《新視野英語知識講義》book4unit5b

Unit5Readthetextindetail.YoucanrefertoTranslationandLanguagePointswhennecessary.00:0000:00A+■LanguacepointsA-LanguacepointsTranslationBackgroundinformationCulturemakesthebusinessworldgoroundEdwardHall,aleaderinthefieldofinterculturalstudies,famouslysaid:"Thesinglegreatestbarriertobusinesssuccessistheoneerectedbyculture."GCanculturaldifferenceshaveasbiganimpactoninternationalbusinessventuresasfinancialplanningandvisionaryleadership?Thesurprisingansweris:Yes!

Agoodexampleistheroleofrelationshipsinbusinessdealings.WhilerelationshipsplayonlyaminorroleinUSbusinessculture,theyplayamajorroleinAsian,African,andMiddleEasterncountries.-Inthesecultures,invaryingdegrees,relationshipbuildingislikeatorchthatlightsandguidesthewayforbusinesstooccur.Let'staketheexampleofKevinJohnston,aseniorvice-presidentofaUScompanyspecializinginhospitalitymanagement.KevinwasputinchargeoffinalizingamergerwithacompanyintheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE),必Virtuallyallofthecomplicatednegotiationshadbeencompleted.Whatremainedwasa3-daytriptotheUAEforface-to-facemeetingsbetweenthepartnerstosignthepaperworkandclosethedeal.Kevinwasdeterminedthatnothingwoulddetainhimfromsucceeding.Hesentoutamemorandumacrosshiscompany,enthusiasticallydescribingtheplannedmergerwiththeUAEpartners.CSHavingcompiledallthenecessarydocumentsandgraphs,witheveryfigureanddecimalinplace,andhavingpreparedathoroughexpositioncertifyingthequalityofhiscompany,hepackedhisbriefcaseandheadedfortheUAE.KevinarrivedintheUAEexcitedtosealthedeal.0Hewastreatedwithextraordinaryhospitality:anelaboratehotel,blueribbonfoods,elegantconvertibleswithdriverstotourthecity,aparadeofentertainment,andbeautifulgiftstocommemoratethevisit.Hetriedrepeatedlytobringouthisfiles,opentheconversationandgetdowntobusiness.But,surprisingly,forthethreedayshespentintheUAE,noneofhisEmiratecolleaguesseemedreadytohearhisfinancialbriefing.EachtimeKevintriedtospeakaboutthedeal,hisprospectivepartnersseemedto"kidnap"theconversation,divertingittoothertopics.Theywouldinquireabouthishealth,hisfamilyorhisviewsoneducationandotherimportantissues.2UponleavingtheUAE,Kevinfeltexasperatedanddefeated.?Hehadn'tbeenabletoreceivethethoroughinterrogationofthematerialsforwhichhe

hadsocarefullyprepared.HisprogresstowardclosingthedealwasexactlywhereitwaswhenhelefttheUS:nil.iTheabovecaseisaclassicexampleofhowafrictionbetweendifferentculturalexpectationscausesdelaythat,ifnothandledappropriately,w川bringthedealtoanabruptendandleavebothsidesreeling.(Thesubstantiallossofrevenuecanneverberefundedandcanleaveastrugglingcompanyfallingwithoutaparachute.Kevinmadethemistakeofassumingthatthe"certifications"involvedinsealingthedealwereinhisbriefcase.Hechargedintothemeetingslikeabull.Formanycultures,aperson'scertificationsareestablishednotonlybytheiraccomplishments,theireducationandabilities,butalsobymorepersonalconnections.Olnthiscase,theUAEpartnerswantedtoknowifKevinwasagoodman,afamilyman,atrustworthyman.Thistypeofratingestablishesatrustingrelationshipforthem.GHadKevinpatientlytakenthetimetoestablishrelationships,hewouldlikelyhavebeenaskedtosharehiscarefullyprepareddocumentsandhaveclosedthedeal.Sociologistsagreethatanotherkeyaspectinfluencingglobalbusinessistheconceptofface.Cross-culturaldifferencesinthewaywesavefaceimpactourperceptionsoftrustandrespect,whichinturnimpactourrelationshipsandgroupcohesion.助FaketheexampleofAnn,aUSmanagerwhotookareactionaryapproachtoculturaldifferences.CAnnthoughtbeinganomineefortheleadershippositionwithasalesteambasedinSingaporewasaclimaxofhercareer.Anntriedtoestablishaworkingrelationshipwitheachteammember.Afterafewweeksofworkingonteamunificationandsolidarity,presentingguidelines,andofferingsalesadvice,shecarefullycompartmentalizedgoalsforeachmemberofthesalesteam.囪Later,whentheteamconvenedface-to-facefortheirfirstquarterlyreviewmeeting,Ann,afterpraisingaChineseteammember,boldlycriticizedandquestionedaKorean,tryingtoextracttheexactreasonwhyhewas

