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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西華澳商貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Weaponsofmassdestructionmustbestrictlyforbidden.Otherwise,ifanuclearwarstarted,itwouldbethecataclysmforallhumankind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.termination

B.destruction

C.devastation

D.calamity

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞cataclysm意為“災(zāi)難;大洪水,地震;(社會(huì)政治的)大變動(dòng)”;A選項(xiàng)“termination”意為“結(jié)束,終止”;B選項(xiàng)“destruction”意為“破壞,毀滅;摧毀”;C選項(xiàng)“devastation”意為“毀壞,荒廢”;D選項(xiàng)“calamity”意為“災(zāi)難;不幸事件”。句意:必須嚴(yán)格禁止大規(guī)模毀滅性武器。否則,一旦核戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā),將是全人類的大災(zāi)難。由題干可知,ifanuclearwarstarted(一旦核戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā))對(duì)全人類而言肯定是一場災(zāi)難。由此可知,cataclysm在此處最可能是“災(zāi)難”的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Torontoissome475kminthenorthwestofNewYork,whileVancouver,only200kmfromSeattle,isevenclosertoamajorAmericancity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.issome475

B.inthenorthwestof

C.whileVancouver,only200

D.evenclosertoamajorAmericancity

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】B

【解析】介詞誤用。去掉in,此處表示位于西北方向(一般用tothenorthwestofsomewhere),shi大致方向,并非指具體位置。

3.單選題

Duringthenineteenyearsofhiscareer,FranceBattiatehaswonthe()ofawideaudienceoutsideItaly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enjoyment

B.appreciation

C.evaluation

D.reputation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:在他19年的職業(yè)生涯中,F(xiàn)ranceBattiate贏得了意大利以外的大量觀眾的。

enjoyment享受;appreciation欣賞;evaluation評(píng)價(jià);reputation名譽(yù)。因此,B項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,()thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他要我借給他一些錢,我答應(yīng)了,但條件是他下星期還錢。

考查短語辨析。onoccasion偶爾,有時(shí);onpurpose故意;oncondition在……條件下,如果;onlyif只要,只有??崭袼诰湔f的是借錢的條件,因此C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

InNorthAmerica,thefirstcanoeswereconstructedfromlogsand()bymeansofwoodenpaddles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.docked

B.propelled

C.choked

D.perceived

【答案】B

【解析】dock使靠碼頭;propel推進(jìn),驅(qū)使;choke阻塞,抑制;perceive覺察,感知。句意:在北美,最早的獨(dú)木舟是用原木建造的,并由木槳推動(dòng)前行。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

6.單選題

OverthecenturiesboththeNileandthedesertsandsimperceptiblyshifted,andthistemplewaslosttotheworlduntil1813,whenitwasaccidentallyrediscoveredbytheSwissexplorerJeanLouisBurckhardt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enormously

B.unstably

C.progressively

D.unnoticeably

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)enormously“巨大地;非常地”;B選項(xiàng)unstably“不穩(wěn)定地”;C選項(xiàng)progressively“漸進(jìn)地;日益增多地”;D選項(xiàng)unnoticeably“不引人注意地;不顯著地”。句意:幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,尼羅河和沙漠的沙子都……變化著,這座寺廟直到1813年才被世人所知,后來它被瑞士探險(xiǎn)家偶然地發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)寺廟所發(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)間可知,尼羅河和沙漠的沙子移動(dòng)的非常緩慢,以至于寺廟是在之后的一大段時(shí)間才展露出來。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Theboardofthecompanyhasdecidedto()itsoperationtoincludeallaspectsoftheclothingbusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extend

B.enlarge

C.expand

D.amplify

【答案】C

【解析】句意:公司董事會(huì)決定擴(kuò)大經(jīng)營范圍,將服裝業(yè)務(wù)的各個(gè)方面都包括在內(nèi)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。extend延伸;擴(kuò)大(尤指時(shí)間或空間的延長);enlarge擴(kuò)大(主要指面積或體積等的擴(kuò)大);expand擴(kuò)張;發(fā)展(指范圍、程度、體積和尺寸等方面的擴(kuò)大或增加);amplify擴(kuò)大;增強(qiáng)(常指聲音的擴(kuò)大或電磁波的增強(qiáng),也指補(bǔ)充了細(xì)節(jié)、詳述或擴(kuò)大內(nèi)容等。)。根據(jù)后面的句意“將服裝業(yè)務(wù)的各個(gè)方面都包括在內(nèi)”可知C項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,MissKingiscertainlyonthe______ofabrilliantcareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.threshold

B.edge

C.porch

D.course

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)threshold“入口;門檻;開始;極限;臨界值”;B選項(xiàng)edge“邊緣;優(yōu)勢;刀刃;鋒利”;C選項(xiàng)porch“門廊;走廊”;D選項(xiàng)course“科目;課程;過程;進(jìn)程;道路;路線,航向;一道菜”。onthethresholdof...“處于……的開端”;ontheedgeof...“處于……的邊緣”;inthecourseof...“在……的進(jìn)程中”。句意:作為大學(xué)里最年輕的教授之一,金女士無疑正處于她輝煌事業(yè)的開端。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Toabsorbayoungerworkforce,manycompaniesofferedretirementplansasincentivesforolderworkerstoretireandmakewayfortheyoungeroneswhoearnedlowersalaries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rewards

B.opportunities

C.motives

D.stimuli

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。incentive“激勵(lì);獎(jiǎng)勵(lì);誘因”;A選項(xiàng)reward“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì);獎(jiǎng)賞”;B選項(xiàng)opportunity(其復(fù)數(shù)形式為opportunities)“時(shí)機(jī),機(jī)會(huì)”;C選項(xiàng)motive“動(dòng)機(jī),目的”;D選項(xiàng)stimuli(其為stimulus的復(fù)數(shù)形式)“激勵(lì);刺激;促進(jìn)因素”。句意:為了吸收更年輕的勞動(dòng)力,許多公司推出了退休計(jì)劃,以激勵(lì)年齡較大的員工退休,為工資較低的年輕員工讓路。根據(jù)句中“retirementplans退休計(jì)劃”可知incentive在這里的意思應(yīng)為“激勵(lì)”,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.問答題

Neverbeforehasflyingbeensocontroversial.Inthespaceoftwoyears,theenvironmentaldamagedonebyplaneshasgonefrombeingsomethingquietlydiscussedbyscientistsandcommittedenvironmentalists,toaheadline-grabbingissuenoonecanignore.

Eventhosewhoflyonceortwiceayearonholidaycan’thelpbutfeelagrowingsenseofguilt,whilethoseoptingfortripsbycar,trainorferryhaveaself-righteousspringintheirsteps.

(1)Now,however,thebacklashisbeginning.Thetourismandaviationindustriesaremobilizing,andpointingoutsomeawkwardfacts.Didyouknowthatsomeferriesemitfarmorecarbondioxidethansomeplanes?Thatdrivingcanreleasetwiceasmuchcarbonasflying?AnewreportfromBalpa,thepilot’sunion,evenclaimsthatplanescanbebetterthantrain.

(2)WhiletherearethecampaignerswhoplottheircampatHeathrowtoprotesttheairtravel,inKenyaplansarebeingdrawnupforaverydifferentcamp.LookingoutfromacliffoverthedesertsofSamburulandisastunninghotel,theO1MaloEco-Lodge.Revenuefromthesmallnumberofvisitingtouristshasallowedthe5,000acresaroundittobetransformedfromover-grazedcattleranchtoaconservationsite.MoreimpressivestillistheO1Maloeyeproject.Upto80percentofadultsintheareasuffersightloss,sotheO1MaloTrustrunsregularsurgicalcamps,bringingdoctorsfromtheUKtotreatthem.InJanuary,thecampgave102peoplebacktheirsight.“It’sverysimple—allofourvisitorsflyhere,”saidJuliaFrancombe,thefounder.“Iftheystoppedcoming,itwouldkillus.”

Onethingonwhichallsidesagreeisthataviationisbooming,soitbecomescrucialtodevelopnewandlesspollutingaircraft.Airbus’sclaimthatitcansavetheworldwiththeA380maybefar-fetched,butits(3)“gentlegiant”planeisfarmoreefficientandquieterthanthoseof20yearsago.

