考研考博-英語-揚(yáng)州大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-揚(yáng)州大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.

Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.

TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandthelanguagemightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.

Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeahighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesvowel-likesounds,attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands,ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourheknowshislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.

Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacityofspeaking.Whatisspecialaboutman'sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern"toy-bear".Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain'sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.

Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild'sbabbling,graspingandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdulltheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild'snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.

1.WhatisthepurposeofthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcentury?

2.Todaysomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingbecause（）.

3.Ifachildstartstospeaklaterthanothernormalchildren,hewill（）inthefuture.

4.Comparedwiththebrainofthemonkey,human'sbrainisacomplexsystemwhichenablesachild（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toprovethatababycouldn'tlivewithouthismother.

B.Todiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeech.

C.Tofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeak.

D.Toprovethatachildwouldbedamagedwithoutlearningalanguage.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareincapableoflearninglanguagerapidly.

B.theyarefacedwithsomuchlanguageatonce.

C.theirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemptstospeak.

D.theirbrainisnotprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.haveahighIQ

B.beinsensitivetoverbalsignals

C.belessintelligent

D.notnecessarilybebackward

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tobebornwiththecapacityofsinging.

B.tosecthingsmoreclearlythananimals

C.toconnectthesightandthefeelwiththesoundword

D.torunfasterthananimals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thefacultyofspeechisinborninman.

B.Motherplaysanimportantroleinchild'slearninglanguage.

C.Insensitivityofthemothertotheinfants'signalswillcausethemtolearnnothingaboutlanguage.,

D.Thechild'sbrainishighlyselective

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue...”為了弄清一個(gè)孩子如果聽不見母語會(huì)說什么語言。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三段的第三句“Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,...”最常見的原因是母親對(duì)嬰兒的信號(hào)不敏感...。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeahighIQ.”在某些情況下，語言開始較晚的孩子最終被證明是高智商的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第五段的第二句“whichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern"toy-bear".”它能讓孩子把玩具熊的視覺和感覺與“玩具熊”的聲音模式聯(lián)系起來。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Sensitivitytothechild'snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.”母親對(duì)兒童非語言信號(hào)的敏感對(duì)兒童的成長(zhǎng)及其語言的發(fā)展起著至關(guān)重要的作用。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.單選題

Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit,youoftengetvery______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.waxy

B.slippery

C.sticky

D.greasy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)waxy“蠟制的；像蠟的，質(zhì)地光滑的，柔軟的；蠟色的，蒼白的；（非正式）生氣的”；B選項(xiàng)slippery“滑的；狡猾的；不穩(wěn)定的”；C選項(xiàng)sticky“黏的；黏性的”；D選項(xiàng)greasy“油膩的；含脂肪多的；諂媚的”。句意：如果你在車底下修理汽車，你通常會(huì)弄得滿身油污。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.

Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,thecourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect”，acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.

Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.

NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath”.

GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasgooddoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“It’slikesurgery,hesays.“Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide.”

Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodemmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.

JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.

Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospitals,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.

Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“Alargenumberofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering”，totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse”.Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclearthatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension”.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethat（

）

2.GeorgeAnnasmayagreethat（

）.

3.AccordingtotheNAS’sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis（

）.

4.What’sthepossiblemeaningof“aggressive”(Line3,Para.7)?

5.AccordingtoGeorgeAnnas，whichofthefollowingmedicalbehaviorsshouldbepunished?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.doctorsneverincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’pain

B.itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives

C.theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide

D.patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.adoctor’smedicationshouldn’tbejustifiedbyhisintentions

B.doctorscannotgivepatientslargedosagesofmedicationonanyaccount

C.high-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed

D.doctorsshouldbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’death

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.prolongedmedicalprocedures

B.inadequatetreatmentofpain

C.systematicdrugabuse

D.insufficienthospitalcare

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bold.

B.Harmful.

C.Positive.

D.Energetic.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Treatingpatientimpatiently.