laggingsofarbehindonhisgoals.05Themeetingimmediatelylostitsgroove.Theentiregroupbecamesolemnand,fortherestofthemeeting,remainedpolitebutlargelymute.Clearly,Annwasnotfamiliarwiththeconceptofsavingfaceinothercultures.InUSculture,savingfaceexists—butonlyminimally,andtactfulbutstraightforwardspeechishighlyvalued.USmanagersroutinelyspeakfreelyaboutsomeoneelse'saccomplishmentsorfailuresinopen,publicsettings,suchasduringmeetings.ThisisdifferentinAsiancultures.Singlingoutanindividualduetopraiseorcriticism,adailyhabitamongstAmericanmanagers,maycauseAsianstobecomeuncomfortableordeeplyembarrassed.Annneedstoconsidermoreculturallyappropriatewaystosupportandmotivateherteam.Providingfeedback,especiallynegativefeedback,inmoreprivatesettingswillbehelpful.Mostofall,sheshouldworkongivingmorecourteousandsupportivepraiseandencouragement,whichwillhelpmovetowardtheunificationandcohesionthathighfunctioningteamsneedinordertobesuccessful.2Aroundtheworld,deeperstructuressuchasrelationshipbuildingandfacesavingareembeddedinthevalues,beliefsandbehaviorofaculture.Theyaremuchhardertounderstandthantheglossaryoftermsinanyculture'slanguagephrasebook.GTheadviceis:Alwaysaskforclarificationandseeknewinsights.Forbusinesssuccess,itisessentialtolearntomediatethesedeeperculturaldifferences.Thoughitmaybealittlecomplicatedtoincorporatethemintoyourwayofthinkingandcommunicating,itiswellworththeeffort!Translation文化推動商業(yè)世界的運轉(zhuǎn)1愛徳華?霍爾是跨文化研究領域的著名學者。他曾說過一句名言:“商業(yè)成功的最大障礙是由文化豎立的障礙?！睂H企業(yè)來說,文化差異難道真的和財務規(guī)劃及前瞻性領導有著同樣大的影響嗎?答案是出人意料的:的確如此!

