考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

andwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture______.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transfonnedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.（男人在外面工作，掙的錢養(yǎng)家，而女人做飯，照顧家里和孩子。這些角色對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說是固定不變的，婦女沒有機(jī)會(huì)交換她們的角色）可知過去男女的分工明確，角色相對(duì)固定，因此選D。

2.主旨大意題。文章第二段主要講述了反主流文化對(duì)男女分工角色的影響，再根據(jù)第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.（但是到了本世紀(jì)中葉，男性和女性的角色越來越不固定）可知C選項(xiàng)最符合題意。

A選項(xiàng)“在20世紀(jì)50年代，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的成功是典型的美國(guó)人的目標(biāo)”；B選項(xiàng)“但是在20世紀(jì)60年代，一支新的力量被稱為反文化。參與這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的人并不重視美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的目標(biāo)；C選項(xiàng)“反主流文化為男性和女性提供了新的角色選擇”；D選項(xiàng)“一些年輕男性拒絕應(yīng)征當(dāng)兵參加越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety（但它的影響卻蔓延到美國(guó)社會(huì)的許多方面）可推測(cè)反主流文化改變了美國(guó)的一些價(jià)值觀，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.（由于對(duì)育兒更感興趣，男人們開始和妻子分擔(dān)撫養(yǎng)孩子的任務(wù)。事實(shí)上，一些年輕男女搬進(jìn)了公共住宅或農(nóng)場(chǎng)，在那兒雙方共同承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)和撫養(yǎng)孩子的責(zé)任）可推測(cè)C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)男人都很樂意和妻子分擔(dān)一些家務(wù)”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了過去社會(huì)男女分工明確，角色固定；第二三段講述了反主流文化以及它的影響；第四段講述了女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)給美國(guó)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的變化；最后一段簡(jiǎn)單概括男女地位的變化與轉(zhuǎn)變中的困難。因此B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)生活的新影響”符合題意。

2.單選題

Toolmakersmusthavetheabilitytoworkvery（

）inordertomeetexactspecifications.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plausibly

B.profoundly

C.precisely

D.primarily

【答案】C

【解析】plausibly似真地；profoundly深刻地，極度地；precisely精確地，恰好；primarily主要地，根本上。句意：工具制造者必須能非常精確地工作，以滿足準(zhǔn)確的規(guī)格要求。根據(jù)下文可知，選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

Thereceptionwasattendedby（）membersofthelocalcommunity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excellent

B.conspicuous

C.prominent

D.noticeable

【答案】C

【解析】C選項(xiàng)prominent意為“突出的；著名的”。句意：參加這次招待會(huì)的是當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的（）人士。A選項(xiàng)excellent極好的；B選項(xiàng)conspicuous顯而易見的；C選項(xiàng)prominent突出的；著名的；D選項(xiàng)noticeable引人注目的，C選項(xiàng)prominent符合句意。

4.單選題

Inthisageofglobalization,weneedtoabandonourhistoricalideaof（

）asasinglereligiousornationalalliance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identity

B.registration

C.dignity

D.qualification

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞辨析。identity身份；registration登記，注冊(cè)；dignity尊嚴(yán)；qualification資格。句意：在全球化時(shí)代下，我們需要擯棄視身份為單一的宗教或民族認(rèn)同的歷史觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.問答題

Thepatientneededaspinaltap,andaseniorattendingphysicianaskedamedicalresidentwhetherapreparatorybloodtesthadbeenchecked.Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.

(1)Well,almostcertain.

Doctorsintrainingsometimesconfrontsituationsinwhichtheyworrythattheirsupervisingphysiciansaremakingmistakesorbendingthetruth.(2)Yeteventhoughsuchactscanjeopardizepatients,theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupishamperedbythehierarchiesinteachinghospitals.