Someenvironmentalists,however,scorntheseadvances,sayingsuchmeasuresarea(4)“delusion.”“Theaviationindustryislikelytovastlyoverstatethegainsthatcanbemadefromtechnologicalimprovementsbutsadlyaclimatefriendlyplaneisn’tonthehorizon,”saysEmilyArmisteadofGreenpeace.

(5)Sothequestionis:whodoyoubelieve?

【答案】答:

1.Thepollutioncausedbyothertraffictoolsisbeginningtoincrease.

2.Ononehand,campaignerswhoplottheircampinEnglandaimtoagainsttheairtravel;Ontheotherhand,theothercampsinKenyademonstratethenecessityofflying.

3.bassandlarge-scale

4.vainattempttowardairpollutantproblems

5.Thequestionistodecidewhichsidedoyousupport.

【解析】1.原句句意是:然而,現(xiàn)在反彈開始了。結(jié)合上下文句意分析,上文提到飛機(jī)造成環(huán)境破壞已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)頭條新聞,而那些選擇開車、乘火車或渡輪旅行的人則有一種自以為是的春天;接著第三段提到一些渡輪排放的二氧化碳比一些飛機(jī)排放的要多得多,由此可知backlash指的是除飛機(jī)以外的交通工具污染開始得到人們的關(guān)注。故改寫為Thepollutioncausedbyothertraffictoolsisbeginningtoincrease(其他交通工具造成的污染也開始增加)。

2.原句句意是:雖然有一些活動(dòng)人士在希思羅機(jī)場設(shè)立營地來抗議肯尼亞的航空旅行,在肯尼亞,人們正在制定一個(gè)截然不同的營地計(jì)劃。希思羅機(jī)場是英國的,所以可以將therearethecampaignerswhoplottheircampatHeathrow改寫為campaignerswhoplottheircampinEngland(策劃在英國扎營的活動(dòng)人士);另外,肯尼亞的人們制定一個(gè)截然不同的營地計(jì)劃,通過“averydifferent”可知,這個(gè)計(jì)劃是和抗議肯尼亞的航空旅行相反的,所以inKenyaplansarebeingdrawnupforaverydifferentcamp可以改寫為theothercampsinKenyademonstratethenecessityofflying(肯尼亞的其他營地證明了飛行的必要性)。

3.這一句的句意是:空客聲稱它可以用A380拯救世界的說法可能有些牽強(qiáng),但是它的“溫柔的巨型”飛機(jī)比20年前的飛機(jī)效率更高,噪音更小。Gentlegiant帶引號(hào),這是一種比喻的說法,是用來修飾后面的plane(飛機(jī)),gentle原意是“溫和的”,根據(jù)語境這里是表示“噪音小,聲音低”,giant原意是“巨大的”,這里是表示飛機(jī)“體積大”,所以改寫為bassandlarge-scale(低音和大規(guī)模)。

4.這一句的句意是:然而,一些環(huán)保主義者鄙視這些進(jìn)步,稱這些措施是一種“妄想”。由此可知delusion表示“妄想”,所以可以改寫為vainattempt(妄想);另外為了細(xì)化句子的意思,添加towardairpollutantproblems(針對(duì)空氣污染問題)用來起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。

5.原句句意是:所以問題是:你相信誰?這一句是文章的總結(jié)句,整篇文章就飛機(jī)造成環(huán)境污染的問題的爭論,對(duì)正反兩個(gè)陣營進(jìn)行闡述,最后一句的意思就是“你支持哪一種說法”,所以可以改寫為Thequestionistodecidewhichsidedoyousupport(問題是你決定支持哪一方)。

11.單選題

)memostwasthattheyoungboywhohadlostbotharmsinanaccidentcouldhandleapenwithhisfeet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thatamazed

B.Itamazed

C.Whichamazed

D.Whatamazed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:令我吃驚的是,這個(gè)在車禍中喪失雙臂的年輕人能夠用腳拿筆。

語法題??疾槊~性從句。分析題干可知memost這部分在整個(gè)句子中作主語,因此這部分是主語從句。常用連接詞what引導(dǎo)主語從句,故答案選項(xiàng)為D。

12.單選題

Menoccasionallystumbleoverthetruth,butmostofthempickthemselvesupandhurryoffasifnothingeverhappened.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stopover

B.takeover

C.tripover

D.slideover

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)stopover“中途停留;暫留”;B選項(xiàng)takeover“接管;接收”;C選項(xiàng)tripover“被……絆倒”;D選項(xiàng)slideover“略過;回避”。句意:人們偶爾會(huì)在真理面前……,但大多數(shù)人會(huì)爬起來就匆匆離去,好像什么事也沒有發(fā)生過。根據(jù)后面的關(guān)鍵信息pickthemselvesup“自己爬起來”,一般人們會(huì)在摔倒后自己爬起來。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercar’sstillthere,she()bybus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.musthavegone

B.shouldhavegone

C.oughttohavegone

D.couldhavegone

【答案】A

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)musthavegone表示肯定的猜測,“她一定是坐公交車去的”;B選項(xiàng)shouldhavegone和C選項(xiàng)oughttohavegone表示本來應(yīng)該,“她本應(yīng)該坐公交車去的”;D選項(xiàng)couldhavegone表示本來可以,“她本可以坐公交車去的”。句意:南希去上班了,但她的車還在那兒,她一定是坐公交車去的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

ThereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjobstabilityinSouthKoreathegreatmobilityintheUnitedStates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contraryto

B.inregardto

C.incontrastto

D.withrespectto

【答案】C

【解析】短語搭配題。A選項(xiàng)contraryto與…相反,違反;B選項(xiàng)inregardto關(guān)于;C選項(xiàng)incontrastto與……形成對(duì)比;D選項(xiàng)withrespectto關(guān)于,至于。句意:與美國巨大的流動(dòng)性相比,朝鮮在好工作上的穩(wěn)定性有幾種可能的解釋。根據(jù)句意和搭配,正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Baltimorewasfoundedin1729.ForagenerationitseemednodifferentfromadozenothersettlementsspringingupattheheadoftheChesapeakeBay;itsclaimtodistinctionconsistedofablacksmith’sshop,flourmill,andtobaccowarehouse.YetBaltimorewasfatedforamoredynamicfuturethanitsslowbeginningseemedtoportend.SpurredbyanagriculturalrevolutionintheMarylandandPennsylvaniacountrysidesaswellasdramaticdisruptionintheAtlanticeconomy,Baltimoreatmidcenturybegantoboom.By1790ithadrisentobecomethenewrepublic’s,fourthlargestcitywithaspirationstoovertakethethreestillahead:NewYork,Philadelphia,andBoston.

AlthoughtheBaltimoreoftheJeffersonianarelooked“utterlyunlikethecolonialvillagefromwhichithademerged,thetwosharedmorethanmightbeapparentatfirstglance.”Baltimore’seconomyhadexpandedtremendously,tobesure,butthesameforcesthatsparkedexpansionaround1750continuedtosustainitfiftyyearslater.Despitetheestablishmentofnewgovernmentsatthestatelevelin1776,nationallevelin1788,andmunicipallevelin1797,thesamefesteringissuescontinuedtoconvulseitspolitics.IfBaltimorehadbecomericherandbigger,itsoccupationalstructure,wealthdistributionandresidentialpatternswouldhavewithstoodthepressuresofgrowthandlookedaboutthesamein1790asin1812.Inotherwords,thefrenziedandseeminglychaoticpaceofurbanization,Baltimoreenjoyedastrong,elementofstabilityforin1812,nolessthan1729,Baltimorewasapre-industrialtown.

1.InwhatyearwasBaltimoreestablished?

2.Whichofthefollowingwasnotoneofthenation’sthreelargestcitiesin1790?

3.Inline13,theword“sparked”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Whatlevelofgovernmentwasestablishedin1788?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheBaltimoreof1812canbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.1729.

B.1750.

C.1776.

D.1788.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Philadelphia.

B.Boston.

C.NewYork.

D.Baltimore.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Burned

B.Flickered.

C.Ledto.

D.Discharged.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Municipal.

B.Country.

C.State.

D.National.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itdidnottakethewaythecitydidin1790.

B.Itdidnothavemanyfactories.

C.Itwasnotanenjoyableplaceinwhichtolive.

D.Itcouldnotgrowanylarger.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一句話指出Baltimore成立于1729。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第一段最后一句提到fourthlargestcitywithaspirationstoovertakethethreestillahead:NewYork,Philadelphia,andBoston,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

spark所在的句子是Baltimore’seconomyhadexpandedtremendously,tobesure,butthesameforcesthatsparkedexpansionaround1750continuedtosustainitfiftyyearslater.根據(jù)前后問,3.可推斷spark在句中有“導(dǎo)致”的意思,所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章第二段nationallevelin1788提到是在1788年建立了國家政府,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章指出在狂熱的城市化進(jìn)程中,Baltimore在十分安定的狀態(tài)下度過。1812年的Baltimore和1729年一樣,是個(gè)“前工業(yè)化的城鎮(zhèn)”(Inotherwords,thefrenziedandseeminglychaoticpaceofurbanization,Baltimoreenjoyedastrong,elementofstabilityforin1812,nolessthan1729,Baltimorewasapre-industrialtown.)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

TheSpaceAge______inOctober1975whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheformerSovietUnion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)initiate“開始,發(fā)起”,一般指活動(dòng),團(tuán)體的產(chǎn)生;B選項(xiàng)originate“起源于,來自,產(chǎn)生”;C選項(xiàng)embark“上船,裝船,從事”,后面常接介詞on/upon;D選項(xiàng)commence“開始”,指重大事件及歷史時(shí)期的開始。根據(jù)TheSpaceAge(太空時(shí)代)和thefirstartificialsatellite(第一顆人造衛(wèi)星)可知是一件重大事件,因此選D。句意:太空時(shí)代始于1957年10月,當(dāng)時(shí)蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了第一顆人造衛(wèi)星。

17.單選題

Hethinksaboutnothingbutplayingchess.He’scompletely______toit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addicted

B.ascribed

C.tempted

D.overcome

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.addicted沉溺于,入迷,上癮B.ascribed歸于,歸咎于

C.tempted引誘,吸引D.overcome戰(zhàn)勝,克服

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息“Hethinksaboutnothingbutplayingchess(他只想著下棋)”可知,他對(duì)下棋入了迷,除了這件事無心去做其他。因此,只有A選項(xiàng)詞義最符合句意。且固定搭配“beaddictedto”表示“對(duì)……上癮,沉溺于”。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)beascribedto(歸結(jié)于)、C項(xiàng)betemptedto(受誘惑做某事)和D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】他只想著下棋。他完全上癮了。

18.單選題

Oneofthemostdifficultaspectsofdecidingwhethercurrentclimaticeventsrevealevidenceoftheimpactofhumanactivitiesisthatitishardtogetameasureofwhatconstitutesthenaturalvariabilityoftheclimate.Weknowthatoverthepastmillenniatheclimatehasundergonemajorchangeswithoutanysignificanthumanintervention.Wealsoknowthattheglobalclimatesystemisimmenselycomplicatedandthateverythingisinsomewayconnected,andsothesystemiscapableoffluctuatinginunexpectedways.Weneedthereforetoknowhowmuchtheclimatecanvaryofitsownaccordinordertointerpretwithconfidencetheextenttowhichrecentchangesarenaturalasopposedtobeingtheresultofhumanactivities.

Instrumentalrecordsdonotgobackfarenoughtoprovideuswithreliablemeasurementsofglobalclimaticvariabilityontimescaleslongerthanacentury.Whatwedoknowisthatasweincludelongertimeintervals,therecordshowsincreasingevidenceofslowswingsinclimatebetweendifferentregimes.Tobuildupabetterpictureoffluctuationsappreciablyfurtherbackintimerequiresustouseproxyrecords.

Overlongperiodsoftime,substanceswhosephysicalandchemicalpropertieschangewiththeambientclimateatthetimecanbedepositedinasystematicwaytoprovideacontinuousrecordofchangesinthosepropertiesovertime,sometimesforhundredsorthousandsofyears.Generally,thelayeringoccursonanannualbasis,henceheobservedchangesintherecordscanbedated.Informationontemperature,rainfall,andotheraspectsoftheclimatethatcanbeinferredfromthesystematicchangesinpropertiesisusuallyreferredtoasproxydata.ProxytemperaturerecordshavebeenreconstructedfromicecoredrilledoutofthecentralGreenlandicecap,calciteshellsembeddedinlayeredlakesedimentsinWesternEurope,oceanfloorsedimentcoresfromthetropicalAtlanticOcean,icecoresfromPeruvianglaciers,andicecoresfromeasternAntarctica.Whiletheserecordsprovidebroadlyconsistentindicationsthattemperaturevariationscanoccuronaglobalscale,therearenonethelesssomeintriguingdifferences,whichsuggestthatthepatternoftemperaturevariationsinregionalclimatescanalsodiffersignificantlyfromeachother.

Whattheproxyrecordsmakeabundantlyclearisthattherehavebeensignificantnaturalchangesintheclimateovertimescaleslongerthanafewthousandyears.Equallystriking,however,istherelativestabilityoftheclimateinthepast10,000years(theHoloceneperiod).

Totheextentthatthecoverageoftheglobalclimatefromtheserecordscanprovideameasureofitstruevariability,itshouldatleastindicatehowallthenaturalcausesofclimatechangehavecombined.Theseincludethechaoticfluctuationsoftheatmosphere,theslowerbutequallyerraticbehavioroftheoceans,changesinthelandsurfaces,andtheextentoficeandsnow.Alsoincludedwillbeanyvariationsthathavearisenfromvolcanicactivity,solaractivity,and,possibly,humanactivities.

1.Whichofthefollowingmustwefindoutinordertodeterminetheimpactofhumanactivitiesuponclimate?

2.Scientistsareabletoreconstructproxytemperaturerecordsby(

).

3.ProxydatahavesuggestedallofthefollowingabouttheclimateEXCEPT:

).

4.Theword‘‘erratic”intheparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themajorchangesinclimateoverthepastmillennia.

B.Thedegreetowhichtheclimatevariesnaturally.

C.Thebestmethodformeasuringclimaticchange.

D.Themillenniumwhenhumansbegantointerferewiththeclimate.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.studyingregionaldifferencesintemperaturevariations.

B.studyinganddatingchangesinthepropertiesofsubstances.

C.observingchangesinpresentdayclimateconditions.

D.inferringpastclimateshiftsfromobservationsofcurrentclimaticchanges.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Regionalclimatesmaychangeovertime.

B.Theclimatehaschangedverylittleinthepast10,000years.

C.Globaltemperaturesvarymorethanregionaltemperatures.

D.Importantnaturalchangesinclimatehaveoccurredoverlargetimescales.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.dramatic

B.important

C.unpredictable.

D.common

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘為了確定人類活動(dòng)對(duì)氣候的影響,我們必須找出以下哪一項(xiàng)?根據(jù)文章第一段中“Oneofthemostdifficultaspectsofdecidingwhethercurrentclimaticeventsrevealevidenceoftheimpactofhumanactivitiesisthatitishardtogetameasureofwhatconstitutesthenaturalvariabilityoftheclimate.要判斷當(dāng)前的氣候事件是否揭示了人類活動(dòng)影響的證據(jù),最困難的一個(gè)方面是很難衡量是什么構(gòu)成了氣候的自然變化?!?,確定判斷人類對(duì)氣候的影響之前必須確定自然的影響,所以B選項(xiàng)“氣候自然變化的程度”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘科學(xué)家能通過什么重建替代溫度記錄?’根據(jù)文章第三段中第三句“ProxytemperaturerecordshavebeenreconstructedfromicecoredrilledoutofthecentralGreenlandicecap,calciteshellsembeddedinlayeredlakesedimentsinWesternEurope,oceanfloorsedimentcoresfromthetropicalAtlanticOcean,icecoresfromPeruvianglaciers,andicecoresfromeasternAntarctica.從格陵蘭島中部冰冠鉆出的冰芯、嵌在西歐分層湖泊沉積物中的方解石殼、熱帶大西洋洋底沉積物的冰芯、秘魯冰川的冰芯和南極洲東部的冰芯重建了代理溫度記錄。”。原文談及很多重建溫度的方法,無論是冰川,沉積物還是碳酸鹽,都屬“substance物質(zhì)”,所以B選項(xiàng)“研究和測定物質(zhì)性質(zhì)的變化”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘代理數(shù)據(jù)表明了如下所有關(guān)于氣候的內(nèi)容,除了……?’根據(jù)第四段第一句“Whattheproxyrecordsmakeabundantlyclearisthattherehavebeensignificantnaturalchangesintheclimateovertimescaleslongerthanafewthousandyears.代理記錄充分表明,在超過幾千年的時(shí)間跨度內(nèi),氣候發(fā)生了重大的自然變化?!笨膳懦鼳選項(xiàng)‘隨著時(shí)間的推移,地區(qū)氣候可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化’和D選項(xiàng)‘氣候的重要自然變化是在大的時(shí)間尺度上發(fā)生的’。根據(jù)第二句“Equallystriking,however,istherelativestabilityoftheclimateinthepast10,000years(theHoloceneperiod).然而,同樣令人驚訝的是在過去的一萬年(全新世)中氣候變化的相對(duì)來說很穩(wěn)定?!笨膳懦鼴選項(xiàng)‘在過去的一萬年里,氣候變化非常小?!虼?,C項(xiàng)‘全球氣溫的變化比地區(qū)氣溫的變化更大’在文中沒有體現(xiàn),符合題意。

4.詞義猜測題。題目提問‘第五段中"erratic”最接近什么意思?’根據(jù)上下文,“erratic行為古怪,反復(fù)無?!迸c前文中“chaoticfluctuationsoftheatmosphere變化多端的大氣波動(dòng)”的“chaotic混沌的;一團(tuán)糟的”相對(duì)應(yīng),因此,C選項(xiàng)“無法預(yù)言的;不可預(yù)測”符合語境。

19.單選題

Hergenerosityisoneofhermostpleasing().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.characteristics

B.attributes

C.traits

D.peculiarity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:characteristics“特性,特征”;B:attributes“屬性;特性”;C:traits“人的個(gè)性,顯著的特點(diǎn)”;D:peculiarity“特性;特質(zhì)”。句意:為人慷慨是她最討人歡喜的個(gè)性。結(jié)合此處語境,C為正確答案。

20.單選題

Chinesepoemshavemorerestrictionswiththepatternsof

attheendofeachlinethanEnglishpoems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rhythm

B.rhyme

C.sounds

D.melody

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。rhythm“節(jié)奏,韻律”;rhyme“韻腳;押韻詞”;sound“聲音”;melody“旋律,歌曲”。句意:與英語詩歌相比,中文詩歌在句尾的押韻上更為嚴(yán)格。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

21.單選題

Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept()?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredients

B.elements

C.components

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】近義詞辨析。ingredients材料,成分;elements基礎(chǔ),原理,元素;components(機(jī)器的)組件,部件;compounds(化學(xué)類的)合成物。句意:為什么素食餐廳的菜肴除了配料外其他各方面都像肉?選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

22.單選題

Theprodigalsonspenthismoneyextravagantlyandsoonafterhelefthomehewasreducedtoabeggar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lavishly

B.economically

C.thriftily

D.extrovertly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。extravagantly在句中是“揮霍無度地”;A選項(xiàng)lavishly“浪費(fèi)地”;B選項(xiàng)economically“經(jīng)濟(jì)地,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)地”;C項(xiàng)thriftily“節(jié)儉地”;D選項(xiàng)extrovertly“外向地”。句意:這個(gè)浪子揮霍錢財(cái),離家不久就淪為乞丐。根據(jù)選項(xiàng),只有A項(xiàng)符合。

23.單選題

Thismicroscope(

)by1,000timesthesampleontheslides.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.probed

B.abided

C.magnified

D.specified

【答案】C

【解析】probe探查,調(diào)查;abide持續(xù),忍受;magnified放大;specify詳細(xì)說明。句意:顯微鏡把放在幻燈片上的樣品放大了1000倍。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

24.單選題

ProfessorHawkingis()asoneoftheworld’sgreatestlivingphysicists.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dignified