2ー個很好的例子,人際關系在生意往來中所起的作用。盡管人際關系在美國商業(yè)文化中作用不大,但在亞洲、非洲及中東國家卻十分重要。在這些文化中,人際關系的經(jīng)營在不同程度上就好像是照亮和引導生意征程的火炬。3讓我們以美國一家酒店管理公司高級副總裁凱文?約翰斯頓的故事為例說明。凱文被指派負責敲定與阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國（阿聯(lián)酋）一家公司的合并事宜。幾乎所有復雜的談判均已完成，剩下的就是花三天時間前往阿聯(lián)酋與對方面談，以簽署協(xié)議文件并完成整個交易。4凱文堅信,任何事情都不會阻礙他此行成功完成任務。他給公司上下發(fā)了一份備忘錄,熱情洋溢地描述了與阿聯(lián)酋方面的這ー合并計劃。在他整理好了所有必備的文件和乃至數(shù)據(jù)及小數(shù)點都精確到位的各種圖表，并準備了一份證明公司資質(zhì)的詳盡說明后，他就裝好了公文包,奔赴阿聯(lián)酋。5凱文到了阿聯(lián)酋，對于此行來完成這項交易感到興奮無比。他受到了超規(guī)格的殷勤接待:奢華的賓館、一流的佳肴、配有專職司機的優(yōu)雅的敞篷車帶他游覽全城、接連不斷的娛樂活動、精美的紀念品。他多次試圖取出帶來的文件資料，想打開話題談生意,但奇怪的是，在他停留的三天里,阿聯(lián)酋的同仁們卻好像沒有一個人愿意聽他準備的財務情況簡介。每當凱文試圖談及交易時，有望成為合作伙伴的對方似乎總是“綁架”談話內(nèi)容，岔開話題。他們會轉(zhuǎn)而詢問他的健康、他的家人，或他對教育和其他重要問題的看法。6離開阿聯(lián)酋時，凱文感到既惱火又喪氣。對于自己精心準備的材料，他根本就無法獲得對方的詳細詢問。至于完成這項交易的計劃，則與他離開美國時毫無二致:零進展。7上述例子很經(jīng)典,它說明了不同文化期望值之間的沖突會如何導致延誤。這種延誤若未能恰當處理的話,就會使ー筆生意戛然中斷,讓雙方都不知所措。所造成的巨大的收入損失永遠無法彌補,甚至還會讓一家在困境中掙扎的公司突然倒閉,就像沒用降落傘從高空墜落ー樣,毫無緩沖。8凱文錯誤地以為,生意成交只要靠自己公文包中的各種證明文件就行。他風風火火地去參加會談,就像ー頭誤打誤撞的公牛。但對于很多文化來說,ー個人確立自己的資質(zhì)不僅要靠業(yè)績、教育背景或個人能力，而且要靠更多的人際交往。在這一例子中，阿聯(lián)酋合作伙伴很想知道的是,凱文是不是個好人，是不是個顧家和值得信賴的人。對他們而言,這種評判能夠確立雙方之間的信任關系。如果凱文當初能夠花些時間耐心地去經(jīng)營一下雙方關系的話,他們也許就會讓他介紹一下精心準備的材料并完成交易了。9社會學家一致認為,影響國際商務的另ー關鍵因素是“面子”。在“顧面子”的方式上，跨文化差異會影響我們對信任和尊重的看法,而這種看法反過來又會影響人們之間的關系和團隊凝聚カ。10以一位叫安的美國經(jīng)理為例。安對文化差異采取了一種保守策略。她被提名為ー個設于新加坡的銷售團隊的領導，她將此看作自己事業(yè)的ー個頂峰。安努力和每一位團隊成員都建立良好的工作關系。她花了數(shù)周時間致カ于建立團隊的統(tǒng)一性與凝聚カ、介紹工作原則、提出銷售建議，之后她為銷售團隊的每位成員精心設定了分塊目標。11過了一段時間,在團隊舉行的面對面的首次季度工作總結(jié)例會上，安稱贊了一位中國成員，而后毫不留情地批評并質(zhì)詢了一位韓國成員,試圖找出他比別人落后許多的確切原

