2022年考研考博-考博英語-對外經濟貿易大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號33

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-對外經濟貿易大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

（

）findoutwhothemurdererwas.

問題1選項

A.Notuntilthelastpageofthebookyou’ll

B.Notuntilthelastpageofthebookyouwon’t

C.Notuntilthelastpageofthebookyouwill

D.Untilthelastpageofthebookwillyou

【答案】D

【解析】考查部分倒裝。當until，notuntil位于句首時，主句要部分到賬，即將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞移至主語前。

句意：直到讀到這本書的最后一頁，你才會發(fā)現誰是兇手。

2.單選題

Signsofagingareunavoidable,（

）ofparticularinteresttocosmeticcompanies.

問題1選項

A.butthosethatcanbedisguisedare

B.butthosecanbedisguisedare

C.butthatcanbedisguisedis

D.butallonethatcanbedisguisedis

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。those指代signs，that引導從句修飾those。

句意：衰老的跡象是不可避免，但化妝品公司卻對那些能夠被掩蓋的跡象十分感興趣。

3.問答題

IfSnowhadownedhisownbenefits,orapproachedhealthcareasaconsumer,asthe

administrationwantspeopletodo,he’dcertainlybesingingadifferenttune.HadSnowstashed

A

afewthousanddollarsinahealthsavingsaccount，whichisoneoftheadministration’schief

B

proposalstoreducetherisingnumberofuninsured,helikelywouldn’thaveenoughcashto

C

D

affordchemotherapy.

【答案】試題答案：C;theuninsured

【解析】考查冠詞。此處表示“沒有保險的人”，需要在uninsured前面加定冠詞the，表示某類人。

4.單選題

Everycountrywithamonetarysystemofitsownhastohavesomekindofmarketwhich

A

B

C

dealersinbills,notesandotherformsofshort-termcreditcanbuyandsell.

D

問題1選項

A.ofitsown

B.somekind

C.which

D.short-termcredit

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞搭配。原句應為dealerscanbuyandsellin，需要將介詞in提前，由“in+which”引導定語從句。

試題答案：C;inwhich

5.問答題

The(A)fantasticachievementsofmoderntechnologyandthespeed(B)withwhichscientificdiscoveriesare(C)translatedintotechnologicalapplications(D)attesttothetriumphofhumanefforts.

【答案】B；“with”改為“at”。

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：現代技術的驚人成就和科學發(fā)現轉化為技術應用的速度證明了人類努力的勝利。句中“withwhich”引導定語從句，修飾先行詞“speed”，因為有固定搭配“atthespeed”表示“以……的速度”，所以將B項的介詞“with”改為“at”。

6.填空題

Thepolicehadmovedquicklytoblockoffthearea.NowJimstoodacrossthestreetwiththeotherstudents,watchinginstunneddisbeliefasthefiredepartmentfoughtto(1)____controlofthefire.Butitlookedhopeless.Theeastendofthebuildingexplodedintoflames.Thenoisewassoloud(2)____evenJim,ashefiddledabsently(3)____thevolumecontroltohishearingaid,couldhearafaintroar.AcrossthestreetontheschoolgroundsMr.Maclntire,theprincipal,wasshoutingtothefirechief.Jimreadhislips,(4)____someofwhathesaidbecauseofthedistancebutgetting(5)____thanenoughtounderstand,“...eightstudentsandateacher...inabasementroom...trapped!”Thefirechiefshookhishead.Threetimes-alreadyfirefightershadtriedtoenterthebuilding,onlytobe(6)____backbytheheatandsmoke,andnowtherewasnohopeatall.Jimsawitinthechief’sface.Hisfriendsandtheteacherherespectedmorethanany(7)____wereasgoodasdead.Theyhadlittle(8)___tosurvivethesmoke,nottomentiontheheat.ItwasJim’sclassinthebasement,andheshouldhavebeenintherehimself.ButhehasstoppedinthehallupstairstotalktoMr.MaclntireaboutthePhonicEar.Itwasasmallradioreceiverpluggedintohishearingaid(9)___signalsfromatransmitterwornbyhisteachers.Bornwitha(10)____impairment,Jimhadhadproblemsinhisclasses.Hewasagoodlipreader,butlipreadingdidnotalways(11)____.Teacherssometimes,withoutthinking,(12)__theirfacesawaywhentalking.Makinggoodgradeshadbeenhardforhim(13)____hebegantousethePhonicEar.Nowheheardeverythinghisteachersaid,andhisgradeshadshot(14)_____.Thatwasonereasonhehadbeenplacedintheadvancedphysicsclass,theonlycoursestill(15)____inanyofthebasementfloorclassroomsoftheoldschool,(16)____wasundergoingrenovation.Anewwingwastobeaddedtothebackoftheschool.Heavyequipmenthadbeendiggingthenewfoundationsandhadbrokenagaslineleadingintothebasement.(17)____hewaslatetoclass,JimhadjustturnedawayfromMr.Maclntire(18)____theschoolbuildingwasrockedbyan(19)____.Smokerosefromthebasementstairwellandwasfollowedbyfire.Everyoneontheuppertwofloorshadgottenout.Buttherehadbeennoescapeforthose(20)____.

