2022屆高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講精練微專題現(xiàn)在分詞【含答案】

2022屆英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講精練微專題（現(xiàn)在分詞）考點(diǎn)清單一、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)精講：1.現(xiàn)在分詞可以作時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)與句子主語(yǔ)之間主動(dòng)關(guān)系；2.現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doing表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（幾乎）同時(shí)發(fā)生；havingdone則表示該動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例1：Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.

（作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于Whenshesawthosepictures）例2：Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.（作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于Ashewasill）例3：Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.（作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于HesatonthesofaandwatchedTV.）例4：Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.（作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于andleft…）例5：Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.（作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，先回信后閱讀）【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.(find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.2.Hewasbusywritingastory,only(stop)onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.3.(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.【答案與解析】1.Finding。find與句子主語(yǔ)之間主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故答案是Finding。2.stopping。stop與句子主語(yǔ)之間主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。注意不要受onlytodo影響，該結(jié)構(gòu)表示出乎預(yù)料的結(jié)果。故答案是stopping。3.Havingbeenasked。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境“要求加班”是被動(dòng)的，且已經(jīng)發(fā)生的，故用havingbeendone。故答案是Havingbeenasked。考點(diǎn)清單二、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)精講：1.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；havingdone不能作定語(yǔ)；2.單個(gè)分詞作名詞前置定語(yǔ)；分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。例6：Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.（現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語(yǔ)）例7：Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?（現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)）【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。4.---Whowerethosepeoplewiththeflags?---Agroup(call)itselftheLeagueofPeace.5.Themuseum(build)nowwillbeopentothepublicinsixmonths.6.Theoldmantoldthestoryinavoiceandthelittlegirlfeltvery(frighten).7.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand(weigh)lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.【答案與解析】4.calling。本題itself是關(guān)鍵，若沒有itself，答案是called。故答案是calling。5.beingbuilt?！敖ㄔ臁边@一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，又是被動(dòng)行為，應(yīng)用beingdone作定語(yǔ)。故答案是beingbuilt。6.frightening;frightened。現(xiàn)在分詞演化成形容詞，表示“令人……”，過去分詞演化成形容詞，多表示“感到……”。故答案是frightening;frightened。7.weighing。weigh,measure表示物體重量、高度等概念時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)形式。故答案是weighing?？键c(diǎn)清單三、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)精講1：觀感使役類動(dòng)詞后接現(xiàn)在分詞表示“看見/聽見……某人正在做某事”。【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。例8：Iwon'thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.例9：It'swrongtoleavethemachinerunning.例10：IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbythelittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.8.Shereturnedhome,onlytofindanumberofthings___________________________(steal/miss/go/lose)9.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake(wind)itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.10.Themissingboywaslastseen(play)neartheEastLake.【答案與解析】8.stolen/missing/lost。bestolen/missing/lost是習(xí)慣用法。故答案是stolen/missing/lost。9.winding。windone’sway表示“蜿蜒行進(jìn)”，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境這是noticesbdoingsth句型。故答案是winding。10.playing。last是關(guān)鍵：失蹤的孩子最后一次有人見他在東湖邊玩耍。故答案是playing。要點(diǎn)精講2：用于“with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”，表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。省略with后構(gòu)成的“名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。例11：Istoodbeforeherwithmyheartbeatingfast.例12：Timepermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.11.Withtheboy__________(lead)theway,thesoldiersmanagedtowalkthroughtheforest.12.Thecoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog(follow)them.13.It___________(be)Sunday,wewentcampingandhadanicetime.14.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather(permit).【答案與解析】11.leading。withsbdoing強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)和賓部之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案是leading。12.following。withsbdoing強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)和賓部之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案是following。13.being。ItbeingSunday構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于AsitwasSunday。故答案是being。14.permitting。weatherpermitting構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于Ifweatherpermits。故答案是permitting?？键c(diǎn)清單四、現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)精講：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，說明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)或情況，常翻譯為“令人……”。例13：Thenewsthatourteamhadwonwasveryinspiring.例14：Yourideasoundsveryinteresting.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。15.Thestorywasso(move)thatallofuswere(move)totears.【答案與解析】15.moving;moved。該句意為：這個(gè)故事如此感人以至于我都感動(dòng)落淚了。故答案是moving;moved。