因。會議立刻偏離了常規(guī)程序。整個團隊變得嚴肅沉悶,而且在會議剩下的時間里,雖然大家都謙恭有禮,但大多數(shù)時候卻沉默不言。12顯然，安對其他文化中“顧面子”這一概念并不熟悉。在美國文化中,的確也存在著“顧面子”ー說，但其影響微乎其微。更受推崇的是機智老練而又直截了當?shù)恼勗?。美國?jīng)理人慣常于在公共場合，如在會議上，自由談論其他人的成就或敗績。這和亞洲文化有所不同。對美國經(jīng)理人來說，把某人單獨挑出來予以夸獎或批評是日常性的做法,但對亞洲人來說,這樣做會使他們覺得不自在或甚為尷尬。13安需要考慮的是，要采取在文化上更加恰當?shù)姆绞絹碇С趾图ぐl(fā)她的團隊。如果要給成員提反饋意見，尤其是負面意見的話，那么在私人場合進行會更有幫助。最為重要的是,她應該努力給出ー些更加客氣、更具支持性的贊揚和鼓勵，這樣才能使團隊更加團結(jié)，更加具有凝聚カ，而這也是ー個高效運作的團隊取得成功所必需的。14在世界各地，人際關系經(jīng)營及顏面顧及這類更深層次的文化結(jié)構(gòu)都是根植于該文化所具有的價值觀、信仰和行為之中的。它們比任何一種文化的詞語匯編里所列出的術語都更難理解。我的建議是:隨時向?qū)Ψ皆儐?以得到ー個明晰的解釋和新的理解。為了取得商業(yè)成功，學會協(xié)調(diào)這些更深層次的文化差異是極其重要的。盡管將它們?nèi)谌胱约旱乃季S方式和人際交往有點復雜，但這樣的努力是非常值得的!LanguagepointsEdwardHall,aleaderinthefieldofinterculturalstudies,famouslysaid:nThesinglegreatestbarriertobusinesssuccessistheoneerectedbyculture.1,(Para.1)Meaning:EdwardHall,whoisaleadingscholarintheresearchofcommunicationbetweendifferentcultures,oncegaveawell-knownstatement.Hesaidthatthegreatestdifficultyinachievingbusinesssuccesswasthedifficultycausedbyculturaldifferences,intercultural:a.relatingtoortakingplacebetweentwoormorecultures不同文化間的;跨文化的Thewebsiteaimstopromoteinterculturalunderstanding.該網(wǎng)站旨在促進不同文化之間的相互理解。Canculturaldifferenceshaveasbiganimpactoninternationalbusinessventuresasfinancialplanningandvisionaryleadership?Thesurprisingansweris:Yes!(Para.1)Meaning:Cantheinfluenceofculturaldifferencesoninternationalbusinessactivitiesbeassignificantasarefinancialplanningandtheabilitytoleadandpredictfuturedevelopments?Itissurprisingthattheansweris“yes”.

Agoodexampleistheroleofrelationshipsinbusinessdealings.(Para.2)Meaning:Agoodexampleoftheinfluenceofculturaldifferencesishowtheroleofinterpersonalrelationshipsinbusinessactivitiesvariesbetweendifferentcultures,dealing:n..(~s)[pl.]thebusinessactivitiesorthegeneralrelationshipthatyouhavewithanotherpersonororganization商業(yè)活動;商業(yè)往來We*vehadnodealingswiththeircompanyforyears.我們已經(jīng)有數(shù)年與他們公司無生意往來了。.[U]theactivityofbuying,selling,ordoingbusinesswithpeople買賣;交易A45-year-oldmanwaschargedwithdrugdealingafterbeingcaughtwith10packagesofcocaineTuesdaynight.周二晚上,一名45歲的男子攜帶10包可卡因被抓,后被控進行毒品交易。Inthesecultures,invaryingdegrees,relationshipbuildingislikeatorchthatlightsandguidesthewayforbusinesstooccur.(Para.2)Meaning:Inthesecultures,thebuildingofgoodrelationshipsisimportant,moreorlesslikeatorchwhichdirectsandguidespeopletodobusinesssuccessfully.KevinwasputinchargeoffinalizingamergerwithacompanyintheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE).(Para.3)Meaning:KevinwasassignedtoberesponsibleforcompletingthefinalmattersrelatedtothemergingofhiscompanywithacompanyintheUnitedArabEmirates.Virtuallyallofthecomplicatednegotiationshadbeencompleted.Whatremainedwasa3-daytriptotheUAEforface-to-facemeetingsbetweenthepartnerstosignthepaperworkandclosethedeal.(Para.3)Meaning:Almostalltheworkrelatedtothecomplicatednegotiationsbetweenthetwocompanieshadbeenfinished.WhatwasleftforKevintodowastotakea3-daytriptotheUnitedArabEmirates.Duringthetrip,hewouldmeettheUAEpartnersfacetofacetosignthedocumentsandcompletethedeal.