【答案】1.gain

2.that

3.with

4.missing

5.more

6.held

7.one

8.chance

9.toreceive

10.hearing

11.help

12.turn

13.so

14.up

15.taught

16.which

17.Because

18.when

19.alarm

20.below

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。gainthecontrolof控制…

2.考查固定搭配。so…that…如此…以致…

3.考查固定搭配。fiddlewith擺弄

4.聯系上下文可知由于距離比較遠，Jim不能夠聽清楚Maclntire所說的話，故填missing.

5.考查固定搭配。gettingmorethanenoughtounderstand…得到了足夠多的能理解的信息。

6.考查固定搭配。holdback阻止，聯系上下文可知，消防主管在搖頭，消防員已經三次嘗試進入這棟樓，但他們都被濃煙和熱度所阻擋了，現在完全沒希望了。

7.anyone任何的。句意：他的朋友和他最尊敬的老師處于非常危險的境地。

8.根據句意可知此處指老師和學生有很小的從濃煙中生還的機會。

9.此處表示目的，句意：生耳是一個插在助音器上面的小小收音機，它從老師戴著的發(fā)射器那里接收信號。

10.由上文可知Jim有天生的聽力缺陷。

11.由下文可知老師在上課時經常把臉轉過去，所以可推測能讀懂唇語也不一定總是有幫助。

12.turnaway轉過臉

1..由上文可知Jim由于聽力缺陷，很難有好成績，所以開始使用生耳。

14.shotup直線上升

15.高級物理課程是舊學校地下室教室里仍然被教的課程。course與teach之間是被動的關系，故用過去分詞。

16.本句是非限制性定語從句，缺少主語，故用which，指代“theoldschool”。

17.由上文可知Jim去找Maclntire關于生耳的問題，所以可推知他上課遲到了。

18.此處表示當他發(fā)現教學樓傳來的警報的時候，他正好剛剛從Maclntire那里轉過臉來。

19.句意：這棟教學樓被警報聲所包圍。

20.由上文提到的upper可知此空應填below。句意：在上面兩層的所有人都出來了，但是對于在兩層以下的人來說沒有逃生的機會。

7.問答題

ThefounderofAlibabaoncesaid“Singles’Day(November11)shoppingfestivalactivatedonlyatinypartofChina’sdomesticdemand,andhasstillalongwaytogotofullyunleashthegreatpotentialoftheChinesemarket.”Headdedthat:“AlibabawillholdSingles’Dayshoppingfestivalforatleast100years,andmakeSingles’DayashoppingfestivalfornotonlyChineseconsumersbutalsopeoplearoundtheworld.ThefestivalwilllastevenlongerthanAlibabaitself.”

ChineseshoppershavespentbigovertheSingles’Dayshoppingfestival,showingthecountry’sstrongeconomicrecoveryfollowingtheCovid-19epidemic.SalesonAlibaba’se-commerceplatformTmallexceeded372.3billionyuan(56.29billionU.S.dollars)betweenNov.1and12:30a.m.onNov.11.Attheshoppingpeak,583,000ordersweremadeinasinglesecondonTmall,settinganewonlineshoppingrecord.Morethan800millionshoppers,250,000brandsand5millionmerchantshaveparticipatedin2020Singles’Dayshoppingspree,accordingtoTmall.

