考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西電力職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西電力職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

1.Inpresent-daytechnologymanmakestremendousdemandsonthematerialsavailabletohim.Thedemandisnotonlyforhugequantitiesofmaterialssuchastimber,concrete,steelandplasticsforconstructionalpurposes.Itisalsoforsmallerbutcrucialamountsofmaterialswhicharelesseasilyobtainable.Materialssuchasuraniumandtitaniumdonotexistinlargequantitiesbuttheypossessunusualpropertieswhichmakethemessentialforcertainhighlyspecializeduses.

2.Computersareelectronicmachinesforprocessingdata.Dataarepiecesoritemsofinformationthathavebeenproperlypreparedsothatthemachinecanworkwiththem.Processingmeanshandlingormanipulatingthematerialthathasbeenpresentedtothemachineinsuchwaysasperformingcalculations,classifyinginformation,ormakingcomparisons.Acomputerismadeofmillionsofelectronicdevicesthatcanstorethedataorswitchthemthroughcomplexcircuitswithdifferentfunctionsatincrediblespeeds.

3.在傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)家庭中，成年子女與年長(zhǎng)父母生活在一個(gè)屋檐下。自1974年中國(guó)實(shí)行獨(dú)生子女政策以來(lái)，中國(guó)家庭經(jīng)歷了許多變化，其中一個(gè)變化是核心家庭成為主導(dǎo)。當(dāng)獨(dú)生子女因?yàn)樽x大學(xué)或結(jié)婚而離開家里時(shí)，父母才四五十歲，他們比其他國(guó)家育有多個(gè)子女的父母更早經(jīng)歷空巢綜合征。他們忽然感到孤獨(dú)、悲傷、無(wú)用、消沉。

【答案】1.當(dāng)今的技術(shù)人員對(duì)可用的材料提出了巨大的要求。這種需求不僅適用于諸如木材、混凝土、鋼鐵以及用于建筑目的的塑料等數(shù)量巨大的材料，也適用于較少但至關(guān)重要，且不易獲得的材料。鈾和鈦這樣一類材料并不大量存在，但它們具有非凡的特性，這使得它們成為某些特殊用途所不可缺少的材料。

2.計(jì)算機(jī)是處理數(shù)據(jù)的電子機(jī)器。數(shù)據(jù)是已被適當(dāng)準(zhǔn)備好以便機(jī)器能夠使用的信息片段或項(xiàng)目。加工指的是對(duì)呈現(xiàn)在機(jī)器上的材料進(jìn)行處理或操作，如計(jì)算、分類或比較。計(jì)算機(jī)是由數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的電子設(shè)備組成的，這些設(shè)備可以存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)或通過(guò)具有不同功能的復(fù)雜電路以令人難以置信的速度轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)。

3.InatraditionalChinesefamily,adultchildrenliveunderthesameroofwiththeirolderparents.SinceChinaadoptedtheone-childpolicyin1974,Chinesefamilieshaveundergonemanychanges,oneofwhichisthedominanceofthenuclearfamily.Whenonlychildrenleavehomeforcollegeormarriage,theirparentsareintheir40sor50s,andtheyexperienceempty-nestsyndromeearlierthanparentswithmultiplechildreninothercountries.Theysuddenlyfeellonely,sad,useless,anddepressed.

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.

當(dāng)我們進(jìn)入數(shù)碼物件的電子時(shí)代時(shí)，最重要的是要意識(shí)到新技術(shù)已經(jīng)給我們這個(gè)社會(huì)帶來(lái)了很多挑戰(zhàn)，其中之一就是如何在這個(gè)電子時(shí)代保存好歷史檔案記錄。更重要的是我們要知道，我們正在步入這樣一個(gè)時(shí)代：即我們今天所熟知的很多東西以及用電子方式編碼和寫入的很多東西將會(huì)永久丟失。其中一個(gè)例子就是遍布世界各地政府和大學(xué)的很多數(shù)據(jù)集由于技術(shù)的變化而被淘汰了，而且這些數(shù)據(jù)將來(lái)要么丟失，要么需要采取髙昂的“營(yíng)救”措施來(lái)挽救它們。在我看來(lái)，我們正生活在一個(gè)數(shù)碼黑暗時(shí)代。因此，圖書和檔案管理員肩挑的責(zé)任就是要恪守我們這個(gè)時(shí)代崇尚歷史和出版遺產(chǎn)的傳統(tǒng)。

