2022年考研考博-考博英語-復(fù)旦大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)52

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-復(fù)旦大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Youcan'tcountonhim;he'sliableto____________outwhenthingsbecomedifficult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.let

C.take

D.opt

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。beout“不在家”；letout“泄露”；takeout“取出”；optout“變卦”。句意：你不能指望他，如果事情變得復(fù)雜，他有可能會(huì)變卦。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

In1896aGeorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathoftheirtwo-year-oldwastoldthatsincethechildhadmadenorealeconomiccontributiontothefamily,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.Incontrast,lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofathree-year-oldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamagesandwonanawardof$750,000.

ThetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitinjuxtaposingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofVivianaZelizer’sexcellentbook,PricingthePricelessChild.Duringthenineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconceptofthe“useful”childwhocontributedtothefamilyeconomygavewaygraduallytothepresent-daynotionofthe“useless”childwho,thoughproducingnoincomefor,andindeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyetconsideredemotionally“priceless”.Wellestablishedamongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythemid-1800’s.Thisnewviewofchildhoodspreadthroughoutsocietyinthelate-nineteenthandearly-twentiethcenturiesasreformersintroducedchild-laborregulationsandcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinpartontheassumptionthatachild’semotionalvaluemadechildlabortaboo.

ForZelizertheoriginsofthistransformationweremanyandcomplex.Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.Yet“expulsionofchildrenfromthe‘cashnexus’,althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesintheeconomic,occupational,andfamilystructures,”Zelizermaintains,“wasalsopartofaculturalprocessof‘sacralization’ofchildren’slives.”Protectingchildrenfromthecrassbusinessworldbecameenormouslyimportantforlate-nineteenth-centurymiddle-classAmericans,shesuggests；thissacralizationwasawayofresistingwhattheyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionofhumanvaluesbythemarketplace.

Instressingtheculturaldeterminantsofachild’sworth,Zelizertakesissuewithpractitionersofthenew“sociologicaleconomics”，whohaveanalyzedsuchtraditionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,education,andhealthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeterminants.Allowingonlyasmallroleforculturalforcesintheformofindividual“preferences”，thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.Zelizerishighlycriticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinsteadtheoppositephenomenon:thepowerofsocialvaluestotransformprice.Aschildrenbecamemorevaluableinemotionalterms,sheargues,theirexchange”or“surrender”valueonthemarket,thatis,theconversionoftheirintangibleworthintocashterms,becamemuchgreater.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawardsinAmericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipallyonthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800schildrenweregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthecashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardbysociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

5.Zelizerreferstoallofthefollowingasimportantinfluencesinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworthexceptchangesin（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.earningsofthepersonattimeofdeath

B.wealthofthepartycausingthedeath

C.degreeofculpabilityofthepartycausingthedeath

D.amountofmoneythathadbeenspentonthepersonkilled

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.neededenormousamountsofsecurityandaffection

B.requiredconstantsupervisionwhileworking

C.wereimportanttotheeconomicwell-beingofafamily

D.wereunsuitedtospendinglonghoursinschool

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecauseparentsbegantoincreasetheiremotionalinvestmentintheupbringingoftheirchildren.

B.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheirexpectedearningsoverthecourseofalifetimeincreasedgreatly.

C.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausethespreadofhumanitarianidealsresultedinawholesalereappraisaloftheworthofanindividual.

D.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausecompulsoryeducationlawsreducedthesupply,andthusraisedthecosts,ofavailablechildlabor.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.reviewtheliteratureinanewacademicsubfield

B.presentthecentralthesisofarecentbook

C.contrasttwoapproachestoanalyzehistoricalchange

D.refuteatraditionalexplanationofasocialphenomenon

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.themortalityrate

B.thenatureofindustry

C.thenatureofthefamily

D.attitudestowardreformmovements

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章第一句提到1986年一位兩歲的小孩意外去世，其父母沒有得到賠償，因?yàn)樾『]有給家里帶來收入。所以可以推斷，19世紀(jì)意外死亡的賠償是根據(jù)人能否創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值來決定的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:題干中的1800’s與第一段的1896對(duì)應(yīng)，所以19世紀(jì)早期注重的是孩子的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:文章最后一段提到所謂的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為人的一切社會(huì)活動(dòng)都是把金錢放在最重要的地位。（thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain），選項(xiàng)B符合這一原則。