SomeAmericaninvestorshavealreadybeguntodoubtifthefestivalwouldcomeattheexpenseoflowspendingpowerofChineseconsumersduringtherestoftheyear,whileotherinvestorsseemedtobemuchmoreworriedifAlibabawassellingfakeproductstoconsumers.Ananalystfurtherexplainedthat:“ThemajorreasonwhyinvestorsbegintocastdoubtontheeffectofSingles’Dayshoppingfestivalisthattheyworriedthatthisworld’shugest,biggestandcraziestshoppingdayoftheyearmightunderminebothconsumers’spendingpowerandbusinessowners’marketingability.”

Indeed,thelarge-scalediscountactivitiesonSingles’Daymightinterruptsomeconsumers’purchaseplanbeforeandaftertheshoppingfestival,otherconsumerswhoshoppedonlineslightlybeforethe“bigday”mighthavetowaitforextratimetohavetheirgoodsdeliveredtothem,andstillothersmightshopirrationallyandgetoverdrawn,thusregretfullyreturningmostoftheirgoods.BusinessownerswerealsoforcedtoseizetheopportunityonSingles’Dayanddoeverythingtheycould,includingpreparingenoughgoodsbeforethebigday,placingfakeordersonthebigday,onlytoattractconsumers’attentionandsellasmanygoodsaspossibleonthebigday.

ThefounderofanothermajorChineseonlineretailingplatformoncestatedtothemedia,saying,“Ithasalreadybecomeacommonpracticeforbusinessownerstoplacefakeordersononlineretailingplatforms,sinceboththeseplatformsandconsumersarewillingtorankabrandbasedonitssales.”

“Sincesomeonlineretailingplatformswouldlowerthepriceagreatdealtocompetewithotherplatformsinthepricebattle,wewouldevenbuybacktheproductsweprovidedtotheseplatformswithalowerpriceandthensoldthemwitharegularpriceontraditionalsaleschannels,”aseniorsalespersonnelofatraditionalbrandoncesuggested,“Wearealmostforcedtoplacefakeorderssincemanyconsumersprefertobuyproductswithhighersales.”

Nevertheless,mostbusinessownersseemednottobemakingmuchprofitoutoftheshoppingspreeoneverySingles’Day.Foronething,theyhadtospendmuchmoneyinplacingfakeordersandpromotingthemselves;foranother,theyhadtolowerthepricealotandmakeprofitmerelybylargesales,whichcouldbehighlyriskywhenthehighreturnratesistakenintoconsideration.

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheabovetext.

1)WhycannotwebetotallyoptimisticabouttheenormouslyhugesalesvolumeofAlibaba’sSingles’Dayshoppingfestival?(10points)

2)HowdoestheSingles’Dayshoppingspreeinfluenceconsumersandbusinessowners?(10points)

【答案】1)Therearetworeasonscanbelisted.ThefirstoneisthatSingles’Day(November11)shoppingfestivalactivatedonlyatinypartofChina’sdomesticdemand,andhasstillalongwaytogotofullyunleashthegreatpotentialoftheChinesemarket.Thesecondreasonisthatthisworld’shugest,biggestandcraziestshoppingdayoftheyearmightunderminebothconsumers’spendingpowerandbusinessowners’marketingability.

2)Singles’Daymightinterruptsomeconsumer’purchaseplanbeforeandaftertheshoppingfestival,otherconsumerswhoshoppedonlineslightlybeforethe“bigday”mighthavetowaitforextratimetohavetheirgoodsdeliveredtothem,andstillothersmightshopirrationallyandgetoverdrawn,thusregretfullyreturningmostoftheirgoods.BusinessownerswerealsoforcedtoseizetheopportunityonSingles’Dayanddoeverythingtheycould,includingpreparingenoughgoodsbeforethebigday,placingfakeordersonthebigday,onlytoattractconsumers’attentionandsellasmanygoodsaspossibleonthebigday.Atthesametime,mostbusinessownersseemednottobemakingmuchprofitoutoftheshoppingspreeoneverySingles’Day.