【答案】Asweentertheelectronicageofdigitalobjects,themostsignificantthingistorecognizethatnewtechnologieshavebroughtmanychallengestooursociety.Oneofthemishowtopreservehistoricalrecordsinthiselectronicage.Moreimportantly,wearemovingintoanerainwhichmuchofwhatweknowtoday,andmuchofwhatisencodedandwrittenelectronically,willbelostforever.Oneexampleisthatmanydatasetsfromgovernmentsanduniversitiesaroundtheworldareobsoletedduetochangesintechnology,andthatdatawilleitherbelostinthefutureorwillrequirecostly“rescue”measurestosaveit.Inmyopinion,wearelivinginadigitaldarkage.Therefore,theresponsibilityoflibrariansandarchivistsistoscrupulouslyabidebythehistoricalandpublishingheritageweupholdinourtime.

3.單選題

IfIkeepthisoathfaithfully,mayIenjoymylifeandpracticemyart,（

）byallmenandinalltimes;butifIswervefromitorviolateit,maythereversebemylot.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingrespected

B.respecting

C.respectfully

D.respected

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。題干主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為enjoy，后面接動(dòng)詞ing形式。空格后有by，可推測(cè)前面應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。因此應(yīng)使用being+done的形式。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Themostsuccessfulwaytosolvethelanguageproblemwhileaforeignplayisbeingperformedis（

）translation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.spontaneous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)homogeneous“均勻的，同質(zhì)的”；B選項(xiàng)simultaneous“同時(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的”；D選項(xiàng)spontaneous“自發(fā)的，無(wú)意識(shí)的”。句意：解決外交活動(dòng)中的語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題最成功的方法是同聲傳譯。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

Starvationprobablydoesn’tsoundlikeakeytolivingwellintooldage.Butasstrangeasitseems,calorierestriction,doneintermittently,appearstobeoneofthegatewaystolastinglong-termhealth.

Theconcepthasalreadybeenprovedeffectiveinmice,rats,dogsandmonkeys.However,verylimitedresearchhasbeendonetoevaluatethehealthimpactofcalorierestrictioninhumans.Inanimals,calorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongevity,decreasedriskforcancerandinflammatorydiseasesandlowercognitivedecline.Thechallengehasbeentotranslatetheconcepttotherealworldinwhichhumansneedtoeattogetthroughtheday.

Anewstudytestedoutamodifiedversionoftheconceptonhumans.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniahavedesignedwhattheycalla“fastingmimickingdiet”thatprovidesallthebenefitsofstarvingyourself",withalittlelessstarvation.

Theplanlastsforfivedaysamonth,withacyclethat’srepeatedforthreemonths.OnDayOne,adietereatsfoodfromtheprescribedplanthattotals1,090calorieswith10percentprotein,56percentfat,and34percentcarbohydrates.OnDaysTwothroughFive...dietersconsumejust725calorieswith9percentprotein,44percentfat,and47percentcarbohydrates.

Peopleonthedietatevegetablesoup,energybars,energydrinksandlow-caloriesnackchips,anddrankalotofchamomiletea.Theyalsotookvegetable-baseddietarysupplements.Onnon-dietingdaystheyatenormally.

Itmaysoundgimmicky,butVijg,oneoftheresearchers,saysexistingsciencealreadybacksuptheclaimthattheplancouldeffectivelyimprovehumanhealthandprolonglife.Inhumans,thedietprovidedanumberofphysiologicalchangesthatcouldreduceriskfactorsforage-relatedconditionssuchasreducedbloodglucoseandinsulinlevels.

Inessence,fastinghastheabilitytoimprovestressresponseonacellularlevel.Apersononthisprogramislikelytoloseweightovertime,butresearcherssaybetterhealthinoldageistherealbenefit.Withtherightmarketing,Vijgbelievesafastingmimickingdietcouldbecomethenextcommerciallybrandeddietcraze,likeAtkinsorPaleo.However,itcouldalsohavesomepracticalapplicationsinamedicalsetting.Aphysiciancouldprescribethediettoapatientforaspecificamountoftimebeforesurgery,chemotherapyandothertypesoftreatmentsandproceduresthatareknowntocausetraumaandstresstothebody.

