考研考博-英語-武昌工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-武昌工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,（）theyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.being

C.were

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。句意：我們使用的Church這個(gè)詞指的是所有的宗教機(jī)構(gòu)，無論是基督教、伊斯蘭教、佛教、猶太教等等。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前半句中出現(xiàn)了as，其謂語動(dòng)詞多用be的原形，引導(dǎo)讓步虛擬從句，并且需要倒裝，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.

Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallaborer,tiredoutwithahardweek'ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworrytriflingthingsattheweekend.

【答案】一個(gè)人，為了活的真正開心和踏實(shí)，至少要培養(yǎng)兩到三項(xiàng)興趣。而且必須是真正的興趣。到了晚年才說:“我對這感興趣，對那也感興趣”，已經(jīng)沒有什么必要了。這種愿望只能加劇精神緊張。一個(gè)人也許在其非工作領(lǐng)域也同樣是學(xué)富五車，但是，也很難從中得到什么益處或慰藉。

做你喜歡的事一般沒有什么用;要學(xué)會(huì)熱愛自己的職業(yè)。泛泛講來，人可以劃分為三類:勞累至死的人;憂慮至死的人;厭煩至死的人。讓一個(gè)體力勞動(dòng)者在周末下午踢足球或打棒球來放松是毫無意義的，因?yàn)橐恢艿男羷谝呀?jīng)令他們精疲力竭了。讓那些為大事持續(xù)操勞或費(fèi)心了六天的政界人士、專業(yè)人員或商界人士，在周日，繼續(xù)為雞毛蒜皮的小事勞神，這也同樣也是于事無補(bǔ)的。

3.單選題

（）moreimportant,notonlythelostcitieswererecovered,butthenewcitieswerebuilt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thatis

B.Itis

C.Because

D.Whatis

【答案】D

【解析】句意：更重要的是,不僅找回了丟失的城市,而且建造了新的城市。

4.單選題

Whenthelawyeraskedhimhisreasonforthedivorceeherepliedthathecouldnolongerbearhercarping（

）himabouthisdrinkingtoomuch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.to

C.at

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。carpatsb.“對某人挑剔”。句意：當(dāng)律師問他離婚的原因時(shí)，他回答不能再忍受她挑剔他酗酒。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Themorningnewssaysaschoolbus（

）withatrainatthejunctionandagroupofpolicemenweresentthereimmediately.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.crashed

B.collided

C.bumped

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。crash“墜毀、撞壞”；collide“碰撞、抵觸、沖突”，常與with搭配；bump“碰撞、撞擊”，常與into連用；strike“打擊、罷工、猛擊”。句意：據(jù)新聞報(bào)道，一輛校車在交叉路口與一列火車相撞，警察立即抵達(dá)事故現(xiàn)場。B項(xiàng)能與with搭配，故答案B

6.單選題

Idon’treallyknowhowto（

）theproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.draw

B.deal

C.cope

D.tackle

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知這里指處理問題，選項(xiàng)A不符合句意；選項(xiàng)B和C后面都需要接介詞with，所以只有選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.單選題

Asateacher,youshouldnot（）thestudentsfromaskingquestionsinclass.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ruin

B.restrain

C.import

D.impose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ruin“破壞，糟蹋，毀滅”；B選項(xiàng)restrain“抑制，控制”，指用強(qiáng)力或權(quán)力去阻止或限制某人做某事；C選項(xiàng)import“輸入，進(jìn)口”；D選項(xiàng)impose“強(qiáng)加，征稅，以……欺騙”。句意：作為老師，你不應(yīng)該阻止學(xué)生在課堂上提問。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Thepresidentpaid_______tothefiremenwhohadfoughttheblaze,sayingtheirbraveryhadsavedcountlesslives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attention

B.heed

C.grief

D.tribute

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“attention”，意為注意力，關(guān)心；B選項(xiàng)“heed”，意為“注意，聽從”；C選項(xiàng)“grief”，意為“悲痛，憂傷”；D選項(xiàng)“tribute”意為“致敬，悼念”，句意：總統(tǒng)向滅火的消防隊(duì)員致敬，稱贊他們的勇敢拯救了無數(shù)生命。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Mostofthestoriesabouthisprivatelifeareprobably（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.apocalyptical

B.apocryphal

C.apocrine

D.apochromatic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)apocalyptical“天啟的，啟示論的”；B選項(xiàng)apocryphal“偽的；可疑的”；C選項(xiàng)apocrine“泌離的，頂漿分泌的”；D選項(xiàng)apochromatic“[光]復(fù)消色差的”。句意：有關(guān)他私生活的事可能大部分是虛構(gòu)的。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Basketball,（