第4題:文章沒有提到“anewacademicsubfield”，選項(xiàng)A排除；文章沒有通過對(duì)比來分析歷史，選項(xiàng)C排除；作者并沒有表明對(duì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的傳統(tǒng)解釋的態(tài)度，選項(xiàng)D排除。所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意，文章主要在講述VivianaZelizer的PricingthePricelessChild這本書。

第5題:第三段第二句話Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.提到影響兒童價(jià)值的因素包括：成熟的工業(yè)體系導(dǎo)致童工的比重下降，出生率、死亡率尤其是兒童的死亡率下降，家庭成員間的關(guān)系。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D選項(xiàng)沒有提及，所以D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Heneverdoesanydisinterestedaction;he'salwaysonthe（）

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.move

C.rise

D.go

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。onthemake“急于求成，唯利是圖”；onthemove“四處奔波”；ontherise“在增加”；onthego“忙個(gè)不?！?。句意：他從來不會(huì)做任何無利可圖的事情，他一直都是唯利是圖。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Theymanagedto（）thesoundonTVeverytimetheallegedvictim'snamewasspoken.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deaden

B.deprive

C.punctuate

D.rebuff

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deaden“使減弱，隔阻”；deprive“剝奪，使喪失”；punctuate“加標(biāo)點(diǎn)于”；rebuff“回絕”。句意：每次說到受害者名字時(shí)，他們?cè)O(shè)法把電視機(jī)聲音調(diào)小。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thecomputerdoesn't（）humanthought;itreachesthesameendsbydifferentmeans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flunk

B.renew

C.succumb

D.mimic

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。flunk“失敗，放棄，考試不及格”；renew“使更新，使復(fù)原，使恢復(fù)”；succumb“屈服，屈從，死”；mimic“模仿”。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)沒有模仿人類思維；它依靠不同的方法達(dá)到同樣的效果。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Shesaidthatthetreatmentshehadreceivedinthehospitalhascompletely（

）herasherdignity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thrived

B.suspended

C.deprived

D.contrived

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。thrive“繁榮”；suspend“延緩，推遲”；deprive“使喪失，剝奪”；contrive“設(shè)計(jì)，發(fā)明”。句意：她說在醫(yī)院接受的治療完全剝奪了她的尊嚴(yán)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Inherbrightyellowcoat,shewaseasily（

）inthecrowed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessible

B.identifiable

C.negligible

D.incredible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。accessible“易接近的，可進(jìn)入的”；identifiable“可辨認(rèn)的，可認(rèn)明的”；negligible“微不足道的，可以忽略的”；incredible“難以置信的，驚人的”。句意：她穿著亮黃色的外套，在人群中很容易被認(rèn)出來。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Ifsheisstupid,she’s（）pleasanttolookat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atanyrate

B.bychance

C.ataloss

D.bytheway

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。atanyrate“無論如何，至少”；bychance“偶然，意外地”；ataloss“困惑不解”；bytheway“順便說說，順便問一下”。句意：即使她很愚笨，至少她很好看。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Thereisnothinginhis_______thatsuggestsheiscontentedwithhislife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.demeanor

B.stature

C.resonance

D.fidelity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。demeanor“行為，舉止”；stature“身高，身材”；resonance“共鳴”；fidelity“忠誠”。句意：沒有任何行為可以表明他對(duì)妻子感到滿意。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

_______nothingmoretosay,themangottohisfeet,saidgoodbyeandlefttheroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therewas

B.Astherebeing

C.Being

D.Therebeing

【答案】D

【解析】考查therebe句型。therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的獨(dú)立主格的用法。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意：男子沒有多說什么，起身道別，離開了房間。

11.單選題

Thepolicearedoingalltheycantobringthoseresponsibleforthebombingto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evidence

B.hearing

C.justice

D.rule

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。evidence“證據(jù)，證明”；hearing“聽力；審訊”；justice“司法，法律制裁，正義”；rule“統(tǒng)治，規(guī)則”。句意：警察正竭盡全力找出爆炸案的元兇將之繩之以法。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

OnJanuary,11th,2009,aremarkablelegalcaseopensinaSanFranciscocourtroom—onitsway,itseemsalmostcertain,totheSupremeCourt.Perryv.SchwarzeneggerchallengestheconstitutionalityofProposition8,theCaliforniareferendumthat,inNovember,2008,overturnedaStateSupremeCourtdecisionallowingsame-sexcouplestomarry.Itsleadlawyersareunlikelyallies:TheodoreB.Olson,theformersolicitorgeneralunderPresidentGeorgeW.Bush,andaprominentconservative;andDavidBoies,theDemocratictriallawyerwhowashisopposingcounselinBushv.Gore.Thetwoaremountinganambitiouscasethatpointedlycircumventstheincremental,narrowlycraftedlegalgambitsandthecarefulstate-by-statestrategythatleadinggay-rightsorganizationshavechampionedinthefightformarriageequality.TheOlsonBoiesteamhopesforarulingthatwilltransformthelegalandsociallandscapenationwide,somethingontheorderofBrownv.BoardofEducationin1954,orLovingv.Virginiathelandmark1967SupremeCourtrulingthatinvalidatedlawsprohibitinginterracialmarriage.

Olson’sinterestinthiscasehaspuzzledquiteafewpeople.What’sinitforhim?Ishesincere?DoeshereallythinkhecanswaythecurrentCourse?ButwhenIspokewithOlson,whoissixty-nine,inearlyDecember,hesoundedconfidentandimpassioned;thecaseclearlyfascinatedhimbothasanintellectualchallengeandasawaytomakehistory.“Thelovingcasewasforty-twoyearsago.”hesaid,perchedontheedgeofhischairinthelawofficesofGibson,Dunn&CrutcherinWashingtonDC,whereheisapartner,“It’sinconceivabletoustheredaystosaythatacoupleofadifferentracialbackgroundcan’tgetmarried.”O(jiān)lsonworeabrightlystripedshirtandapaisleytie,withoutajacket;therewassomethingfolksyinhisspeech,whichremindedmethathe’saWesterner,whogrewupandwaseducatedinNorthernCalifornia.Hesaid,“Separateisnotequal.Civilunionsanddomesticpartnershipsarenotthesameasmarriage.We’renotinventinganynewright,orcreatinganewright,oraskingthecourtstorecognizeanewright.TheSupremeCourthassaidoverandoverandoveragainthatmarriagesisafundamentalrightandalthoughouropponentssay,‘Well,that’salwaysbeeninvolvingamanandawoman.’WhentheSupremeCourthastalkedaboutitthey’vesaidit’sanassociationalright,it’salibertyright,it’saprivacyright,andit’sanexpressionofyouridentity,whichisallwrappedupintheConstitution.”TheJusticesoftheSupremeCourt,Olsonsaid,“areindividualswhowillconsiderthisseriously,andgiveitgoodattention,”andhewasoptimisticthathecouldpersuadethem.(ThelosingsideinSanFranciscowilllikelyappealtotheNinthCircuit,andfromtherethecasecouldproceedtotheSupremeCourt.)Olson’sself-assurancehasasoundbasis:hehasarguedfifty-sixcasesbeforethehighcourt—hewasoneofthebusiestlawyersbeforetheSupremeCourtbenchlastyear—andprevailedinforty-fourofthem.JusticesSandraDayO’ConnorandAnthonyKennedyattendedhisweddingthreeyearsago,inNapa.Olsonsaidthathewantedthegay-marriagecasetobea“teachingopportunity,sopeoplewilllistentoustalkabouttheimportanceoftreatingpeoplewithdignityandrespectandequalityandaffectionandloveandtostopdiscriminatingagainstpeopleonthebasisofsexualorientation”.

IfthePerrycasesucceedsbeforetheSupremeCourt,itcouldmeanthatgaymarriagewouldbepermittednotonlyinCaliforniabutineverystate.And,iftheCourtrecognizedhomosexualsasindistinguishablefromheterosexualsforthepurposesofmarriagelaw,itwouldbehard,ifnotimpossible,toupholdanyotherlawsthatdiscriminatedagainstpeopleonthebasisofsexualorientation.

However,alossforOlsonandBoiescouldbeamajorsetbacktothemovementformarriageequality.SoonafterOlsonandBoiesfiledthecase,lastMay,someleadinggay-rightsorganizations—amongthemtheA.C.L.U.,HumanRightsCampaign,LambdaLegal,andtheNationalCenterforlesbianRights—issuedastatementcondemningsuchefforts.Theoddsofsuccessforasuitweren’tgood,thegroupssaid,becausethe“SupremeCourttypicallydoesnotgettoofaraheadofeitherpublicopinionorthelawinthemajorityofstates.”Thelegalprecedentthatthesegroupswerefocusedonwasn’tLovingv.Virginiabut,rather,Bowersv.Hardwick,the1936SupremeCourtdecisionthatstunnedgay-rightsadvocatesbyupholdingGeorgia’santiquatedlawagainstsodomy.ItwasseventeenyearsbeforetheCourtwaswillingtorevisittheissue,inLawrencev.Texas,thoughbythenonlythirteenstatesstillhadanti-sodomystatutes;thistime,theCourtoverturnedthelaws,witha6-3voteandanacerbicdissentfromJusticeAntoninScalia,whodeclaredthattheCourthadaligneditselfwiththe“homosexualagenda,”adding,“ManyAmericansdonotwantpersonswhoopenlyengageinhomosexualconductaspartnersintheirbusiness,asscoutmastersfortheirchildren,asteachersintheirchildren’sschools,orasboardersintheirhome.Theyviewthisasprotectingthemselvesandtheirfamiliesfromalifestylethattheybelievetobeimmoralanddestructive.”

Seventeenyearswasalongtimetowait.“Alossnowmaymakeithardertogotocourtlater,”theactivists’statementread.“ItwilltakeusalotlongertogetagoodSupremeCourtdecisioniftheCourthastooverruleitself.”Besides,thegroupsargued,“WelosttherighttomarryinCaliforniaattheballotbox.That’swhereweneedtowinitback.”Plentyofgay-marriagesupportersagreedthatitwassmartertowaituntilthemovementhadbeensuccessfulinmorestates—and,possibly,thecompositionoftheSupremeCourthadshifted.(DuringthelastyearofasecondObamaterm,Scaliawouldbeeighty-one.)

1.ThefirstsentenceofParagraph1means（）.

2.Theword“unlikely”inthesentence“ItsleadlawyersareunlikelyalliesofParagraph1means（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.Someleadinggay-rightsorganizationsdidnotsupportthecasebecause（）.

5.Themostsuitabletitleofthepassagewouldbe（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theSanFranciscocourtcannotmakethefinaldecision

B.onlytheSupremeCourthastheauthoritytorulefororagainstthecase

C.it’sveryhardtowinthecaseforsame-sexmarriageintheSanFranciscocourtandprobablytheywouldhavetofieldthecaseintheSupremeCourt

D.theywouldcertainlywinthecaseforsame-sexmarriageintheSupremeCourt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.dissimilar

B.unreliable

C.unimaginable

D.unthinkable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theodore

B.OlsonwasconfidentaboutthecasebecausetheSupremeCourtonceinvalidatedlawsprohibitinginterracialmarriage.B.TheSupremeCourthassaidoverandoverandoveragainthatmarriageisafundamentalright，whichshouldberespected.

C.Therightforsame-sexmarriagehasbeenwoninotherstatesexceptforCalifornia.

D.Thereareotherlawsthatdiscriminatedagainstpeopleonthebasisofsexualorientation.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itwasimpossibletowinthecase

B.theywouldhavetowaitforlongerifthecasewaslostthistimeasit’shardforthesupremeCourttooverruleitself

C.theydidnotbelievetheabilityoftheleadinglawyers

D.unlikeinterracialmarriageit’shardertogetsupportforsame-sexmarriage?

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ARiskyProposal

B.GayMarriageNo

C.AmonumentalMovement

D.FightforEqualRights

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:文章第一段第一句提到同性婚姻的案件很有可能（almostcertain）提交到最高法院,說明之前這類的案件在下一級(jí)的法庭審理過，但是沒有勝訴。所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第2題:參與此案件的兩位律師TheodoreB.Olson和DavidBoies分別是共和黨和民主黨派人士，按照常理來推斷這兩位政見完全不同的人是不可能為了同一個(gè)目的而統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的，所以用了unlikely來說明這個(gè)組合是多么讓人難以想象。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:文章第三段第一句IfthePerrycasesucceedsbeforetheSupremeCourt,itcouldmeanthatgaymarriagewouldbepermittednotonlyinCaliforniabutineverystate提到同性結(jié)婚只有在加利福尼亞是合法的，在其他州還沒有合法，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第4題:文章倒數(shù)第二段Theoddsofsuccessforasuitweren’tgood,thegroupssaid,becausethe“SupremeCourttypicallydoesnotgettoofaraheadofeitherpublicopinionorthelawinthemajorityofstates.”提到這些支持同性戀的機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為這次訴訟的勝算很小，因?yàn)樽罡叻ㄔ簳?huì)尊重大眾的意見和大部分州的意見，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第5題:文章主要講述了各方，包括律師、同性戀組織等對(duì)這次案件勝算的預(yù)計(jì)，盡管以O(shè)lson為代表的律師對(duì)這次案件很有信心，但是從后文可以看出這是場有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的訴訟，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Iknowofnootherqualitiesthanthinkingwhichmakesfortheperfectionofthemind（）italonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incase

B.providingthat

C.forallthat

D.inasmuchas

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。incase“以防”；providingthat“假如”；forallthat“盡管”；inasmuchas“因?yàn)椤?。句意：我想沒有比思考更能完善人的思想的了，因?yàn)樗屛覀兂蔀槿祟悾c其他動(dòng)物區(qū)分開來。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

InthewakeoftheSept.11attacks,manyAmericansfeelwemaybegintoseetheerosionofsomeofourcivilliberties.Thereisconcernwemaybesubjecttopersonalsearchesandincreasedmonitoringofouractivities,allinthenameofsafetyandsecurity.Onthecomputingfront,Iwouldarguethatwealreadyhavehadtosurrendermanyofourlibertiestoprotectourselvesfromcomputervirusesandothersecuritybreaches.

Asmuchasvendorsandnetworkadministratorstrytomakescanningforvirusesanunobtrusiveprocessfortheenduser,westillareinconveniencedbytheroutinesmandatedbytheguardiansofourcorporatecomputingsecurity.However,inconveniencetakesabackseattotheoutrightneedforsecurity.Virusesaremorethaninconvenient;theycauserealdamage.ComputerEconomicsestimatesthecostofvirusattacksoninformationsystemsaroundtheworld,includingcleanupcostsandlostproductivity,hasalreadyreached$10.7billionsofarthisyear.Comparethatfigurewith$17.1billionforallof2000and$12.1billionfor1999.

Iknowyou’rethinking:“I’monlyoneperson.HowcanIspendthenecessarytimetosafeguardmycompanyagainstvirusesandsecurityholesandstilldomyregularjob?”

Realistically,youcan’t.Butthereareresourcestohelpyou.

MicrosofthasjustannouncedanewinitiativecalledtheStrategicTechnologyProtectionProgram.AmongtheservicesbeingofferedaretreetechnicalsupportrelatedtovirusesandasecuritytoolkitthatincludespatchesandservicepacksthataddresssecurityvulnerabilitiesinWindowsNTand2000.

TheFBIandSANSInstitutehavejustreleasedtheirtop20listofthemostcriticalInternetsecurityvulnerabilities.ThemajorityofsuccessfulattacksoncomputersystemsviatheInternetcanbetracedtoexploitationofsecurityflawsonthislist.Studythelistat.

TheCenterforInternetSecurityprovidesmethodsandtoolstoimprovemonitorandcomparethesecuritystatusofyourInternet-connectedsystems.Findouthowtobenchmarkyourorganization’sstatusat.

SoftwarevendorssuchasNetworkAssociates,SymantecandComputerAssociateshaveveryinformativevirusresourcecenters.TheSymantecAntiVirusResearchCenter(www.S/avcenter)hasanonlinenewsletterandin-depthinformationaboutviruses.Likewise,theCAVirusInformationCenterofferstipsonmanagingvirusincidentsandprotectingmessagingsystems.

Justlikeournationaldefense,thebestprotectionagainstadebilitatingvirusattackisknowledgeofthevulnerabilitiesandthemeanstoplugthesecurityholes.Beproactiveandvigilant,andmakeuseofthenumerousresourcesatyourdisposal.

1.Thewriterseemstofeelthat（）.

2.Thetwofigures"$17.1billion”and“$12.1billion”arementionedforthereadersto（）.

3.Toobtaindetailedinformationaboutviruses，wecanresortto（）.

4.Bysimplycheckingthetop20list，wemay（）.

5.Apropertitleforthispassagemightbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theconcernabouttheerosionoflibertiesisunnecessary

B.theroutinescanningofvirusescausesmuchinconveniencetoendusers

C.theneedforcomputingsecuritymakesinconveniencetolerable

D.libertycanbeguaranteedonlyifsecurityisachievedfirst

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.makesenseofthedamagesthathavebeendonesofarthisyear

B.seethedecreaseofthecostofvirusattacks

C.calculatethecostofvirusattacksfortheyear2001

D.paymoreattentiontoanti-virusresources

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theStrategicTechnologyProtectionProgram

B.

C.

D.www.S

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.obtainapictureofmajorsuccessfulattacksoncomputersystems

B.identifyapossiblesecurityholeinourcomputersystems

C.improvethesecuritystatusofourcomputersystems

D.protectourcomputersystemsfromvirusattacks

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheAftermathofSept.11

B.LibertyvsSecurity

C.StrategiesforBattlingVirus

D.VirusAttack—AnotherFormofSept11

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:文章第一段最后一句onthecomputingfront，Iwouldarguethatwealreadyhavehadtosurrendermanyofourlibertiestoprotectourselvesfromcomputervirusesandothersecuritybreaches,提到我們需要犧牲一些自由來免受電腦病毒和其他風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的威脅。選項(xiàng)D“有了安全才能有自由”符合題意。

第2題:文章第二段提到病毒不僅僅讓人們不方便，更嚴(yán)重的是導(dǎo)致了真正的損失。然后列舉了有關(guān)清理病毒的費(fèi)用，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)病毒的破壞性。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第3題:文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句話TheSymantecAntiVirusResearchCenter(www.Symantec,com/avcenter)hasanonlinenewsletterandin-depthinformationaboutviruses提到了了解關(guān)于病毒的信息可以到網(wǎng)站上去找，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第4題:文章第六段第二句ThemajorityofsuccessfulattacksoncomputersystemsviatheInternetcanbetracedtoexploitationofsecurityflawsonthislist提到之所以這些系統(tǒng)會(huì)被病毒侵蝕是因?yàn)榘踩到y(tǒng)中存在漏洞，所以列出的名單中的網(wǎng)址都可能存在一些漏洞。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第5題:文章主要是在講述如何戰(zhàn)勝電腦病毒，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Whatifoursocietyusesnew-foundtechnologiesof“geneticengineering”tointerferewiththebiologicalnatureofhumanbeings?Mightthatnotbedisastrous?

Whataboutcloning,forinstance?

Cloningisatermoriginallyusedinconnectionwithnonsexualreproductionofplantsandverysimpleanimal.Nowitiscomingintouseinconnectionwithhigheranimals,sincebiologistsarefindingwaysofstartingwithanindividualcellofagrownanimalandinducingittomultiplyintothesamewayinthefuture.

Butiscloningasafethingtounleashonsociety?Mightitnotbeusedfordestructivepurposes?Forinstance,mightnotsomerulinggroupdecidetoclonetheirsubmissive,downtroddenpeasantry,andthusproduceendlesshordesofsemi-robotswhowillslavetokeepafewinluxuryandwhomayevenserveasendlessranksofsoldiersdesignedtoconquertherestoftheworld?

Adreadfulthought,butanunnecessaryfear.Foronething,thereisnoneedtocloneforthepurpose.Theordinarymethodofreproductionproducesallthehumanbeingsthatareneededandasrapidlyasisneeded.Rightnow,theordinarymethodisproducingsomanypeopleastoputcivilizationindangerofimminentdestruction.Whatmorecancloningdo?

