C.morale

D.rationale

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。onmyconscience“我的良心受譴責”。句意：我無視了一個在街上向我借錢的老婦人，這讓我的良心很不安。選項B符合題意。

22.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseofthe