2020專八講義英語19專八真題作文范范例文

【19真題】PARTVWRITING(45MIN)Readcarefullythefollowingtwoexcerptsonconsumption,andthenwriteyourresponseinNOLESSTHAN300WORDS,inwhichyoushould:1.summarizethemainmessageofthetwoexcerpts,mentontheroleofconsumptioninhumansociety,especiallyonwhetherconsumptionmayleadtodesirableorundesirableresults.Youcansupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpts.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.WriteyourresponseonANSWERSHEETFOUR.Excerpt1ConsequencesofconsumerismInHumanDevelopmentReport1998OverviewbytheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram(UNDP),“Worldconsumptionhasexpandedatanunprecedentedpaceoverthe20thcentury,withprivateandpublicconsumptionexpendituresreaching$24trillionin1998,twicethelevelof1975andsixtimesthatof1950.In1900realconsumptionexpenditurewasbarely$1.5trillion.”InSeptember2001,theBBCairedadocumentarycalled“Shopology,”wherepsychologistslookedintothepsychologyofshoppingandconsumerismincountrieslikeBritain,USAandJapanandaskedifitwashealthyforconsumers.Ofthemanypointstheyraised,theyobservedthat:?Consumptionnowhelpstodefinewhoweare;?Weessentially“buy"alifestyle;?Consumerismcanincreasestressforvariousreasons;?Todealwithsocialandconsumerismpressuresandtheireffects,peoplemayonoccasionconsumeevenmoretofeelbetter;?Risingconsumerdebtputspressureonfamilies.Twoyearslater,theBBCairedanotherdocumentarycalled“Spend,Spend,Spend.”Itlookedattheissuesofwhetherornottheincreasedwealthandconsumerismhadledtomorecontentandsatisfiedindividuals.ThedocumentaryobservedthatresearchevidenceseemedtosuggestthatincreasedwealthdidnotnecessarilyleadtomoresatisfactioninBritain.Wheninterviewedintheprogram,ProfessorAndrewOswaldofWarwickUniversitysaidthatthekeyreasonforthiswasbecauseaswegetwealthierthereisoftenatendencytocomparemorewithothers,whichcontributestomoreanxiety.The“keepingupwiththeJoneses”syndrome.Theimplicationsofthisareprofound.AsOswaldsuggested,itis“hardtomakesocietyhappierastheygetricherandricherbecausehumanbeingslookconstantlyovertheirshoulders.That’sthecurseofhumanbeings;makingcomparisons.”Excerpt2ConsumptionasapathtocultivationConsumption,forGeorgeSimmel,Germansociologistandphilosopher,liesattheheartoftheprocessthroughwhichpeoplebecomecultivated,thatis,growtobecomeparticipating,reflectivemembersofsociety.Thisisbecauseconsumptionprovidesanexcellentsitefortheinteractionbetweensubjectandobject,whichSimmelbelievedtobethekeytocultivation.Subjectivity,theuniquelyhumancapacityforself-reflection,whichallowsfortheself-consciousconstructionofactionandidentity,isnotnaturallyendowed;itonlydevelopsthroughthecreativetensionprovidedbyinteractionwithobjects(includingpeople)existingintheworld.ForSimmel,consumptionprovidesavitalforumforthissubject-objectinteraction.Throughconsumption,peoplecometounderstand,instillmeaningin,andactuponobjectsencounteredintheworld.Consumptionprovidespeoplewiththeopportunitytorefinethemselvesthroughinteractionwithobjectsintheworld.Inaddition,byconfronting,adapting,andintegratingvariousworld-viewsdirectlyorindirectlydemonstratedinconsumptionobjects,peoplenotonlyrealizetheirpotentialasuniquehumanbeings,theyalsobecomewell-socializedmembersofasociety.