Kevinwasdeterminedthatnothingwoulddetainhimfromsucceeding.(Para.4)Meaning:Kevinfirmlybelievedthathewouldfulfillhistask,andthatnothingwouldstophimfromachievingthisgoal.Meaningbeyondwords:Kevinwasconfidentthathecouldcompletethedealwithoutdifficulty.Hesentoutamemorandumacrosshiscompany,enthusiasticallydescribingtheplannedmergerwiththeUAEpartners.(Para.4)Meaning:Hesentoutanotetoallpeopleinhiscompany.Inthenote,hedescribedthemergertobecompletedwiththeUAEcompanywithgreatinterestandpassion.Havingcompiledallthenecessarydocumentsandgraphs,witheveryfigureanddecimalinplace,andhavingpreparedathoroughexpositioncertifyingthequalityofhiscompany,hepackedhisbriefcaseandheadedfortheUAE.(Para.4)Meaning:Kevingatheredandorganizedallthenecessarydocumentsaswellaschartsanddrawingsthatcontainedaccuratefiguresandnumbers.Healsopreparedadetailedpresentationtoshowthathiscompanyhadtheabilitytomakethedeal.Afterallthiswasdone,heputeverythingintohisbriefcaseandsetoffonthetriptotheUAE.headfor:goortraveltowardaparticularplace,esp.inadeliberateway朝…行進;向...去Themanbackedawayslowly,headingforthedoor,那個人慢慢地朝著門的方向后退。KevinarrivedintheUAEexcitedtosealthedeal.(Para.5)Meaning:KevingottotheUAE,feelingexcitedtocompletethedeal,sealthe/adeal:這個詞組和第3段中closethedeal的意思和用法相同。Hewastreatedwithextraordinaryhospitality:anelaboratehotel,blueribbonfoods,elegantconvertibleswithdriverstotourthecity,aparadeofentertainment,andbeautifulgiftstocommemoratethevisit.(Para.5)Meaning:TheUAEpartnerswelcomedhimwithgreatfriendlinessandwarmth.Theyprovidedhimwithabeautifulhotel,first-ratefoods,elegantcarswithdriverstotakehimtoseethecity,aseriesofentertainment,andbeautifulgiftsforhimtokeepasmemoriesofthevisit.

Hetriedrepeatedlytobringouthisfiles,opentheconversationandgetdowntobusiness.But,surprisingly,forthethreedayshespentintheUAE,noneofhisEmiratecolleaguesseemedreadytohearhisfinancialbriefing.(Para.5)Meaning:Hetriedagainandagaintotakeouthisdocuments,startthetalk,anddealwiththeirbusinessissues.But,tohissurprise,forallofthethreedayswhenhestayedintheUAE,itseemedthatnoneofhisEmiratepartnerswantedtohearthefinancialinformationhehadplannedtopresent.EachtimeKevintriedtospeakaboutthedeal,hisprospectivepartnersseemedto"kidnap"theconversation,divertingittoothertopics.(Para.5)Meaning:WheneverKevinwantedtotalkaboutbusiness,itseemedthatthepeoplefromtheUAEcompanywouldtakecontrolovertheconversationandchangethetopictosomethingnotrelatedtotheirdealatall.UponleavingtheUAE,Kevinfeltexasperatedanddefeated.(Para.6)Meaning:WhenhelefttheUAE,Kevinfeltangryanddisappointedthathefailedtocompletethedeal.Hehadn'tbeenabletoreceivethethoroughinterrogationofthematerialsforwhichhehadsocarefullyprepared.HisprogresstowardclosingthedealwasexactlywhereitwaswhenhelefttheUS:nil.(Para.6)Meaning:Hedidn'thaveachancetolettheUAEcompanyexamineandaskquestionsaboutthematerialshehadcarefullyprepared.Bythetimethetripended,hehadnotmadeanyprogressincompletingtheagreement.HisworkwasatthesamestageaswhenhelefttheUS.Meaningbeyondwords:KevincompletelyfailedtoachievehisgoalalthoughhewasconfidentwhenhelefttheUS.Hepreparedvariousdocumentscarefully,butdidnotevenhaveachancetotalkaboutthemwiththeUAEcompany.Theabovecaseisaclassicexampleofhowafrictionbetweendifferentculturalexpectationscausesdelaythat,ifnothandledappropriately,willbringthedealto

anabruptendandleavebothsidesreeling.(Para.7)Meaning:Theexamplegivenaboveistypicaloftheconflictsbetweendifferentculturalexpectations.Suchconflictscancauseadelaywhich,ifnotdealtwithproperly,willmakeabusinessrelationshipendsuddenlyandleavebothsidesconfusedaboutwhythishashappened.friction:該詞表達“不和;分歧;摩擦”之義時,常用于詞組fridtionbetween/withsb.中,如:Borderclasheshaveledtoincreasedfrictionbetweenthetwocountries.邊界沖突導致了兩國之間的不和日益加劇。Duetogenerationgaps,itiscommonthatparentsexperiencefrictionwiththeirteenagechildren.因為代溝的存在,父母和十多歲的子女之間有摩擦很正常。Thesubstantiallossofrevenuecanneverberefundedandcanleaveastrugglingcompanyfallingwithoutaparachute.(Para.7)Meaning:Thefailuretohandleculturaldifferenceseffectivelycausesacompanytolosealargeamountofprofitwhichcanneverbemadeup.Itcanevencauseacompanythatisalreadyinadifficultsituationtoclosedownwithoutanyprotection.KevinmadethemistakeofassumingthattheHcertificationsMinvolvedinsealingthedealwereinhisbriefcase.Hechargedintothemeetingslikeabull.(Para.8)Meaning:Kevinwaswrongbecausehethoughtthedocumentshehadpreparedbeforethetripwereallheneededtocompletethedeal.Herushedtothemeetingslikeabull,quicklyandcarelessly,beingunawareoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenAmericaandtheUAE.Inthiscase,theUAEpartnerswantedtoknowifKevinwasagoodman,afamilyman,atrustworthyman.Thistypeofratingestablishesatrustingrelationshipforthem.(Para.8)Meaning:Inthiscase,peopleintheEmiratescompanywantedtoknowifKevinwasagoodman,amanwhocaresabouthisfamily,andamanwhocanbetrusted.Tothem,thiskindofevaluationofKevinhelpsbuildarelationshipinwhichtheycantrusteachother,trustworthy:a.abletobetrustedanddependedon值得信賴的;可信的;可靠的Heappearedtrustworthy,butexperiencetoldmethatpeopleweren*talwayswhattheyseemed.他看起來很可靠,但經(jīng)驗告訴我,人們并不總是像他們看上去的那樣。

HadKevinpatientlytakenthetimetoestablishrelationships,hewouldlikelyhavebeenaskedtosharehiscarefullyprepareddocumentsandhaveclosedthedeal.(Para.8)Meaning:IfKevinhadhadthepatiencetospendsometimeinbuildingtheirrelationships,hewouldpossiblyhavebeenaskedtotalkaboutthedocumentshehadcarefullyprepared,andasaresult,hewouldpossiblyhavesettledtheirbusiness.Meaningbeyondwords:KevindidnotspendtimeonbuildingrelationshipsthatwerenecessarytoestablishtrustbetweenhimandtheUAEpartner.Asaresult,hefailedtoachievethegoalofhistrip,i.e.tocompletetheagreementaboutthemergerofhiscompanywiththeUAEcompany.Note:請注意本句中的虛擬語氣及倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。"Hadsb.done...theywouldhavedone...”句型用于表達與過去情況相反的虛擬語氣,其中從句中的主謂順序倒裝,相當于ー個正常主謂順序的if條件狀語。類似的倒裝句也可以表達與現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r相反的虛擬假設,從句和主句時態(tài)用相應的虛擬語氣時態(tài)。如:Hadhegotupabitearlier,hewouldhavearrivedontime?他要是早一點起床,就會準時至リ了。(=Ifhehadgotupabitearlier,hewouldhavearrivedontime.)WereIasenator,Iwouldcertainlyvoteforher.如果我是參議員的話,我肯定投她一票。(=IfIwereasenator,Iwouldcertainlyvoteforher.)Sociologistsagreethatanotherkeyaspectinfluencingglobalbusinessistheconceptofface.Cross-culturaldifferencesinthewaywesavefaceimpactourperceptionsoftrustandrespect,whichinturnimpactourrelationshipsandgroupcohesion.(Para.9)Meaning:Scholarsinthefieldofsociologyagreethatanotherimportantfactorwhichinfluencesinternationalbusinessinvolvestheideaofsavingface.Thedifferencesbetweenvariousculturesinhowwesavefaceinfluenceourunderstandingoftrustandrespect.Ontheotherhand,howweunderstandtrustandrespectinfluencesourrelationshipswitheachotherandtheunityofourgroup.TaketheexampleofAnn,aUSmanagerwhotookareactionaryapproachtoculturaldifferences.(Para.10)Meaning:Let'stakeAnn,anAmericanmanager,forexample.Shedoesnothaveanopenattitudetowardculturaldifferencesorgiveitenoughconsiderationinherwork.

AnnthoughtbeinganomineefortheleadershippositionwithasalesteambasedinSingaporewasaclimaxofhercareer.(Para.10)Meaning:AnnthoughtitwasahigheststageofhercareerthatshebecameacandidatetobealeaderofasalesteambasedinSingapore.Anntriedtoestablishaworkingrelationshipwitheachteammember.Afterafewweeksofworkingonteamunificationandsolidarity,presentingguidelines,andofferingsalesadvice,shecarefullycompartmentalizedgoalsforeachmemberofthesalesteam.(Para.10)Meaning:Anntriedtobuildaworkingrelationshipwitheveryoneonthesalesteam.Shespentafewweeksmakingtheteammoreunifiedandmoresupportiveofeachother,providinginstructions,andofferingsalesadvice.Afterthat,shecarefullydividedthesalesgoalsamongtheteammembers.Later,whentheteamconvenedface-to-facefortheirfirstquarterlyreviewmeeting,Ann,afterpraisingaChineseteammember,boldlycriticizedandquestionedaKorean,tryingtoextracttheexactreasonwhyhewaslaggingsofarbehindonhisgoals.(Para.11)Meaning:Later,whentheteammetfacetofaceattheirfirstquarterlymeeting,AnnpraisedaChineseteammember,andthenopenlycriticizedandquestionedaKoreanmember.ShetriedtogettheexactreasonwhytheKoreanwasmakingslowerprogresstowardhisgoalsthanothermemberswere.lagbehind:moveordevelopmoreslowlythanothers落后(于);拖后Jackislaggingbehindabit.Let'swaitforhimtocatchusup.杰克有些落后了。我們等他趕上來吧。Themeetingimmediatelylostitsgroove.Theentiregroupbecamesolemnand,fortherestofthemeeting,remainedpolitebutlargelymute.(Para.11)Meaning:Themeetingsoongotawayfromtheproceduresuchameetingnormallyhas.Theentiregroupbecameserious,andtheyremainedpolitebutlargelysilentfortherestofthemeeting.Meaningbeyondwords:AnnmadetheChinesememberandtheKoreanmember