B.Givingpatientsmoremedicinethanneeded.

C.Reducingdrugdosagesforpatients.

D.Prolongingtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段和第二段的第一句話提到最高法院關(guān)于醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺的裁決有重要的意義，最高法院支持流傳了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的道德準(zhǔn)則，這說明最高法院認(rèn)為醫(yī)生沒有協(xié)助病人自殺的權(quán)利，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章在第五段和最后一段提到了GeorgeAnnas。在第五段中，他認(rèn)為只要醫(yī)生開藥是出于合理的醫(yī)療目的，即使這些藥會(huì)加速病人的死亡，醫(yī)生也沒有違法。最后一段最后一句他提出如果病人痛苦死去是醫(yī)生護(hù)理不好的表現(xiàn)，從兩段可以看出，他支持醫(yī)生大劑量用藥，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第七段第二句話提及臨終護(hù)理存在的問題，一個(gè)是theundertreatmentofpain(沒有對(duì)病人的疼痛采取有效的措施)，一個(gè)是ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying（強(qiáng)行使用無效的治療方法來延長(zhǎng)病人的生命，使其失去最后的尊嚴(yán)）。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單詞出現(xiàn)的句子是：Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.句意：對(duì)病人疼痛處理不力和_____無效的治療方法來延長(zhǎng)病人的生命，使其失去最后的尊嚴(yán)。由這句話中的ineffectual，forced,dishonor這些詞推出這樣的治療是沒有效果的，是不積極的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。harmful與use搭配不符合語意。

5.文章最后一段GeorgeAnnas否定了大量醫(yī)生無視病人的痛苦，用藥延長(zhǎng)病人痛苦這些做法。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Microsoftreignedforyearsasthewealthiesttechnologycompanyprimarily（）itsownershipandcultivationofWindows—theuniversalplatformforapplicationsonthePC.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.byforceof

B.byrightof

C.bydintof

D.withtheassistanceof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)byforceof“用…的手段”；B選項(xiàng)byrightof“憑借，由于”，多指憑借權(quán)利；C選項(xiàng)bydintof“用，憑借”，多指憑借某一事物；D選項(xiàng)withtheassistanceof“在…的援助下”。句意：微軟多年來一直是世界上最富有的科技公司，這主要是憑借其對(duì)Windows的所有權(quán)和發(fā)展。Windows是個(gè)人電腦應(yīng)用程序的通用平臺(tái)。這里憑借的是Windows這一事物而不是權(quán)利，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.單選題

Thethiefranintothecrowdand（

）fromthesight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.escaped

B.periled

C.melted

D.vanished

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)escape“逃脫，避免”；B選項(xiàng)peril“危及，置...于險(xiǎn)境”；C選項(xiàng)melt“融化”；D選項(xiàng)vanish“消失，突然不見”。句意：小偷跑進(jìn)人群中，然后從視線中消失不見了。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

（）Irealizedtheconsequences,Iwouldneverhavecontemplatedgettinginvolved.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Evenif

B.Had

C.Aslongas

D.If

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識(shí)。evenif“即使”；had在這里是表示動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的助詞；aslongas“只要”；if“（表示條件）如果”。句意：如果我意識(shí)到了后果，我絕對(duì)不會(huì)讓自己卷進(jìn)來。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

中國(guó)式問候

吃飯時(shí)間，“你吃了嗎？”是中國(guó)人最常用的問候語。不理解這種風(fēng)俗的外國(guó)人會(huì)認(rèn)為這是在邀請(qǐng)一起吃飯。但是，這僅僅是簡(jiǎn)單的問候，不是真的在發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)，所以可以回答“吃了，我吃過了?！被蛘哒f“沒有，我還沒吃?！背恕澳愠粤藛?”，中文中還有其他打招呼的方式，比如說“去哪兒？”、“忙嗎？”、“干什么呢？”、“去上班？”等等。我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)人問候的時(shí)候喜歡問別人在做什么，做了什么，要做什么。