Onthetopweretheseniorphysicianswhomaderoundsonthewardsonceortwicedaily.Nextweretheoverworkedresidents,whoessentiallylivedinthehospitalwhiletraining.(3)Lastwerethemedicalstudentswhoweremostassuredlyatthebottomoftheheap.

Thestudentwhoseresidentseeminglyliedtotheattendingphysicianaboutthebloodtestdidnotspeakup.Theresidentwasagooddoctor,shesaid,andsoshehadgivenhimthebenefitofthedoubt.And,sheadded,boththeresidentandtheattendingphysicianwouldbegradingher.

Whatshouldamedicalstudentdoinsuchasituation?Onepossibilityistotakethematterupwithamoreseniordoctor.Orthestudentmightgodirectlytothepatientorfamily,tellingthemthatthephysicianshaveagenuinedisagreementandthattheydeservetoknowaboutit.

Theseoptionsseemlogicalonpaper.AstheethicistJamesDwyerhaswritteninTheHastingsCenterReport,“Thepracticeofalwayskeepingquietisafailureofcaring.”(4)Butintherealworld,itmaybeextremelydifficulttogoupthechainofcommand.

Fortunately,medicaleducatorsareincreasinglyrecognizingthedilemmasthatdoctorsintrainingconfrontwhentheywitnessbehaviorthatmakesthemuncomfortable.(5)Studentsandresidentsarenowexpectedtoprovideroutinefeedback—positiveandnegative—abouttheirsupervisingphysiciansatthecloseoftheirrotation.

Ofcourse,physiciansandstudentsneedtobeeducatedabouthowtogivefeedbackinprofessionalandnon-confrontationalways.Medicaleducatorsareonlynowbeginningtoteachthisskill.Still,itwillbehardtochangetheunfortunateperceptionthatconstructivefeedback,evenforapatient’sbenefit,iswhistle-blowing.

【答案】答：

1.Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor.

2.Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians.

3.Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly.

4.Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand.

5.Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation.

【解析】1.原文句意是：嗯，幾乎可以肯定。原文這一句是對(duì)上文的肯定，上文提到Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.（學(xué)醫(yī)的學(xué)生聽到他的回答很吃驚，因?yàn)樗芸隙]有經(jīng)過檢查），所以改寫的時(shí)候需要結(jié)合上文的內(nèi)容來進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充，故改寫為Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor（幾乎可以肯定的是，醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生聽到他的導(dǎo)師這樣的回答感到很震驚）。

2.原文句意是：然而，即使這樣的行為可能危及病人，但教學(xué)醫(yī)院的等級(jí)制度阻礙了年輕醫(yī)生發(fā)言的傾向和能力。前半句是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，并且actscanjeopardizepatients指的是作為指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生，他們的錯(cuò)誤行為危害到病人的健康，所以可以改寫為despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians（盡管指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯(cuò)誤）；后半句中的hamper可以用stop來替代，所以句子改寫為Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians（醫(yī)院的等級(jí)制度阻止了年輕醫(yī)生說話的傾向和能力，盡管指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯(cuò)誤）。

3.原文句意是：最后，處于等級(jí)最下層的肯定是這些醫(yī)學(xué)生。atthebottomoftheheap（在底層）指的是等級(jí)制度的底層，所以可以改寫為atthebottomofhierarchy；另外who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是修飾強(qiáng)調(diào)的，所以句式可以精簡(jiǎn)，故這個(gè)句子可改寫為Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly（在等級(jí)制度的最底層肯定是那些醫(yī)科學(xué)生）。

4.原文句意是：但在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，要爬上指揮鏈可能極其困難。根據(jù)文章語(yǔ)境，inrealworld（在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中）指的就是在醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，而thechainofcommand（指揮鏈）的對(duì)象指的則是位于底層的醫(yī)學(xué)生；故該句子可以改寫為Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand（但在現(xiàn)實(shí)的醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，醫(yī)學(xué)生想要得到指揮權(quán)是相當(dāng)困難的）。