1.Whatisthedifficultyintheresearchoftheeffectofstarvationonhumans?

2.Themodifiedversionoftheconceptrefersto（

）.

3.WhatkindoffoodisNOTallowedondietingdays?

4.Accordingtotheresearchers,whatbenefitscanpeoplegetbyfollowingtheplan?

5.AtkinsandPaleointhelastparagraphmostprobablyrefertobrandnamesof

（

）.

6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Humansneedtoeatinreallife.

B.Animalsarefreefromdiseases.

C.Humansandanimalsresponddifferentlytostarvation.

D.Humansandanimalshavedifferentlifeexpectancy.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.adietwithfruitsandvegetablesonly

B.aperiodicdietwithalittlefood

C.acalorie-consistentdiet

D.adietlastingforfivedaysonly

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Energysupplements.

B.Sportdrinks.

C.Meatandfish.

D.Foodwithadditives.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Nicebodyshape.

B.Psychologicalwell-being.

C.Betterhealthinoldage.

D.Goodrelationswithothers.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.healthyteas

B.populardiets

C.fastfood

D.weight-reducingmedicines

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.TheLessCalorie,theBetter?

B.SayNotoStarvation.

C.AProvedMethodofWeightManagement.

D.Coulda5-dayFastingDietProlongYourLife?

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段最后一句，“Thechallengehasbeentotranslatetheconcepttotherealworldinwhichhumansneedtoeattogetthroughtheday.(現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中人類需要吃東西生存，要把（饑餓狀態(tài)對(duì)人們健康有益）這個(gè)理念傳遞給大眾不是一件容易的事。)”從而得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“themodifiedversionoftheconcept”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第三段最后一句和第四段第一句。“havedesignedwhattheycalla“fastingmimickingdiet”thatprovidesallthebenefitsofstarvingyourself",withalittlelessstarvation.(設(shè)計(jì)了一種他們稱之為“空腹模擬節(jié)食”的飲食方式，它提供了讓自己挨餓的所有好處，而且減少了一點(diǎn)饑餓。)”“Theplanlastsforfivedaysamonth,withacyclethat’srepeatedforthreemonths.(該計(jì)劃每月持續(xù)五天，每三個(gè)月重復(fù)一次。)”從而得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第五段。“Peopleonthedietatevegetablesoup,energybars,energydrinksandlow-caloriesnackchips,anddrankalotofchamomiletea.Theyalsotookvegetable-baseddietarysupplements.(節(jié)食的人喝蔬菜湯，能量棒，能量飲料和低熱量的零食薯?xiàng)l，喝很多甘菊茶。他們還服用了以蔬菜為基礎(chǔ)的膳食補(bǔ)充劑。)”從而得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第六段第二句。“Inhumans,thedietprovidedanumberofphysiologicalchangesthatcouldreduceriskfactorsforage-relatedconditionssuchasreducedbloodglucoseandinsulinlevels.(對(duì)于人類，這種計(jì)劃能夠帶來(lái)一些體質(zhì)的變化，從而降低一些例如血糖和胰島素等隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)而帶來(lái)的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”從而得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“AtkinsandPaleo”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段，根據(jù)“Vijgbelievesafastingmimickingdietcouldbecomethenextcommerciallybrandeddietcraze,likeAtkinsorPaleo.(Vijg認(rèn)為，像Atkins和Paleo那樣，模仿禁食的飲食可能會(huì)成為下一個(gè)商業(yè)品牌的飲食熱潮。)”即可得出本題答案。

6.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“…calorierestriction,doneintermittently,appearstobeoneofthegatewaystolastinglong-termhealth.（間歇性地限制熱量攝入，似乎是保持長(zhǎng)期健康的途徑之一。）”“fastingmimickingdiet（禁食模仿飲食）”，可知作者在本文探討的是這種階段性節(jié)食是否能夠長(zhǎng)壽。從而得出本題答案。

6.單選題

Speech—theactofutteringsoundstoconveymeaningisakindofhumanaction.Likeanyotherconstantlyrepeatedaction,speakinghastobelearned,butonceitislearned,itbecomesagenerallyunconsciousandapparentlyautomaticprocess.