embarrassedbypraisingandcriticizingtheminthefaceofotherpeople.ShedidnothaveenoughknowledgeoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenAsiaandtheUSwithrespecttotheimportanceofsavingface.InUSculture,savingfaceexists-butonlyminimally,andtactfulbutstraightforwardspeechishighlyvalued.USmanagersroutinelyspeakfreelyaboutsomeoneelse'saccomplishmentsorfailuresinopen,publicsettings,suchasduringmeetings.(Para.12)Meaning:InAmericanculture,theissueofsavingfaceexists,buttoaslightdegree.Americansthinkitimportanttospeakskillfullyandhonestly.ItiscommonforAmericanmanagerstoexpresstheiropinionsfreelyaboutotherpeople'sachievementsorfailuresinopen,publicsettings,forexample,duringmeetings.ThisisdifferentinAsiancultures.Singlingoutanindividualduetopraiseorcriticism,adailyhabitamongstAmericanmanagers,maycauseAsianstobecomeuncomfortableordeeplyembarrassed.(Para.12)Meaning:ThisisdifferentfromwhatisconsideredappropriateinAsiancultures.ForAmericanmanagers,topickoutasinglepersontopraiseorcriticizeissomethingtheydoeverydayasahabit.Thesamepractice,however,maymakeAsiansuncomfortableorveryembarrassed.Mostofall,sheshouldworkongivingmorecourteousandsupportivepraiseandencouragement,whichwillhelpmovetowardtheunificationandcohesionthathighfunctioningteamsneedinordertobesuccessful.(Para.13)Meaning:Themostimportantthingisthatsheshouldpraiseandencouragetheteammembersinamorepoliteandsupportiveway.Thiswillhelptobringthememberstogetherandimprovetheunityoftheteam.Unificationandcohesionarewhatahighlyefficientteamneedsinordertoachievesuccess.Aroundtheworld,deeperstructuressuchasrelationshipbuildingandfacesavingareembeddedinthevalues,beliefsandbehaviorofaculture.Theyaremuchhardertounderstandthantheglossaryoftermsinanyculture'slanguagephrasebook.(Para.14)

Meaning:Ineverypartoftheworld,moreabstractstructuressuchasrelationshipbuildingandfacesavingfirmlyexistinthevalues,beliefsandbehaviorofpeopleinaculture.Theyaremuchmoredifficulttounderstandthanthetermslistedandexplainedinalanguagephrasebookofanyculture.Theadviceis:Alwaysaskforclarificationandseeknewinsights.Forbusinesssuccess,itisessentialtolearntomediatethesedeeperculturaldifferences.(Para.14)Meaning:Myadviceisthatyoushouldalwaysaskforaclearexplanationofsuchabstractculturalstructuresandachievenewunderstandingsofthem.Ifyouwanttosucceedinbusiness,youwillneedtolearnhowtohandlethedeeperdifferencesbetweenculturessothatnoconflictswillarise.32Thoughitmaybealittlecomplicatedtoincorporatethemintoyourwayofthinkingandcommunicating,itiswellworththeeffort!(Para.14)Meaning:Itiscertainlynecessarytomaketheefforttoconsiderculturaldifferenceswhenyouthinkandcommunicatealthoughthismaybealittledifficulttodo.Unit5HereisthevocabularyforTextB.Youcanclickthespeakericonoreachheadwordtolistentoitspronunciation.00:00

00:00Newwordstorchn.[C]alongstickwithburningmaterialatoneendthatproduceslight火把;火炬Amanstoodbesideapileofwood,holdingaflamingtorch，ー個人站在ー堆木頭旁,手里舉著個燃燒的火把。(AmEflashlight)asmallelectriclightthatyouholdinyourhand手電筒Don'tshineyourtorchstraightintomyeyes!別用手電筒正對著我的眼睛照!finalizevt.makethefinaldecisionsorarrangementsconcerningsth.最后決定;最后定下;確定Wehaven'tfinalizedoursummertravelplansyet.我們還沒有最后確定暑期旅行計劃。mergern.[C]theprocessofcombiningtwoormorecompaniesororganizationstoformabiggerone(公司或機構(gòu)的)合并Themergerofthesetwocompanieswouldcreatetheworld'sbiggestaccountingfirm.這兩家公司合并后將成為世界上最大的會計事務所。emirate[C]acountryruledbyaMuslimruler,esp.inAsiaandpartsofAfrica酋長國AbuDhabiisthelargestemirateoftheUnitedArabEmirates.阿布扎比是阿聯(lián)酋最大的ー個酋長國。detainvt.(fml.)stopsb.fromleavingsomewhereordoingsth.耽擱;阻留Thewifeaskedwhathaddetainedhimsolong.妻子問他什么事情耽擱了他這么長時間。keepsb.inapolicestationorprisonandnotallowthem