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.今天，被近千年的傳統(tǒng)所束縛并且缺少充足政府資助的牛津大學，難以輕松應對加快了的全球教育變革步伐。不管對錯與否，其他學校都重點建設商務類的課程時，牛津尤其慢慢吞吞，或者很不情愿如此，這樣在資源競爭中就落在劍橋這樣的大學之后，而這些資源傾向于流向看重商務的學校。

2.自2008年以來，快遞數量增長的一半都來自于“海淘”買家。因此，盡管近年來貿易總體增長緩慢，但跨境電子商務的興起讓快遞公司仍然生意興隆，國際快遞三大巨頭最新季度收入創(chuàng)下新高。不過快遞業(yè)面臨著一個新的挑戰(zhàn)：由于特朗普的保護主義傾向和英國脫歐(Brexit)，貿易壁壘將重新回歸。

【答案】1.Today,OxfordUniversitythathasbeenlimitedbyatraditionofaboutonethousandyearsandlackedsufficientgovernmentalfunding,isdifficulttocopewiththequickenedpaceofglobaleducationrevolution.Whetherrightlyorwrongly,whileotheruniversitiesarepayingattentiontobuildingbusinesscourses,OxfordUniversityisparticularlyslowtofollow.Consequently,ithasfallenbehinduniversitieslikeCambridgeUniversityinresourcecompetitionwhichtendtoflowtouniversitiesthatfocusesonbusinesscourses.

2.Since2008,halfofthegrowthinthevolumeofexpressdeliveryhasderivedfrombuyerswhomaketheirpurchasesin“cross-borderonlineshopping.”Therefore,althoughoveralltradegrowthhasbeenslowinrecentyears,theriseofcross-bordere-commercehasstillallowedexpresscompaniestodrivearoaringtrade.Thethreebiggestinternationalexpresscompanieshavereachedanewhighintheirlatestquarterlyrevenue.Buttheexpressindustryisfacedwithanewchallenge:tradebarrierswillreturnduetoTrump'sprotectionisttendenciesandBrexit.

9.問答題

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolution

A

inscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstood

B

theidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnold

C

D

Arboretum’snewdirector.

【答案】試題答案：B;understanding

【解析】考查現在分詞。understood一般用于beunderstoodas（被理解為），understanding意為“理解的”。

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.

It’srainingagain.AsIlieawakeinbed,listeningtothesoundofthoserazor-sharpdropspoundingonthepavement,mymindgoesreelingdowndarkcorridorsteemingwithagonizingflashbacks,andachillfromwithinfillsmewithdread.It’sraining,again.

ItdoesthisyearinSouthernCalifornia;atleastthat’swhattheytoldmelastyearwhenImarveledattherelentlessdeterminationoftherain.Thereseemtobetwoseasonshere.Duringtherainyseason,sometimesthestormsdrenchtheareanonstopfordays.Sometimesthestormscomeandgo.Oftenpropertydamageanddisruptedlivesresult.It’shardtopredicttheintensityofthepatternsfromyeartoyear.Thenthereisthefireseason.Thattakescareofthepropertythatmanagedtosurvivethedeluge,againdisruptinglives.Thedaysconnectingtheseseasonsaremonotonous,withsomesun,somesmogandsomemoresun.ThisisnothinglikebackhomeinColorado.

【答案】又下雨了。我醒著躺在床上，聽著那些犀利的的雨點掉落在人行道上的聲音。我的思緒陷入了黑暗的走廊，充滿了痛苦的回憶，內心的寒意讓我充滿恐懼。又在下雨了

加利福尼亞南部，今年也如此。當我對雨無情地下個不停感到驚奇時，至少，去年他們是這樣告訴我的。這里似乎只有兩個季節(jié)。在雨季，有時暴風雨連續(xù)幾天不停地浸透這個地區(qū)。有時暴風雨來去不定。往往造成財產損失和生活混亂，每年都很難預測這種模式的強度。然后是火災季節(jié)，從洪水中幸存下來的財物就落到它手里了，再一次擾亂人們的生活。連著這些季節(jié)的日子是單調的，僅有一些太陽，一些霧和一些更多的太陽。這和回科羅拉多的家完全不同。

11.單選題

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

問題1選項

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

問題2選項

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

問題3選項

A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.

B.Thegovernmentsshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestinthetechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.

C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.