Asfaraswecandeterminehumanbeingsdonotneedtobeforcedtospeak;mostbabiesscorntopossessasortofinstinctivedrivetoproducespeechlikenoises.Howtospeakandwhattosayareanothermatteraltogether,Theseactionsarelearnedfromtheparticularsocietyintowhichthebabyisborn;sothat,likeallconductthatislearnedfromasociety—fromthepeoplearoundus—speechisapatternedactivity.

Themeanderingbabbleandchatterofayoungchildareeventuallychanneledbyimitationintoafeworderlygroovesthatrepresentthepatternacceptedasmeaningfulbythepeoplearoundhim.Similarly,achild'sindiscriminatepracticeofputtingthingsintohismouthbecomeslimitedtoputtingfoodintohismouthinacertainway.

Thesoundsthatachildcanmakearemorevariedandnumerousthanthesoundsthatanyparticularlanguageutilizes.However,achildbornintoasocietywithapatternoflanguageisencouragedtomakeasmallselectionofsoundsandtomakethesefewsoundsoverandoveruntilitisnaturalforhimtomakethesesoundsandnoothers.

1.Foranadulttheprocessofspeakingusuallyinvolves（）

.

2.Theselectionsaysthatmostbabieshaveaninstinctivedriveto（）

.

3.Conductthatislearnedfromasocietymaybecalled（）

.

4.Themostimportantfactorinachild'slearningtospeakprobablyis（）.

5.Thesoundsthatachildisabletomakeare（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consciousselectionofsounds

B.imitationofthosearoundhim

C.adrivetomakenoises

D.unconsciousactions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.expressideasinwords

B.makespeechliksnoises

C.Conveymeaning

D.imitatesoundsaroundthem

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.instinctivedrive

B.selection

C.automaticactivity

D.patternedactivity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.repetition

B.selection

C.instinct

D.imitation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.notasvariedasthoseusedinlanguage

B.morevariedandnumerousthanthoseinanylanguage

C.farfewerthanthoseneededtoformalanguage

D.completelydifferentfromthesoundsoflanguage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Likeanyother...unconsciousandapparentlyautomaticprocess.”就像任何其他不斷重復(fù)的動(dòng)作一樣，說(shuō)話是需要學(xué)習(xí)的，但是一旦學(xué)會(huì)了，它就會(huì)變成一個(gè)通常無(wú)意識(shí)的、明顯是自動(dòng)的過(guò)程。所以，說(shuō)話過(guò)程通常包含無(wú)意識(shí)行為。選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第二段的第一句“mostbabiesscorntopossessasortofinstinctivedrivetoproducespeechlikenoises.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第3題:根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“l(fā)ikeallconductthatislearnedfromasociety—fromthepeoplearoundus—speechisapatteredactivity.”選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第4題:根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“However,achild...untilitisnaturalforhimtomakethesesoundsandnoothers.”然而，一個(gè)出生在一個(gè)有語(yǔ)言模式的社會(huì)的孩子被鼓勵(lì)對(duì)聲音做一個(gè)小小的選擇，并不斷地發(fā)出這幾個(gè)聲音，直到他自然地發(fā)出這些聲音，而不是其他聲音。注意關(guān)鍵詞“natural”自然的，也就是本能地發(fā)出這種聲音，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第5題:根據(jù)第四段的第一句“Thesoundsthatachildcanmakearemorevariedandnumerousthanthesoundsthatanyparticularlanguageutilizes.”孩子能發(fā)出的聲音比任何一種語(yǔ)言所使用的聲音都要豐富多樣。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

7.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

紅包，字面意思是“紅色的小袋”，是中國(guó)新年的重要元素。里面的現(xiàn)金被認(rèn)為是來(lái)年的壓歲錢。紅包一般是長(zhǎng)輩送給晚輩的，尤其是孩子，但如果你收入不錯(cuò)，每年這個(gè)時(shí)候給父母、爺爺奶奶分一些錢也是符合禮貌的。如果你結(jié)婚了，你就得給紅包；如果你是單身，你通常會(huì)收到紅包。如果被邀請(qǐng)到別人家過(guò)年，你知道他們有孩子，那最好在一個(gè)紅包里放點(diǎn)錢。如果你去北方游玩，紅包里的現(xiàn)金數(shù)額就選一個(gè)整數(shù)；在南方，挑個(gè)幸運(yùn)數(shù)字（任何帶有6或8的數(shù)字）。