【答案】Chinesegreeting

“Haveyoueaten?”isacommongreetingamongChinesewhenitisthetimeforameal.Foreignerswhodonotunderstandthiskindofcustommightregardthisasaninvitationtohaveamealtogether.However,thisisjustasimplegreeting,notarealinvitation,socanreplywith“Yes,Ihaveeaten.”or“No,notyet.”Inadditionto“Haveyoueaten?”,therearemanyotherexpressionsforsayinghelloinChinese,like“Whereareyougoing?”,“Areyoubusy?”,“Whatareyoudoing?”,“Areyougoingtowork?”,etc.WecanfindthatwhenChinesepeoplegreeteachother,theyliketoaskaboutthethingsothersaredoing,justdidoraregoingtodo.

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches.Anditismostdifficulttodispensewiththisfirstreaction.Thereasonsarethatthenations,includingsomeofthesmallerones,arealreadydownstreamtoofar.ThelargerstoresofweaponsforCBwarfaremayberestrictedtothemajorpowers,butthereislittledoubtthatanincreasingcapabilityisproliferatingtosomeofthesmalleranddevelopingcountries.Whatusedtobelargelyapictureofresearchhasturnedtodevelopment,anddevelopmenthasturnedtomanufacturingandstockpiling.Thesubjectisshroudedinsecrecyanditisthesecrecywhichseemstoprovideanonstopmomentumtorealizethefullpotentialofthesetypesofweapons.Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation.ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s“l(fā)argeandexpensiveprograms”.Knowledgeandcapabilityrequiredfordetectionanddefensearetiedtoknowledgeandcapabilityforretaliation.The“nofirstuse”policyoftheUnitedStatesandothermajornationsimpliesthatthisretaliationbeinkind,andthisrequiresthatweaponsoftheCBclassbeavailable.

Aphilosophyofmutualdeterrence(制約)isdevelopinginCBwarfarecomparabletothatinnuclearwarfare.Infact,muchoftheliteratureonthesubjectrepeatsthatthestalemateinthelatteropensuptheneedforcapabilityintheformer.Asanarmsrace,CBWdoesnotpresentthespiralingcostsoftheICBM-ABMsystems,henceamovementtoCBweapons(especiallychemical)amongsomesmallernations.Sofarasthemajorpowersareconcerned,theelementsinCBWwhichareincommonwiththenucleararmsraceincludethenow-acceptedapproachtothatrace.ThusindiscussingcontrolofCBwarfare,aneditorialintheBritishjournal,Nature,concluded:“Thebalanceofterrorbetweenthegreatpowerblocsmaynotbetoeverybody’staste,butitisprobablystillthebestwayofavoidingWar.”

1.Itcanbeinferredthatthecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalwarfare（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenasacauseforthecontinueddevelopmentofCBweapons?

3.ThewriterintheBritishjournalmightfeelthattheresearchanddevelopmentofCBsystemsshouldbe（）.

4.ThejustificationfortheUnitedStates’participationinCBwarfareprogramsismainlyduetothe（）.

5.Themainpurposeofthisarticleisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.islesscostlythancontrollingothersystemsofwarfare

B.maynotbepossibleornecessarilydesirable

C.isinthehandsoftheUnitedStatesandRussia

D.shouldbecomeamatterofprimeimportance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thehostilitiesbetweenthenationsinvolved.

B.TheneedtobeabletodetectaCBattack.

C.OtherweaponsprogramsaremorecostlythanthedevelopmentofaCBsystem.