5.原文句意是：學(xué)生和住院醫(yī)師現(xiàn)在被要求在輪班結(jié)束時(shí)對(duì)他們的指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生提供常規(guī)的正面和負(fù)面反饋。routine（常規(guī)的）可以改為regular（定期的，普通的）；positiveandnegative在原文中是作為插入語(yǔ)使用，所以可以改為positivelyandnegatively；故該句可改寫為Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation（醫(yī)學(xué)生和住院醫(yī)師應(yīng)該在輪崗結(jié)束時(shí)，定期對(duì)他們的指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生做出正面和負(fù)面反饋）。

6.單選題

ArecurringcriticismoftheUK’suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnewknowledgeintonewproductsandservices.

Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinsterncellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeysinthenationalinnovationsystem.

However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.

Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK’spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldate,askstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.

ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandmirroredacrossothereconomic.IntheUK,researchisconcentrate;lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhDgraduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenseincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhavealsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercializationworkcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.

Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocialeconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestmenttheyshouldsharetheirexpertiseinordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.

PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgenerationofresearchcommercializationspillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheUKwhichareactivelyengagedinadvancedresearchtrainingandcommercializationwork.

Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.

1.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialization?

2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities’performanceincommercialization?

3.WecaninferfromParagraph5that“policyinterventions”refersto（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?

5.HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK’seconomicgrowth?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.

B.Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.

C.Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.

D.Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.

B.ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.

C.Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.

D.Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversities

B.compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustries

C.fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutions

D.concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Publicizetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.

B.Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.

C.Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.

D.Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.

B.Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch

C.Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.

D.Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“…fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.”，可知英國(guó)從一個(gè)相對(duì)較弱的起點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在在許多商業(yè)化活動(dòng)的指標(biāo)上處于領(lǐng)先地位?？膳袛喑鲈谧髡呖磥碛?guó)大學(xué)的商業(yè)化在世界上仍然在世界上有一席之地，處于領(lǐng)先地位。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“EvidencesuggeststheUK’spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldate,askstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.”，可知有證據(jù)表明，英國(guó)大學(xué)的地位比過去要穩(wěn)定得多，而且仍在改善。但全國(guó)數(shù)據(jù)并沒有反映出各所大學(xué)存在的巨大差異。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句，“thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.”，可知過去10年的政策干預(yù)改變了英國(guó)大學(xué)，然后在下文提及了各個(gè)大學(xué)存在巨大的差異。第五段主要對(duì)這種分配不平均的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步闡述，這種現(xiàn)象不僅發(fā)生在英國(guó)，，也存在于其他國(guó)家。又根據(jù)文章第五段，“Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhavealsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.”，可知政策主導(dǎo)的長(zhǎng)期資源集中化也造就了一批獨(dú)特的大學(xué)，它們以研究為主導(dǎo)，并且商業(yè)化。可判斷出policyinterventions就是指資源集中的政策。因此現(xiàn)象D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocialeconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.”，可知以研究為主導(dǎo)的大學(xué)的核心目標(biāo)必須是最大限度地發(fā)揮其研究的影響。這些大學(xué)應(yīng)該為社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境各方面帶來效益。可判斷出這些研究型大學(xué)應(yīng)該充分利用他們的研究成果造福于社會(huì)。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.”，可知如果各區(qū)域內(nèi)的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移部門更有效的協(xié)調(diào)，同時(shí)加大研究生規(guī)模和功能的投資，大學(xué)應(yīng)該能在英國(guó)下一輪經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為英國(guó)的大學(xué)可以通過促進(jìn)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移和投資研究生院教育在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中發(fā)揮作用。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Everyyear,onestudentinourhighschoolwinsscholarshipthat（

）oneyearofcollege.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improves

B.subsidizes

C.obliges

D.inflicts

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。improve意為“提高”；subsidize意為“資助，津貼，行賄”；oblige意為“強(qiáng)制，強(qiáng)迫”；inflict意為“造成，遭受”。

句意：每年，我們學(xué)校都會(huì)有一名學(xué)生獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金作為大學(xué)的津貼。

8.單選題

Thepalmtreelookedasifit（

）foralongtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasn’twatered

B.didn’twater

C.hadn’tbeenwatered

D.wasn’twatered

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Asif引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，因此虛擬語(yǔ)氣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

You’refillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed;let’sassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcollegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree.Isn’tittemptingtoliejustalittle,toclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegree?OrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversity?

Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareers,forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanyway,butheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity.Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutperweek.

Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationforms.Ifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislying,mostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthem“imposters”；anotherreferstothemas“specialcases”.Onewell-knownWestCoastschool,inperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofall,saysthattheseclaimsaremadeby“nosuchpeople”.

Toavoidoutrightlies,somejob-seekersclaimthatthey“wereassociatedwith”acollegeoruniversity.Aftercarefullychecking,aspersonnelofficermaydiscoverthat“attending”meansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethat“beingassociatedwith”acollegemeansthatthejobseekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury--that’swhentheybegankeepingrecords,anyhow.

Ifyoudon’twanttolieorevenstretchthetruth,therearecompaniesthatwillsellyouaphonydiploma.Onecompany,withofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoast,willputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.Thepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafrom“SmootUniversity”.Thepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromthe“UniversityofPurdue”.AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaiscalledPurdueUniversity,thepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,“specialcases”(Para.3)referstocaseswhere（

）.

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.Thispassageimpliesthat

（

）.

5.Theword“utter”(Para.2)probablymeans（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.employersarecheckingmorecloselyonapplicantsnow

B.lyingaboutcollegedegreeshasbecomeawidespreadproblem

C.Collegedegreescannowbepurchasedeasily

D.employersarenolongerinterestedincollegedegrees

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.studentsattendaschoolonlypart-time

B.studentsneverattendedaschooltheylistedontheirapplication

C.studentspurchasefalsedegreesfromcommercialfirms

D.studentsattendedafamousschool

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.performanceisabetterjudgeofabilitythanacollegedegree

B.experienceisthebestteacher

C.pastworkhistoriesinfluencepersonnelofficersmorethandegreesdo

D.adegreefromafamousschoolenablesanapplicanttogainadvantageoverothersinjobcompetition

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.buyingafalsedegreeisnotmoral

B.personnelofficersonlyconsiderapplicantsfromfamousschools

C.mostpeoplelieonapplicationsbecausetheyweredismissedfromschool

D.societyshouldbegreatlyresponsibleforlyingonapplications

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.address

B.thorough

C.ultimate

D.decisive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章的主旨是什么？”文章主要講述了越來越多的人在求職時(shí)對(duì)他們的學(xué)歷撒謊，以及形成這種現(xiàn)象的原因。選項(xiàng)B“在學(xué)歷方面撒謊已經(jīng)成了普遍的問題”符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知，第三段提到的‘特殊情況’指的是什么？”文章第三段提到人事專員會(huì)驗(yàn)證求職者列出來的學(xué)歷，當(dāng)被證實(shí)求職者在撒謊時(shí)，大部分學(xué)校不會(huì)直接譴責(zé)那個(gè)撒謊的求職者，比如，有所常春藤學(xué)校稱其為“騙子”（imposters），另一所學(xué)校稱其為“特殊情況”(specialcases)，說明這些求職者并不是這些學(xué)校的學(xué)生，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章我們能了解到什么？”文章第二段提到“人事專員跟大多數(shù)美國(guó)人一樣注重名校的學(xué)歷。求職者雖然受到了良好的教育，但是他們認(rèn)為如果畢業(yè)于名校，被錄取的機(jī)會(huì)更高（forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanyway,butheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity）”，因此選項(xiàng)D“名校的學(xué)歷能讓求職者在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中有優(yōu)勢(shì)”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“這篇文章暗示了什么？”文章第二段提到越來越多的人在找工作的時(shí)候撒謊，因?yàn)橄翊蟛糠置绹?guó)人一樣，人事專員非常看重名校學(xué)歷（Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareers,forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools），即這么多人選擇撒謊，是因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)看重名校學(xué)歷。因此，選項(xiàng)D“社會(huì)應(yīng)該對(duì)求職者撒謊負(fù)很大責(zé)任”符合題意。