【答案】Hongbao,whichliterallymeans“alittleredenvelope”,isanimportantelementofChineseNewYear.Thecashinsideisconsideredasluckymoneyforthecomingyear.Itisusuallygivenbyelderstoyoungergenerations,especiallychildren,butifyouhaveaniceincome,it’spolitetogivesomemoneytoyourparentsandgrandparentsatthistimeofyear.Ifyouaremarried,youhavetogiveredenvelopes;ifyouaresingle,youusuallyreceiveone.Ifyouareinvitedtosomeone’shomeforChineseNewYearandyouknowtheyhavechildren,itisbesttoputsomecashinaredenvelope.Andifyouvisitthenorth,theamountofcashinitshouldbearoundnumber,andifyouvisittheSouth,choosealuckynumber(anynumberwitha6or8).

8.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Theairwebreatheissofreelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetwithoutitwecouldnotsurvivemorethanafewminutes.Forthemostpart,thesameairisavailabletoeveryone,andeveryoneneedsit.Somepeopleusetheairtosustainthemwhiletheysitaroundandfeelsorryforthemselves.Othersbreatheintheairandusetheenergyitprovidestomakeamagnificentlifeforthemselves.

Opportunityisthesameway.Itiseverywhere.Opportunityissofreelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetopportunityaloneisnotenoughtocreatesuccess.Opportunitymustbeseizedandacteduponinordertohavevalue.Somanypeoplearesoanxiousto“getin”ona“groundflooropportunity’’,asiftheopportunitywilldoallthework.That’simpossible.Justasyouneedairtobreathe,youneedopportunitytosucceed.Ittakesmorethanjustbreathinginthefreshairofopportunity,however.Youmustmakeuseofthatopportunity.That’snotuptotheopportunity.That’suptoyou.Itdoesn’tmatterwhat“floor”theopportunityison.Whatmattersiswhatyoudowithit.

B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

如果失敗了你會(huì)怎么做？很多人可能會(huì)選擇放棄。然而，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是堅(jiān)持你的方向和目標(biāo)。在通往成功的路上，你必須堅(jiān)持你的方向。它就像一盞燈，在黑暗中為你指路，幫助你度過(guò)難關(guān)。否則，你很容易就會(huì)迷失方向或猶豫不前。方向意味著目標(biāo)，人生如果沒(méi)有目標(biāo)，將一事無(wú)成。你可以試著把你的目標(biāo)寫在紙上，并制定實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的計(jì)劃。這樣，你就會(huì)懂得如何合理安排時(shí)間，如何正確地支配時(shí)間。而且你還要有這樣的信念：只要你一直堅(jiān)持自己的方向，你就一定可以成功。

【答案】A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

【參考譯文】

我們所呼吸的空氣觸手可及，以至于我們將其視為理所當(dāng)然。然而，倘若沒(méi)有空氣，我們只能存活幾分鐘。大多數(shù)情況下，每個(gè)人都能呼吸到同樣的空氣，也都需要空氣。有的人一邊坐著自怨自艾，一邊又呼吸空氣來(lái)維持生命。另一些人卻呼吸空氣，并利用空氣提供的能量為自己創(chuàng)造美好的生活。

機(jī)遇也是如此。它無(wú)處不在。機(jī)遇是如此唾手可得，以至于我們將其當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然。然而，只有機(jī)遇不足以創(chuàng)造成功。為了讓機(jī)遇有價(jià)值，必須抓住機(jī)遇并采取行動(dòng)。很多人都急于抓住“先機(jī)”，好像抓住機(jī)遇就會(huì)一勞永逸，這是不可能的。正如你需要空氣來(lái)呼吸一樣，你也需要獲得成功的機(jī)遇。然而，成功不僅僅是呼吸到機(jī)遇的新鮮空氣。你必須利用所獲得的機(jī)遇。對(duì)機(jī)遇的利用不取決于機(jī)遇，而取決于你。機(jī)遇處于什么“階段”不重要，最重要的是你如何利用它。

B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【參考譯文】

Whatwouldyoudoifyoufailed?Manypeoplemaychoosetogiveup.However,thereliablewaytosuccessistoadheretoyourdirectionandgoal.Onthewaytosuccess,youmustkeepyourdirection.Itisjustlikealamp,guidingyouindarknessandhelpingyoupullthough.Otherwise,youwilleasilygetlostorhangback.Directionmeansgoals.Nothingcanbedonewithoutagoalinyourlife.Youcantrytowritedownyourgoalsandmakesomeplanstoachievethem.Inthisway,youwillknowhowtoarrangeanduseyourtimeproperly.Furthermore,youshouldhaveabeliefthatyouaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.