B.clarified

C.acknowledged

D.illustrated

【答案】C

【解析】dignify使高貴,授予榮譽(yù);clarify澄清,闡明;acknowledge承認(rèn),認(rèn)可;illustrate闡明,舉例。句意:霍金教授被公認(rèn)是當(dāng)今世界上最偉大的物理學(xué)家之一。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

25.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoEnglish

理性的、勤勞的、有用的人可以分為兩類:對(duì)第一類人而言,工作就是工作,娛樂就是娛樂;對(duì)第二類人而言,工作和娛樂是相結(jié)合的。前者占多數(shù)。他們可以得到相應(yīng)的報(bào)酬。在辦公室或工廠里長時(shí)間的工作,不僅能夠帶給他們維持生計(jì)的金錢,還帶給他們一種渴求娛樂的強(qiáng)烈欲望,哪怕這種娛樂消遣是以最簡單、最單純的方式進(jìn)行的。而第二類人則是命運(yùn)的寵兒,他們的生活自然而和諧。在他們的眼里,工作時(shí)間永遠(yuǎn)不夠多,每天都是假期;而真正的假日到來時(shí),他們總會(huì)抱怨自己有趣的休假被強(qiáng)行中斷。

事實(shí)上,有一些東西對(duì)于這兩類人來說都十分必要,那就是變換一下角度,改變一下環(huán)境,嘗試做點(diǎn)不同的事情。實(shí)際上,那些把工作看作娛樂的人可能需要以某種方式將工作不時(shí)地從自己的大腦里趕出去。

【答案】Rational,industriousandusefulmancanbeclassifiedintotwogroups:forthefirstgroup,workisworkandentertainmentisentertainment;forthesecondgroup,workandentertainmentareone.Theformergrouparethemajority.Theyhavetheircorrespondingpayment.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringenoughmoneytosupportfamily,aswellasastrongdesiretoobtainpleasure,eveninitssimplestandmoremodestforms.ThesecondgroupareFortune’sfavoredchildren.Theirlifeisanaturalharmony.Forthemtheworkinghoursareneverlongenough.Eachdayisaholiday,andwhenordinaryholidayscome,theyalwayscomplainthattheirinterestingholidaysareinterruptedforcibly.

Infact,itisessentialforbothtwogroupstochangetheoutlook,atmosphereandenvironmentandtrysomethingdifferent.Indeed,thosewhoregardworkasentertainmentshouldbanishworkfromtheirmindsinsomeway.

26.單選題

Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects________inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1990.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havebeenconducting

B.wereconducting

C.hadbeenconducted

D.areconducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。A是過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí),表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始,并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作;B是過去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示過去正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;C是過去完成時(shí),表示從過去的時(shí)間某動(dòng)作已完成;D是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。句意:早在1990年,美國和歐洲都已經(jīng)做過了對(duì)移動(dòng)物體攝影的實(shí)驗(yàn)。1990是一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間,句子中有個(gè)wellbefore,所以可知做物體移動(dòng)的攝影實(shí)驗(yàn)是在1990年之前就完成了,是一個(gè)在過去就已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,因此答案選C。

27.單選題

Ifthepopulationkeepsongrowing,therewilleventuallynotbeenoughresourceslefttosustainlifeontheearth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maintain

B.pertain

C.retain

D.continue

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。sustain表示“維持”;A項(xiàng)maintain“主張,維持,繼續(xù)”,B項(xiàng)pertain“適合,從屬”,C項(xiàng)retain“保持,記住”,D項(xiàng)continue“繼續(xù),延續(xù)”。句意:如果人口繼續(xù)增長,最終將沒有足夠的資源來維持地球上的生命。根據(jù)句意可知,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

28.單選題

Anewtechnique(),theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.workingout

B.hadbeenworkedout

C.havingbeenworkedout

D.havingworkedout

【答案】C

【解析】句意:因?yàn)樾录夹g(shù)已經(jīng)解決,所以,整體的產(chǎn)量增長了20%。

語法題??疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。逗號(hào)后半句結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)完整,因此前半句應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。此外,anewtechnique和workout之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此,此處應(yīng)該是過去分詞做狀語。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

29.單選題

Attheconferenceyesterday,ourdifferenceswerefurther(

).Thenextstepistoworkoutasolutionacceptabletobothsides.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.narrowed

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