D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段中提到“WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.”可知美國政府對全球變暖問題沒有積極主動地采取相應措施。第三段中提到“Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.”雖然美國各州和國會的行動正朝著正確的方向推進，但政府在政策上的模糊性卻產生了相反的效果?！笨芍绹谌蜃兣@個問題上什么也沒做，因此選B。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段中提到“UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.”到目前為止，美國公司還沒有捕捉獲碳排放的動力?？芍狟選項“公司在采用新技術方面沒有很強的積極性?！币虼薆選項符合題意。A選項“現有的技術只能處理大規(guī)模的碳排放”；C選項“政府對使用煤炭和石油的政策是產生相反的效果”；D選項“公司不愿意卷入政治問題”。

3.推理判斷題。文章最后一段的大意為：現在是美國政府為碳排放定價的時候了，使投資于技術使碳排放減少的公用事業(yè)將看到他們的努力得到回報。這一舉措不僅會降低全球變暖帶來的風險，而且對恢復美國的環(huán)保信譽也有很大幫助。因此A選項“政府應該征收碳排放，以鼓勵公司采用新技術?！狈项}意。

12.問答題

ThiscompetitionisgoodfortheoveralldevelopmentofChina’slong-monopolizingbanking

A

industryandisexpectedtointensifybytheendoftheyearorearlynextyearasmoreprivate

B

C

D

banksareestablished.

【答案】試題答案：A;monopolized

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。bankingindustry與monopolize的關系是被動的，故用其過去分詞做定語修飾。

13.問答題

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

Insomequarters(A)qualitativeeasingisstillataintedterm,

associated(B)bothwithmercantilism,asaweaponinacurrencywar,or

(C)monetaryadventurism.Butthestigmaisfading.Indeedsomecentral

banksnowsaytheyaredoingQEevenwhen(D)theydon't.TheBankof

Korea,forexample,(E)hasresolvedtobuyunlimitedamountsofbondsfromfinancialinstitutionsthatpromiseto(F)repurchasethem

afterthreepurchases.FeweconomistswoulddescribethemasQE.Butfarfrom(H)resist

theterm,（）.(I)Everin

thefieldofcentralbankinghavesomanyworriedsolittleaboutbuyingso

much.

【答案】1.A，改成quantativeeasing。

2.B，改成eitherwith。

3.D，改成theyaren’t。

4.H，改成resisting。

5.I，改成Neverinthefieldof。

【解析】1.句意：在某些領域，QE仍是一個有污點的術語…。此段講的是“量化寬松(QE)”,其全程應為quantativeeasing。

2.句意：要么與重商主義（作為貨幣戰(zhàn)爭中的武器）有聯系，要么與貨幣冒險主義有聯系。根據后面的連詞or可知，B處應該是“eitherwith”，“either…or…”表示“要么…要么…”。

3.句意：一些央行現在確實表示自己正在實施量化寬松政策，盡管他們并沒有這么做。這里用了省略，實際上應該是“whentheyarenotdoingQE”。

4.句意：但韓國銀行并沒有抵制這一術語…。Farfrom在此表示“遠飛，絕不，并沒有”，后面應該接doingsth.。

5.句意：在中央銀行領域，從來沒有這么多人對購買這么多債券如此不擔心。根據句意可知，這里表示否定，所以應該是否定詞never放句首，后面用了倒裝。

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Thedebateaboutgovernment’ssuccessesandfailuresdemonstratesagainthatdrawingtheboundarybetweenmarketandgovernmentisanenduringproblem.Thetoolsofeconomicsareindispensabletohelpsocietiesfindthegoldenmeanbetweenlaissez-fairemarketmechanismsanddemocraticrulesoftheroad.Thegoodmixedeconomyis,perforce,thelimitedmixedeconomy.Butthosewhowouldreducegovernmenttotheconstableplusafewlighthousesarelivinginadreamworld.Anefficientandhumanesocietyrequiresbothhalvesofthemixedsystem—marketandgovernment.Operatingamodemeconomywithoutbothisliketryingtoclapwithonehand.