9.單選題

Forayoungmanofsuchscrupulousloyaltyandsolittleambitionthiswasadiscouragingstart.Despiteallhiscorrectness,heappearedtohaveblunderedandtohavestartedlife（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onwrongfeet

B.onhiswrongfeet

C.onthewrongfoot

D.onawrongfoot

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配onthewrongfeet“處于不利地位”，可排除A、B和D選項(xiàng)。句意：盡管他很正確，但是他似乎犯了大錯(cuò)，使人生處于不利的處境。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Georgewas（）frommilitaryservicewhilehewasstillinschool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.exempted

D.stopped

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prevented“阻止；避免”；B選項(xiàng)restrained“抑制；約束”；C選項(xiàng)exempted“免除；豁免”；D選項(xiàng)stopped“停止；終止”。句意：?jiǎn)讨芜€在學(xué)校的時(shí)候就被……服兵役。militaryservice“兵役”，服兵役是一項(xiàng)責(zé)任。exempt做形容詞有被免除責(zé)任和義務(wù)的意思，而且exemptsb.fromsth.為固定搭配，意為“免除某人某事”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

LivinginsuchahighplaceasTibethasitsproblems,（

）obtainingoxygenisnottheleast.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofwhich

B.forwhat

C.as

D.whose

【答案】A

【解析】句意:生活在如西藏這樣高海拔的地方有其問(wèn)題，其中不僅僅只是氧氣

獲得的問(wèn)題。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知后半句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為problems(問(wèn)題),所以用of+which表示“屬于”。

12.單選題

Wehavedoneallwecouldandnowourcherishedprojectis（

）ournewCEO.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ontheagendaof

B.inthepowerof

C.undertheguidanceof

D.withtheguidanceof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)ontheagendaof“列入會(huì)議議程的”；B選項(xiàng)inthepowerof“受……支配，在……的控制下”；C選項(xiàng)undertheguidanceof“在……的指導(dǎo)下”；D選項(xiàng)withtheguidanceof“在……的指導(dǎo)下”，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)表原因。由project（項(xiàng)目）與CEO（執(zhí)行總裁）之間的關(guān)系可知項(xiàng)目應(yīng)處于CEO的控制下較符合邏輯搭配。句意：我們已經(jīng)竭盡所能，現(xiàn)在我們珍視的項(xiàng)目掌握在新任CEO的手中。

13.翻譯題

Sincetheturnofthecentury,Londonershaveexpressedapreferenceforsuburbanlocationsasmorepleasantandsafertobringupchildren.Themiddleclassesfearurbanpubliclifesomuch,theyarewillingtotradeoffthedailyjourneytoworkinfavorofsafetyandseclusionathome.InNewYork,peopleviewthestreets,sidewalks,plazasandsubwaysasareasofcombatratherthancivilitywherethegoalisnotenjoymentbutsurvival.

Thisprocessofdetachmentandwithdrawalhasbeenencouragedbythemotorcar,bringinginitswakedifficultpedestrianaccesskeysitescutoffbyringroads,andmulti-storeycarparkswhichareparticularlythreateningtowomen.Thecinemahaspartlygivenwaytothehomevideo,andluxuryhousingdevelopmentsaroundLondonfeaturehighlevelsofsecuritysurveillance.

InNewYork,newbuildingsarefilledwith“defensiblespace”,galesandguardstofunnelyouthiswayorthatbecausedrugdealerscanmakeapublicspacetheirowninafewdays.

Theunrestrainedgrowthofincivilities—drunks,tramps,rowdyyouth,prostitutes,andotherdisreputables—haddecreasedcommunalcontrol.Thishadledtomoreactualcrime,increasedthefearofcrime,encouragedwithdrawalintoprivatespaces,sofurtherreducingcommitmenttoneighborhoodsandencouraginggreaterincivilities.