Secondly,unskilledsemi-robotscannotbesuccessfullypittedagainsttheskilledusersofmachine,eitheronfarms,infactoriesorinarmies.Anynationdependingondowntroddenmasseswillfinditselfaneasymarkforexploitationbyalesspopulousbutmoreskilledandversatilesociety.Thishashappenedinthepastoftenenough.

Butevenifweforgetaboutself-hordes,whataboutthecloningofarelativelyfewindividuals?Therearerichpeoplewhocouldaffordtheexpense,orpoliticianswhocouldhavetheinfluenceforit,orthegiftedwhocouldundergoitbypopulardemand.Therecanbetwoifaparticularbankerorgovernororscientist—orthree—orathousand.Mightthisnotcreateakindofprivilegedcaste,whowouldreproducethemselvesingreaterandgreaternumbers,andwhowouldgraduallytakeovertheworld?

Beforewegrowconcernedaboutthis,wemustaskwhethertherewillreallybeanygreatdemandforcloning.Wouldyouwanttobecloned?Thenewindividualformedyourcellwillhaveyourgenesandthereforeyourappearanceand,possibly,talents,buthewillnotbeyou.Theclonewillbe,atbest,merelyyouridenticaltwin.Identicaltwinssharethesamegeneticpattern,buttheyeachhaveownindividualityandareseparatepersons.

Cloningisnotapathwaytoimmortality,then,becauseyourconsciousnessdoesnotsurviveinyourclone,anymorethanitwouldinyouridenticaltwinifyouhadone.

Infact,yourclonewouldbefarlessthanyouridenticaltwin.Whatshapesandformsapersonalityisnotgenesalone,butalltheenvironmenttowhichitisexposed.Identicaltwinsgrowupinidenticalsurroundings,inthesamefamily,andundereachother’sinfluence.Acloneofyourself,perhapsthirtyoffortyyearsyounger,wouldgrowupinadifferentworldaltogetherandwouldbeshapedbyinfluencesthatwouldbesuretomakehimlessandlesslikeyouashegrowsolder.

Hemayevenearnyourjealousy.Afterall,youareoldandheisyoung.Youmayoncehavebeenpoorandstruggledtobecomewell-to-do,buthewillbewell-to-dofromthestart.Themerefactthatyouwon’tbeabletoviewitasachild,butasanothercompetingandbetter-advantagedyou,mayaccentuatethejealousy.

No!Imaginethat,aftersomeinitialexperiments,thedemandforcloningwillbevirtuallynonexistent.

1.Thecentralthemeoftheessayis（）.

2.Theauthorassumesthatthereadersis（）.

3.Theauthorassumesthatthereaderthinks“immortality”（）.

4.Toholdthereader’sinterest,theauthor（）.

5.Theword“hordes”usedinthepassagemeans（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.geneticengineersareexperimentingwithcloning

B.thecloningofhumancouldproduceaprivilegedclass

C.worriesaboutthedangersofhumancloningareill-founded

D.personalitytraitscannotbepassedonthoughcloning

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.afraidofanationofdictators

B.worriedabouttheabusesofcloning

C.eggertoputcloningtopracticaluse

D.readytobecloned

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.frightening

B.unavoidable

C.profitable

D.desirable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.usedquotationsbyfamouspeople

B.asksfrequentquestionsofthereader

C.presentsmanyresearchstatistics

D.tellsmanyamusingstories

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.swarmsoffish

B.largegroupsofpeople

C.mountainranges

D.largefieldsofgrain

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:文章以geneticengineering開頭，接著作者提到了克隆會(huì)帶來的問題，但是在第5段提出克隆是一個(gè)可怕的想法，但是沒有必要去恐懼（Adreadfulthought,butanunnecessaryfear）。選項(xiàng)C符合題意，“對(duì)克隆危險(xiǎn)的擔(dān)憂是沒有依據(jù)的”。

第2題:文章第四段作者提出了兩個(gè)問題：克隆對(duì)社會(huì)來說是安全的嗎？（Butiscloningasafethingtounleashonsociety?