【答案】關于政府的成功與失敗的討論再次表明，劃清市場與政府之間的界限是一個長期存在的問題。經濟學工具是幫助社會找到自由放任的市場機制和民主的道路規(guī)則之間中庸之道不可缺少的。良好的混合經濟必然是有限的混合經濟。但是那些把政府降為警察和幾座燈塔的人正生活在一個夢幻世界里。一個高效的、人道的社會需要混合系統(tǒng)的兩部分—市場和政府。在沒有兩者的情況下經營現代經濟，就像試圖用一只手鼓掌一樣。

15.問答題

GNPbecomesanobsoletemeasureofprogressinasocietystrivingtomeetpeople’sneedsasefficientlyaspossibleandwiththeleastdamagetotheenvironment.Whatcountsisnotgrowthinoutput,butthequalityofservicesrendered.(1)Bicyclesandlightrail,forinstance,arelessresources-intensiveformsoftransportationasautomobilesare，andcontributelesstoGNR.(2)Butshifttomasstransitandcyclingformostpassengertripswouldenhanceurbanlifebyeliminatingtrafficjams，reducingsmog，andmakecitiessaferforpedestrians.(3)GNPwouldgoup，butoverallwell-beingwouldincrease—underscoringtheneedfornewindicatorsofprogress.

Likewise,investinginwater-efficientappliancesandirrigationsystemsinsteadofbuildingmoredamsanddiversioncanalswouldmeetwaterneedswithlessharmtotheenvironment.(4)Sincemassivewaterprojectsconsumeresourcesthanefficiencyinvestmentsdo,GNPwouldtendtodecline.Butqualityoflifewouldimprove.(5)ItbecomesclearlythatstrivingtoboostGNPisofteninappropriateandcounterproductive.AsecologistandphilosopherGarrettHardinputsit.(6)“ForastatesmantotrytomaximizetheGNPisaboutassensibleasforacomposerofmusictotrytomaximizethenumberofnoteinasymphony.’’

Abandoninggrowthasanoverridinggoaldoesnotmeanforsakingthepoor.(7)Risingincomesandmaterialconsumptionareessentialtoimprovingwell-beinginmanyoftheThirdWorld.(8)Butcontrarytothatpoliticalleadersimply,globaleconomicgrowthascurrentlypursuedisnotthesolutiontopoverty.Despitethefivefoldriseinworldeconomicoutputsince1950,1.2billionpeople—morethanever—liveinabsolutepovertytoday.Moregrowthofthesortengineeredinrecentdecadeswillnotsavethepoor,onlyanewsetofprioritiescan.

Formidablebarriersstandinthewayofshiftingfromgrowthtorealprogressasthecentralgoalofeconomicpolicy.(9)Visionthatgrowthconjuresupofanexpandingpieofrichesisapowerfulandconvenientpoliticaltoo!Becauseitallowsthetoughissuesofincomeinequalityandskewedwealthdistributiontobeavoid.(10)Peopleassumethatasfarasthereis—growth,thereishopethatthelivesofthepoorcanbebetteredwithoutsacrificesfromtherich.Thereality,however,isthatachievinganenvironmentallysustainableglobaleconomyisnotpossiblewithouttherichlimitingtheirconsumptioninordertoleaveroomforthepoortoincreasetheirs.

【答案】1.考查比較級。此句表示自行車和輕軌，與汽車相比，對國民總收入的貢獻也較小，因此用比較級than，less...than意為“比……少”。

試題答案：as改成than

2.考查語法一致原則。此處是由and連接的并列結構，其動詞形式應與前面的“eliminatingtrafficjams，reducingsmog”保持一致。

試題答案：make改成making

3.考查上下文語義。由句中的連詞but可知此處表示轉折關系，因此國民生產總值會上升，但整體福利會下降。

試題答案：increase改成decrease

4.考查比較級。由句中的than以及句意（由于大面積水域工程消耗的資源比有效投資消耗的資源多）可知consume后面需要加“more”，修飾resources。

試題答案：在consume后面加“more”

5.考查系動詞。句中的become屬于狀態(tài)變化類系動詞，后面接形容詞接表語。

試題答案：clearly改成clear

6.考查名詞復數。thenumberof后面接名詞的復數形式。

試題答案：note改成notes

7.考查不定式。由句中的不定式to可知后面接動詞原形。

試題答案：improving改成improve

8.考查關系代詞。what在句中充當介詞to的賓語，也充當imply的賓語。

試題答案：that改成what

9.考查固定搭配。conjureupsth.outof意為“使某物突然或意外出現”。

試題答案：在up后而加“out”

10.考查固定搭配。aslongas意為“只要”。

試題答案：far改成long

16.單選題

Therewas（

）thatwewereinafix,aswehadnofoodinthecoachandnowater.