Theresultisthatpeoplethencreateashieldforthemselvesinpublicplaces;theyminimizeexpressionsandbodycontact,choosesealingtosignalwhatmighthappennext,theyrun.Sincebeggarsprobablyevokedmixedreactionsofpity,embarrassment,orfear,theirhighvisibilityonthestreetsmaywellleadpeopletoavoidcertainplaces.

ItisincivilitieslikethesewhichsurelymakepeoplefearfulincitiesandwhichcannotbedismissedasHomeofficialstendtodo,asirrationalfears.Awoman’sfearfulnessabouttravellingontheTube,forexample,cannotbelightlydismissedonthegroundsthatstatisticallysheislesslikelytosufferanassaultthanayoungman.Herfearsarefuelledbyallthesesurroundingincivilities,plusgestures,sexualinnuendos,orremarksfromyouth:inthecarriage.IfacoupleofyoungmenstartsmokingontheTube,thetensioninthecarriageispalpablebecausepeopleknowwhatthereactionislikelytobeiftheyaretoldtostop.Womenoroldpeoplefeelmorevulnerablethanyoungmenbecausetheyarcmorevulnerable.Whenconsideringrisks,policymakerstendtoemphasizestatisticalinfrequencyanddownplaythegravityofoutcomes.

Londoncriesoutforsomekindofcoherentcityplanning.Butthequalityofitscitizens,liveswon’tbeimprovedunlesstheseincivilities,whicharesomuchmoredifficulttoquantify,areproperlyaddressed.

【答案】汽車加快了遠(yuǎn)離城市的過(guò)程,隨之而來(lái)的是難以通過(guò)的人行通道,被環(huán)形道路切斷的重要場(chǎng)所以及對(duì)女人有特大威脅的多層停車場(chǎng)。

結(jié)果,人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)所找到自我保護(hù)的手段;他們盡量少說(shuō)話或與人碰撞,挑選座位以表明他們不想與人交流,減少目光的接觸,他們懷疑某件事可能緊接著發(fā)生時(shí),便溜之大吉。

正是這類不禮貌的言行使人們?cè)诔鞘懈械娇謶?而內(nèi)政部的官員往往將不禮貌的言行視為缺乏理性的恐懼。例如,不能因?yàn)榕嗽獾揭u擊的幾率低于年輕男子便對(duì)女人的地鐵恐懼癥等閑視之。

14.單選題

Themanagingdirectortookthe（

）fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.guilt

B.charge

C.blame

D.accusation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。guilt意為“有罪，犯罪行為”；charge意為“收費(fèi)，指控”；blame意為“(壞事或錯(cuò)事的)責(zé)任，責(zé)備”，taketheblamefor意為“承擔(dān)……的責(zé)任”；accusation意為“指責(zé)，譴責(zé)”。

句意：總經(jīng)理承擔(dān)了事故的責(zé)任，盡管并不真的是他的錯(cuò)。

15.翻譯題

Asholidaysgo,Thanksgivingisinsomewaysthemostphilosophical.Todaywetrynottotakeforgrantedthethingswealmostalwaystakeforgranted.Wetry,ifonlyinthatbriefpausebeforetheeatingbegins,toseethroughthewell-wornpatternsofourlivestowhatliesbehindthem.Inotherwords,wetrytounderstandhowveryrichweare,whetherwefeelveryrichornot.TodayisoneofthefewtimesmostAmericansconsciouslysetdesireaside,ifonlybecausedesireisincompatiblewiththegratitude—nottomentiontheabundance—thatThanksgivingsummons.

ItistemptingtothinkthatoneThanksgivingisprettymuchlikeanother,exceptfordifferencesintheguestlistandtherecipes.Butitisn’ttrue.Thisisalwaysafeastaboutwherewearenow.Thanksgivingreflectsthecomplexionoftheyearwe’rein.Someyearsitfeelsbuoyant,almostjubilantinnature.OtheryearsitseemsmarkedbyaconspicuoushumilityuncommoninthecalendarofAmericanemotions.