考點(diǎn)清單五、狀語(yǔ)從句省略要點(diǎn)精講：1.如果狀語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)是itis或者主從句主語(yǔ)一致且含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，省略主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。2.連接詞+現(xiàn)在分詞，表示與主語(yǔ)之間主動(dòng)關(guān)系；連接詞+現(xiàn)在分詞表示與主語(yǔ)之間被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例15：Dobecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.例16：Whenaskingforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。16.Though____________(surprise)toseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome.17.Though(lack)money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.18.Icouldn’tfindmykeytothecarwhen(leave)home.19.While(wait)forabus,IcameacrossmyformerEnglishteacher.【答案與解析】16.surprised。原句可還原為Thoughhewassurprised。故答案是surprised。17.lacking。lack與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故答案是lacking。18.leaving。leave與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故答案是leaving。19.waiting。wait與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故答案是waiting?？键c(diǎn)清單六、現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)精講：英語(yǔ)中g(shù)enerallyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,talkingof,considering等可以視作插入語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)可以與句子主語(yǔ)不一致。例17：Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.例18：Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。20._________(talk)oftravel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?21.(judge)fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.【答案與解析】20.Talking。Talkingof表示“談到，說到”，可以視作插入語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)可以與句子主語(yǔ)不一致。故答案是Talking。21.Judging。Judgingfrom…表示“根據(jù)……判斷”，可以視作插入語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)可以與句子主語(yǔ)不一致。故答案是Judging?？键c(diǎn)清單七、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式、完成式和否定式（以動(dòng)詞find為例）內(nèi)容主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)否定式一般式findingbeingfoundnotfinding完成式havingfoundhavingbeenfoundnothavingfound例19：Nothavingreceivedherreply,Idecidedtowritetoheragain.例20：HavingspentthepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。22.(know)whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.23.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearit_____________(perform)liveisquiteanother.24._________________(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.25.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_________(move),andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.【答案與解析】22.Notknowing。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞否定形式。故答案是Notknowing。23.beingperformed。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境“聽到音樂現(xiàn)場(chǎng)被演奏”強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行。故答案是beingperformed。24.Havingworked。work與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且“工作兩天”發(fā)生在“按時(shí)完成報(bào)告”之前，應(yīng)用完成式。故答案是hasgiven。25.moving。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境notmoving短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故答案是moving。好題再練（一）高考真題試卷用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.(新高考全國(guó)卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour(ache)legs.2.(天津卷改編)China'sNationalHighway318,________(extend)over5,000kilometersfromShanghaitoZhangmu,Tibet,isknownasthe"heavenlyroad“foritsamazingviews.3.(浙江卷)Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople___________(live)inthecountryside,includinglowerlevelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.4.(全國(guó)II卷)Theyrepresenttheearth_________(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.5.(全國(guó)III卷)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds__________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.6.(浙江卷)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,___________(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.7.(全國(guó)III卷)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,___________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.8.(全國(guó)II卷)Whenwegotacall__________(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.9.(北京卷)Nervously_________(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.10.(2018?江蘇卷改編)Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,________(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000ing5.surrounding6.making7.listening8.saying9.facing10.exceeding好題再練（二）模擬試題用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。11.(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.12.Themeeting________(be)over,Ifoundherseatedatthedeskand___________(listen)tomusic.13.______________(consider)thattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.14.(base)animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.15.While_________(speak)toforeigners,youmusttryyourbesttomakeyourself_____________(understand).16.Withnocentralgovernment,theislandwasruledbykings,each______________(control)adifferentregionofthecountry.17.Ourcar________________(develop)enginetrouble,westoppedforthenightataroadsiderestarea.18.Themeetingyesterday/now/(hold)tomorrowissignificant.19.Chinaisa______________(develop)country______________(belong)totheThirdWorld.20.Themanager,(make)itclearthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.11.Havingeaten12.being;listening13.Considering14.Basing15.speaking;understood16.controlling17.havingdeveloped18.held;beingheld;tobeheld19.developing;belonging20.havingmade好題再練（三）單句改錯(cuò)下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)指出并糾正。21.(全國(guó)II卷)All