問題1選項

A.nodenying

B.notdenying

C.nottobedenied

D.nodenial

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定句型。thereis/wasnodoingsth....意為“無法，不能”。

句意：不可否認我們陷入了困境，因為車上沒有食物也沒有水。

17.翻譯題

MacroeconomicPolicy

IftheGreatDepressionsparkedtheformulizationofmacroeconomicpolicy,thecurrentGlobalFinancialAndEconomicCrisisiswritingthenextchapterHadtherebeenapolicyinventoryfortheGreatDepression,providingtheopportunitytoobservetherangeofpoliciesfollowed,therangeofcountriesimplementingthesepolicies,andtherangeoftheimpact,formalizationoflessonslearnedintheformofmacroeconomictheorywouldhavetokenplacemoreeasilyandmoreconsistentlybybeingabletoseethelargerpicture.Thisthenshouldbethemodestgoalofpolicyinventory——totrytocapturethewhole,theglobalmacropracticesacross77countries,toaidformalizationofmacroeconomicpracticeandtheory.Whatisnotcoveredadequatelybythepolicyinventoryatthemacrolevelisimpact,forwhichamoredetailedfollow-upstudyisrecommended.

Asaresultoftheneedforatrulyglobalviewoftheproblem,thissurveyhasobservedtheentiresampleofcountries,dividingthesampleintotwocategories:high-incomecountries,andlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Threeparticularityimportantfactorsinthepolicyinventorycanbeusedtoanalyzethepolicyresponsesutilizedduringthecrisisyears.

【答案】宏觀經濟政策

如果大蕭條引發(fā)了宏觀經濟政策的制定，那么在存在一個庫存策略的前提下，目前的全球金融和經濟危機將會使大蕭條進入一個新的階段，使我們能夠有機會觀察由此帶來的政策相關的范圍，包括國家實施這些政策的范圍和影響范圍，由于能夠看到更宏觀的藍圖，在宏觀經濟理論中學到的形式的經驗教訓將更容易，更一致的發(fā)生。這應該是政策庫存的適度目標，試圖掌握77個國家的全球宏觀實踐，以幫助宏觀經濟實踐和理論的形式化。在宏觀層面上，政策庫存的影響沒有充分覆蓋，對于這種影響，后續(xù)有一個更詳細的研究建議。

由于需要真正全面地看待這一問題，這項調查觀察了整個國家的樣本，將樣本分為兩類：高收入國家和中低收入國家。庫存策略中的三個特別重要的因素可以用來分析危機期間的政策反應。

18.填空題

Tidinessmeanskeepingthingsoutofsightandyetavailablewhen(1)______.Itimpliesthatthereisa(2)_____foreverythingandthateachthingusedfindsits(3)_______backtoitsplacebyacontinuousprocess,notbyaspasmodiceffort.Theprocessdepends,however,uponthedrawer,cupboardandstoragespacebeing(4)_____，forlackof(5)________somethingsmayliterallyhavenoplacetogo.Ifthereisnoplaceforthings,itisno(6)_______tellingpeopletoputthemaway.Thearchitectwhothuseconomizes(7)_______storagespaceisapttoclaimthatagood-sizedsitting-roomistheresult.Whatadvantageisthereinthat,however,whenhalftheliving-roomhastobeusedforstorage?Theaestheticorderdepends,inturn,uponstoragespace.(8)_______itmaybetruethatnohouseeverhadcupboardsenough,therearesomehouseswhichhavepracticallynocupboardsatall.Intheseourchoicemustlie(9)________chronicuntidinessandruthlessdestruction.Thatisnottosay,however,thatcupboardspacewillitselfcreate(10)_______.Thereisthequestion,furthermore,whetherthecupboardsthemselvesaretidy.Thateverythinghasbeensweptoutofsightisnoproof,initself,thatanythingcanbefound.

【答案】1.wanted

2.place

3.way

4.provided

5.which

6.good

7.on

8.While

9.between

10.tidiness

【解析】1.考查