Andthisyear?WewillprobablyrememberthisThanksgivingasabanquetofmixedemotions.Thisis,afterall,aprofoundlyAmericanholiday.Theundertowofbusinessasusualseemsespeciallystrongthisyear.Theshadowofawarandmisgivingsoverthefutureloomsinthemindsofmanyofus.MostyearsweenjoytheprivacyofThanksgiving,butthisyeartheholidayfeelslikeareminderforourselvesofwhatitmeanstobeAmerican.

Thatmeansgivingthanksforsomefundamentalprinciplesthatshouldbehonoredeverydayoftheyearinthelifeofthisnation—principlesofgenerosity,toleranceandinclusion.Thisisfeastthatnooneshouldbeturnedawayfrom.Thewelcomewefeelmakessenseonlyifwealsoextendittoothers.

【答案】【參考譯文】在眾多的假日中，感恩節(jié)可以說(shuō)是最令人深思的節(jié)日。今天我們會(huì)把平時(shí)習(xí)以為常的東面看得很珍貴。我們?cè)囍?，哪怕只是在吃飯前的片刻，去看透那一成不變的生活，悟出背后的道理。換句話說(shuō)，無(wú)論我們覺得自己是貧是富，我們總是盡力把自己看得十分富有。今天是大多數(shù)美國(guó)人有意識(shí)地把欲望放在一邊的為數(shù)不多的時(shí)刻之一，這至少是因?yàn)榻裉煳覀冇幸活w感恩的心，更不用說(shuō)還有一桌豐盛的菜肴，欲望此時(shí)光臨便顯得格格不入。

人們不禁會(huì)覺得，除了賓客不同，菜式翻新，感恩節(jié)還是年年依舊。其實(shí)不然，感恩節(jié)這一餐總是關(guān)乎到我們的處境，反映出一年的年景。有些年的感恩節(jié)我們心情愉悅，幾乎是喜氣洋洋，但有些年頭我們卻把感恩節(jié)過(guò)得相當(dāng)?shù)驼{(diào)，不敢驕傲，這并不是美國(guó)人慣有的情緒。

那么今年呢？日后若想起今年這個(gè)感恩節(jié)，我們也許會(huì)記得，這一餐吃得五味雜陳，這畢竟是一個(gè)深具美國(guó)特色的節(jié)慶之日。但一切如舊的現(xiàn)狀對(duì)美國(guó)人造成的影響在今年似乎特別大，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的陰影，對(duì)未來(lái)的擔(dān)憂，一直盤踞在我們?cè)S多人的腦海中。感恩節(jié)我們一般與至親好友在一起，感受那種其樂(lè)融融的氣氛，可是今年，我們似乎要借感恩節(jié)與國(guó)人一起重溫身為美國(guó)人的意義。

這就意味著，我們要為能有一些基本的原則而感恩，一些這個(gè)國(guó)家的生活中每日應(yīng)該尊崇的原則，也就是慷慨、容忍、包容的原則。所以這一餐應(yīng)該是來(lái)者不拒。我們感受的節(jié)日溫馨，只有與他人分享才有意義。

16.單選題

The（

）ofthelakeiscoveredwithreedsandrushes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beach

B.shore

C.coast

D.bank

【答案】B

【解析】句意:湖岸上覆蓋著蘆葦與雜草。

考查近義詞辨析。Beach海岸(主要指接近海水較為平坦的地方，其上往往覆蓋有沙子或碎石);shore水與陸地交界的“岸”（如：海岸、湖岸、河岸等）;coast海岸,海岸線（通常只能指“海岸”，不指湖岸或河岸）;bank大多指江河之岸,特別是高處水平以上的岸或堤岸。根據(jù)題干中的reedsandrushes(蘆葦和雜草)可知B項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Recentfindingsindicatethatbirdscanalsousethemagneticfieldoftheearthasanaidto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criterion

B.orientation

C.standard

D.guideline

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)criterion“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；規(guī)范；準(zhǔn)則”；B選項(xiàng)orientation“定位；適應(yīng)；向東方”；C選項(xiàng)standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；度量衡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”；D選項(xiàng)guideline“指導(dǎo)方針”。句意：最近的調(diào)查結(jié)果表明，鳥類也能使用地球磁場(chǎng)作為定位的輔助手段。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

（）beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Weretheyarriving

C.Wouldtheyarrive

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句謂語(yǔ)是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或與將