第5題:詞義題。題目問的是“第二段中的‘utter’一詞是什么意思？”文章第二段中“utter”后面的“this”指上文提到的“聲稱自己的畢業(yè)證書代表著哈佛大學(xué)的學(xué)位”（claimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegree），由此可知utter是“說”的意思。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Hebelievesthatit’swrongthatsomepeopleshouldenjoywealth,privilege,influenceandpowersolely（）anaccidentofbirth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthegroundof

B.forthesakeof

C.inviewof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。onthegroundof“以……為理由，因?yàn)椤保籪orthesakeof“為了……的利益”；inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”；byvirtueof“由于，憑借”。句意：他認(rèn)為有些人一出生就可以享受財(cái)富、特權(quán)和權(quán)勢(shì)的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Lifeisinterestingtopeoplewho（

）themselvestonewideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.present

B.exhibit

C.expose

D.explain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:對(duì)于讓自己接觸新觀點(diǎn)的人而言，生活是有意思的。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Present把…交給,頒發(fā),授予,提出,提交;exhibit展覽,陳列,展示;expose使面臨,使暴露,使曝光,常與to連用表示“使接觸……，使受到……的影響”;explain說明,解釋。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞newideas(新觀點(diǎn))可知C符合句意。

12.翻譯題

Theeducatedmanispresumedtoknowwhatiswrongintheworld,andwhatshouldbedonetorectifyit.Ifhiseducationhasamountedtoanything,itshouldhaveincreasedhisabilitytothinkclearlyandscientifically,andthustoknowhowtogetatthecauseandeffectofpolitical,social,economicindustrialevils.Nomanhasrighttoconsidereducationasmerelyapersonalbenefitenablinghimtobemoreprosperousandhappyintheworld.Hemustlookuponitasimposinguponhimaresponsibilitytoincreasethewelfareofothers.Toomanyregarditastheirownpossession,anddonotrealizethatitissomethingtobesharedwithothers,andtobeusedforgoodofsocietyatlarge.

【答案】受過教育的人被認(rèn)定能辨別是非,并能正確改正。如果他受的教育已經(jīng)達(dá)到了一定程度,便能提高其進(jìn)行清晰和科學(xué)思維的能力,從而了解政治、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)工業(yè)犯罪所產(chǎn)生的原因和所造成的影響。沒有任何人有資格只把教師當(dāng)作自己的個(gè)人利益,利用教育使自己在這世界上變得更加富有和幸福。他必須把它看作為強(qiáng)加于他身上的以増加他人福利的職責(zé)。太多人把教育作為自己獨(dú)有的財(cái)富,從未認(rèn)識(shí)到應(yīng)該與他人一起分享,將其最大限度地用在社會(huì)公益事業(yè)上。

13.單選題

（）andhardworkarethecornerstonesofthiscompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mutilation

B.Innovation

C.Empire

D.Strength

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)義題。句中and連接空格跟hardwork,因此B項(xiàng)innovation(創(chuàng)新，革新)正確。

14.填空題

Anewgraduatestudent（1）ourresearchgroupyesterday.（2）enough,hehasthesamename（3）ourprofessor.（4）ofthemare

namedMichaelWilson.ProfessorWilsonisonly39,andwe’realwayscalledhim“Mike”.To（5）confusion,we’vedecidedtocallthenewmemberofourresearchgroup“Michael”，（6）thoughitdo