D.Thecountriesinvolvedareunawareofwhattheothersaredoing.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.encouragedandexpanded

B.conductedonlybythemajorpowers

C.immediatelyhalted

D.maintainedasitisnow

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.needforundetectableweaponry

B.costlinessofthenuclearprograms

C.Russia’shavingsuchaprogram

D.abilityofmodernresearchtodevelopthem

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.showtheindifferenceinstoppingCBwarfareprograms

B.explainthecostofCBwarfare

C.discussalternativestoCBwarfare

D.makethereaderawareofthedangersofCBwarfare

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由thecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalwarfare定位到文章第一段“Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches…”，即人們對(duì)控制化學(xué)和生物武器的可行辦法問題的第一反應(yīng)是覺得根本沒有這種辦法，并且研究生化武器的能力正擴(kuò)散到一些較小和發(fā)展中的國(guó)家。這說明控制生化武器也許是不可能的，或者說不能令人滿意。A選項(xiàng)“islesscostlythancontrollingothersystemsofwarfare”意為“比控制其他戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)系統(tǒng)成本更低”，原文雖將生化武器和洲際導(dǎo)彈的成本進(jìn)行對(duì)比，但這不是控制生化武器的原因，反而是一些小國(guó)開始使用生化武器的原因；B選項(xiàng)“maynotbepossibleornecessarilydesirable”意為“也許不可能或不一定是令人滿意的”，與原文相符；C選項(xiàng)“isinthehandsoftheUnitedStatesandRussia”意為“都掌握在美國(guó)和俄羅斯手中”，與原文不符，研究生化武器的能力也逐漸被一些小國(guó)掌握；D選項(xiàng)“shouldbecomeamatterofprimeimportance”意為“應(yīng)該成為頭等大事”原文沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需逐個(gè)分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“Thehostilitiesbetweenthenationsinvolved”，意為“國(guó)家之間的敵對(duì)狀態(tài)”，原文“ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s‘largeandexpensiveprograms’”美俄兩國(guó)將開發(fā)生化武器歸結(jié)于對(duì)方也有這些生化武器，即出于敵對(duì)目的；B選項(xiàng)“TheneedtobeabletodetectaCBattack”意為“探測(cè)到生化武器攻擊的需要”，原文并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“OtherweaponsprogramsaremorecostlythanthedevelopmentofaCBsystem”意為“其他武器項(xiàng)目比生化武器系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)成本更高”，原文“Asanarmsrace,CBWdoesnotpresentthespiralingcostsoftheICBM-ABMsystems”生化武器的成本不如洲際導(dǎo)彈的成本高，所以國(guó)家會(huì)選擇研究生化武器；D選項(xiàng)“Thecountriesinvolvedareunawareofwhattheothersaredoing”意為“所涉及的國(guó)家不知道其他國(guó)家在做什么”，原文“Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation”沒有人真正知道別人在軍事形勢(shì)下準(zhǔn)備好了什么，所以自己也要研究生化武器來確保安全。由此可推測(cè)出，正是由于各國(guó)秘密研究生化武器，為別國(guó)研究生化武器提供了動(dòng)力。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由theBritishjournal定位到文章第二段最后一句“aneditorialintheBritishjournal,Nature,concluded:‘Thebalanceofterrorbetweenthegreatpowerblocs…’”，社論總結(jié)到“大國(guó)集團(tuán)之間的恐怖平衡可能不符合每個(gè)人的口味，但它可能仍然是避免戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最佳方式”。由此可知，生化武器系統(tǒng)基本被主要的大國(guó)勢(shì)力控制了。A選項(xiàng)“encouragedandexpanded”意為“鼓勵(lì)和擴(kuò)大”，社論并沒有鼓舞生化武器的擴(kuò)大；B選項(xiàng)“conductedonlybythemajorpowers”意為“僅由主要大國(guó)控制”，符合原文；C選項(xiàng)“immediatelyhalted”意為“立即停止”，原文沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“maintainedasitisnow”意為“維持現(xiàn)狀”，原文“maynotbetoeverybody’staste”可能不符合每個(gè)人的口味，說明現(xiàn)狀不能令每個(gè)人滿意，所以不應(yīng)維持現(xiàn)狀。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。由theUnitedStates定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第三句“ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s‘largeandexpensiveprograms’”美國(guó)和俄羅斯的大型和昂貴的項(xiàng)目被歸因于彼此的大型和昂貴的項(xiàng)目。由此可推測(cè)，美國(guó)研究生化武器是因?yàn)槎砹_斯也有研究。A選項(xiàng)“needforundetectableweaponry”意為“需要不可探測(cè)的武器”，原文未提及不可探測(cè)的武器；B選項(xiàng)“costlinessofthenuclearprograms”意為“核項(xiàng)目的昂貴”，原文未提及核武器的成本；C選項(xiàng)“Russia’shavingsuchaprogram”意為“俄羅斯有這樣一個(gè)計(jì)劃”，與原文相符；D選項(xiàng)“abilityofmodernresearchtodevelopthem”意為“現(xiàn)代研究發(fā)展它們的能力”，原文并未提及現(xiàn)代研究能力。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需逐個(gè)分析各個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“showtheindifferenceinstoppingCBwarfareprograms”意為“對(duì)停止生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)方面表現(xiàn)出漠不關(guān)心”，與原文不符，全文第一段就已提出控制生化武器的話題；B選項(xiàng)“explainthecostofCBwarfare”意為“解釋生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的成本”，這只是原文第二段的一部分內(nèi)容，并不是原文的主旨大意；C選項(xiàng)“discussalternativestoCBwarfare”意為“討論生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的替代方案”，原文第一段提出控制生化武器的話題，然后最后一句話總結(jié)到避免生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的方法就是大國(guó)保持相對(duì)平衡，所以本文就是在討論生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的替代方案；D選項(xiàng)“makethereaderawareofthedangersofCBwarfare”意為“使讀者意識(shí)到生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的危險(xiǎn)”，原文并未舉例說明或是提及生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的危險(xiǎn)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Itisanoffencetoshow（）againstpeopleofdifferentraces.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinction

B.difference

C.separation

D.discrimination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinction“區(qū)別，差別”；B選項(xiàng)difference“差異，不同”；C選項(xiàng)separation“分離，分開”；D選項(xiàng)discrimination“歧視，區(qū)別”句意：歧視其他種族的人是一種冒犯行為。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Evidencecameupthat______speechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.specific

B.distinctive

C.explicit

D.blunt

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)specific“特殊的，特定的；明確的；詳細(xì)的”，著重指某種、某類事物具有的特殊或特定的屬性；B選項(xiàng)distinctive“獨(dú)特的，有特色的；與眾不同的”，常被用來突出某個(gè)特點(diǎn)，也就是說由于某個(gè)特點(diǎn)的存在使其不同于其他的人或事物；C選項(xiàng)explicit“明確的；清楚的；直率的；詳述的”；D選項(xiàng)blunt“鈍的，不鋒利的；生硬的；直率的”。句意：有證據(jù)表明，6個(gè)月大的嬰兒就能識(shí)別______語音。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)語音，用“特定的”一詞修飾更符合句意，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatthesizeoftheuniverse（

）ourimagination.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transforms

B.transfers

C.transpires

D.transcends

【答案】D

【解析】transform改變，轉(zhuǎn)化；transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，移交；transpire蒸發(fā)，泄露；transcend勝過，超越。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為宇宙的大小超出了我們的想象。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

Afterthedisasterofflood，peoplealloverthevillagemade_________efforttorebuildtheirhome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.superfluous

B.tenuous

C.strenuous

D.fatuous

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。superfluous“多余的，不必要的”；tenuous“無關(guān)緊要的”；strenuous“費(fèi)力的，緊張的”；fatuous“愚笨的，昏庸的”。句意：洪災(zāi)過后，全村的人們都努力重建家園。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Thesurpassingbeautyofhispaintings（

）thoseofhiscontemporaries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.besmeared

B.belittled

C.dwarfed

D.bedimmed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。besmear“弄臟，涂抹”；belittle“輕視”；dwarf“使顯得矮?。皇瓜嘈我娊I”；bedim“使······模糊”。句意：他畫作的非凡的美麗使他同時(shí)代的人的那些畫相形見絀。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