注意認真比對看我如何套寫18自己的范文，尤其這兩年這種偏哲學思想類的話題特別好套，下面標色部分為重要骨干模板(包含骨干“合理廢話”)，和18年范文基本一致：OnConsumerism（題目不是必須）【1】Mostrecently,whetherconsumptionmayleadtodesirableorundesirableresults（注意此處直接抄用指令第2條，扣題）stimulateswiderdiscussion.【下劃線部分為summary，盡量用同義詞，專業(yè)術語照抄】Theexponentsintheexcerptshavefocusedontheroleofconsumptionasasignificantgatewaytopersonalandsocialcultivation.DrawingonSimmel’stheoryasthepointofdepartureasthesecondexcerptdoes,supportersjustifythefunctionofconsumerismastheconstitutionofapositivesubject-objectcommunication.Conversely,foropponentslikethescholarsandpsychologistsinthefirstexcerpt,consumerism-seekingfallsshortofalonger-termsenseofmentalsecurityandstabilitybydesperatelyaskingforamomentarygreatsuccessandanillusorycognizancewiththephenomenaofnatureandsociety,yetfullofdepressionsarisingfromfinancialstressandanxiety.【TS主題句】Forme,takingconsumptionandconsumerismasalonger-termstrategyratherthanmomentaryrequestswillbestpromoteitsroleinshapingindividualtemperamentandsocialethos.【2】Admittedly,consumerismgenerallymeansgreatbenefitsforindividualorcommunaldevelopmentoverthelonghaul.Withtheexperiencesofconsumerism,notmerelydopersonalexchangesinvariousmannerswiththeworldaroundgainmoremomentuminaction,identification,andgoal-targeting,but,moresignificantly,eachandeverymemberofsocietycanbeabletoaccessthebestmaterial,financialandhumanresourcesaseachindividualmuststraineverypieceofmuscletoface,adjustandembracediverseworld-views.Thegreatassetforsuchaworkingapproachisnotwhetheronecanachievethefinalsuccessornot,butthatpotentialsmustbetappedtothegreateststatusinfosteringone’shealthyproposalsandresponsesinsocialandhumaninteractions.Itisthevisionofhowfaryouseefortheworldthroughyouractsofconsumptionthatenablesusasawell-socializedmemberintheendundertheflagofconsumerism.【3】Bycontrast,consumerismmightimposemoreadverseeffectsuponone’sworkandlifethanexpected.Firstandforemost,asthetwoBBCdocumentariesintheexcerptrightlysuggest,suchlargesumsofconsumptionexpenditurescouldgiverisetosomefatalproblemsforone’sdailylifeandlifestyle,namely,awrongself-definitionbasedonmerewealth,aluxuriousconsumeristwayoflife,and,worstofall,increasedstressesandpressuresbothindebtandfinance.Consumerismthusmostlyattachestoogreaterattachmenttoshortersatisfactionorgratificationofdesiretohelpmenandwomen,particularlytheyoungergeneration,yetatthecostofhigherbudgetarypressures.Moresignificantly,intermsofcharacterandhumannature,consumption-seekingisliabletoself-devaluationandself-debasementbroughtaboutbythenotoriouspeerpressureor“keepingupwiththeJoneses”syndrome,asBertrandRussellhascritiquedinhisfamousessayonAmericannationalcharacter.Whenhehastoconstantlyconfronttheimpendingdoomoffailureinreachinganever-increasinglyhigherambitioninlifespendingbycomparingandcontrastingthemselveswiththeirneighborsandfriends,theaveragemanwillchooseescaperatherthanfacingthechallenge.Forinstance,atthefamousChinaDouble11DayFestival,consumerscanexpectthelargestdiscountoftheyearwhilebusinessesexpectasignificantportionofannualrevenuesfromthisone-daysales.Butgenerally,itturnsouttoseethecustomers’dissatisfactionwiththequalityofmanypurchaseswiththeirdeeperanxietywiththewasteofmoneyandtheirregretofimpulsivepurchases.（此處舉例結合雙十一和15年第一篇閱讀題）【4】Allinall,i