Afterhavingbeendismissedfromthefactory,Johnhadtoearnameagerlivingby（）televisionsets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overhauling

B.patching

C.servicing

D.remedying

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:overhaul"分解檢查”；B:patch“修理，接通”；C:service“服務(wù)”；D:remedy“修補(bǔ)，彌補(bǔ)”。句意：在離開工廠之后，約翰不得不靠修電視來賺取微薄的收入。結(jié)合此處語義，B為正確答案。

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

“Warishell,”saidGeneralSherman,acommanderintheAmericanCivilWar.Thisstatementaccuratelydescribesthebloodycampaignthathewaged.Yetitwasthiswarwhichmarkedthebeginningofthemodernlawsofwarfare.AttheendoftheCivilWarin1865HenryWirz,aformerconfederateofficer,wastriedandconvictedforill-treatingandmurderingprisoners.

Therehadbeenrulesbefore,butthiswarsawtheintroductionofaformalandcomprehensivecodetoguidetroopsinthefield.Theseideashavebeenprogressivelyrefined,firstinTheHagueConventionsof1899and1907,andthenintheGenevaConventionsof1949and1977.

Armieshaveoftenadoptedproceduresforthepunishmentofwarcriminals.Initially,theyweredesignedtodisciplinesoldiersandweremostlyconductedbytheauthoritiesofthestatetowhichtheoffendersbelonged.However,towardstheendoftheSecondWorldWar,itbecameclearthattheoutragescommittedbytheNaziregimeinGermany—suchastheHolocaust,inwhichanestimatedsixmillionJewswerekilled—andbytheJapaneseweresogreatthatthoseresponsibleshould,inasense,betriedbyallmankind.Thus,inOctober1943,twoyearsbeforetheendoftheSecondWorldWar,representativesoftheAlliednations,ledbyBritainandtheUnitedStates,metinLondonandestablishedacommissiontoinvestigatesuchoutrages.

Threecategoriesofoffencewereestablished,whichloosely,cametobedefinedas“warcrimes”.Theywere:crimesagainstpeace,suchastheplottingofwaragainstnon-aggressivecountries;violationsofthecustomsandlawsofwar,suchasthemurderofprisoners,hostagesandcivilians;andcrimesagainsthumanity,whichincludeextermination,enslavementandotherinhumaneactscommittedagainstanycivilianpopulation.WiththeGermansdefeated,theAlliedleadersdecidedtotryNazileadersforaseriesofwarcrimes.ThefirstsessionofthehearingtookplaceinBerlininOctober1945.Chargeswerelodgedagainst24formerNazileaders.Theywerechargedwithcrimesagainstpeace,warcrimes,genocide,andthewantondestructionoftownsandcities.

InNovember1945thehearingsweremovedtotheGermantownofNuremberg.Threeofthedefendantswereacquitted;twelveweresentencedtodeath;threeweresentencedtolifeimprisonment;andfourweresentencedtoimprisonmentforbetweentenandtwentyyears.Thedecisionofthetribunalwasunanimous.AsimilartrialwasalsoheldofJapanesewarleadersand25ofthemwereconvictedforcrimescommittedinAsia.

1.GeneralSherman（）.

2.In1943,（）.

3.Warcrimesdoesn’tinclude（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.establishedthemodernlawsofwarfare

B.startedtheAmericanCivilWar

C.wassentencedforill-treatingprisoners

D.becameawarcriminal

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theSecondWorldWarended

B.theNaziregimekilledsixmillionJews

C.theAlliednationsdecidedtoinvestigatetheNazicrimes

D.formallawswereintroducedtodisciplinethesoldiers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.neglectingculturalcustomsofthepeople

B.destroyingpeaceinacountry

C.killinghostages

D.makingtheciviliansslaves

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Modernlawsofwarfare