）1891byCanadianJamesNaismith,wasneverintendedtobeanythingmorethananinterestingstyleofhandsoccerforuniversitystudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whenitwasinventedin

B.whichinvented

C.wasinventedin

D.whichitwasinventedin

【答案】A

【解析】語法（從句）題目。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格后一句是真正的主句，所以空格所在句是一個(gè)從句，所以排除C選項(xiàng)；從句是修飾Basketball，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除B選項(xiàng)，which在引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，需在從句中充當(dāng)成分，所以排除D選項(xiàng);所以正確答案是A選項(xiàng)，是一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語從句。

11.單選題

Proteinsarecomposedofmorethantwentyaminoacidsthatareliberatedduringdigestion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.congregated

B.multiplied

C.freed

D.conscripted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。題干liberated“解放”。A項(xiàng)“聚集，集合”，B項(xiàng)“成倍增加；繁殖”，C項(xiàng)“解放，使自由”，D項(xiàng)“征募；征召”。因此選C。句意：蛋白質(zhì)由二十多種在消化過程中釋放的氨基酸組成。

12.單選題

Sincethe1980s,increasingly（

）toolshavemadeitpossibletoproduce,market,anddistributemotionpicturesdigitally.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.predictable

B.disguised

C.ornamental

D.sophisticated

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。predictable可預(yù)測的；disguised偽裝的；ornamental裝飾的；sophisticated高級的，復(fù)雜的。句意：20世紀(jì)80年代以來，越來越高級的工具使得電影以數(shù)字化形式制作、營銷和推廣成為可能。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

13.單選題

Theprotestswerepartoftheir（

）againsttheproposedbuildingdevelopmentinthearea.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commission

B.campaign

C.commitment

D.convention

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)commission“委員會(huì)，傭金，回扣”；B選項(xiàng)campaign“活動(dòng)，運(yùn)動(dòng)（為社會(huì)、商業(yè)或政治目的而進(jìn)行的一系列有計(jì)劃的活動(dòng)），戰(zhàn)役”；C選項(xiàng)commitment“承諾，許諾”；D選項(xiàng)convention“慣例，大會(huì)，協(xié)定”。由againsttheproposedbuildingdevelopment（反對提議建設(shè)開發(fā)）可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：這些抗議是他們反對該地區(qū)擬議建設(shè)開發(fā)活動(dòng)的一部分。

14.單選題

Ifeverybodyhasarrivedthemeetingmay（

）now.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commence

B.criticize

C.comment

D.conclude

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。commence“開始；著手”；criticize“批評；評論”；comment“發(fā)表評論”；conclude“推斷；斷定”。句意：如果每個(gè)人都到了，那會(huì)議就開始了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Hethoughtthathemightbeabletoavoidpayingsomeofhistaxesbytakingadvantagesofthe______inthelaw.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.circle

B.misunderstanding

C.exception

D.loopholes

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)circle“周期”；B選項(xiàng)misunderstanding“誤解”；C選項(xiàng)exception“例外；異議”；D選項(xiàng)loopholes“漏洞”。句意：他認(rèn)為他也許可以利用法律上的______來逃避繳納一些稅款。根據(jù)語境，這里是指鉆法律的空子避稅，D選項(xiàng)loopholes“漏洞”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15%)

在團(tuán)隊(duì)內(nèi)部建立友誼

團(tuán)隊(duì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者耍懂得如何利用友誼的力量來加強(qiáng)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。在正式的團(tuán)體會(huì)議中，營造一種輕松、友好的氣氛非常重要。要努力創(chuàng)造一種氛圍使每個(gè)成員的發(fā)言都得到充分的尊重，讓每個(gè)人可以暢所欲言。想做到這一點(diǎn)，就要使隊(duì)員們盡量以朋友，而非同事的方式，來處理相互關(guān)系；鼓勵(lì)每個(gè)成員在工作、會(huì)議之外進(jìn)行交談，多作接觸，在輕松的氣氛中自由地交換意見和看法。多安排社交活動(dòng)，創(chuàng)造大家在工作之余聚會(huì)碰頭的機(jī)會(huì)，在取得成功時(shí)舉辦慶祝活動(dòng)等，都有利于團(tuán)隊(duì)成員之間建立真正的朋友關(guān)系，有利于團(tuán)結(jié)團(tuán)隊(duì)，使之成為一個(gè)整體。

【答案】BuildFriendshipinaTeam

Teamleadershouldknowhowtoenhanceteamworkbyusingthepoweroffriendship.Inaformalgroupmeeting,effortsshouldbemadetobuildapleasantandfriendlyatmosphereinwhicheachmember’sspeechisfullyrespectedandeveryonecanspeakfreely.Inordertodothis,theteammembershouldberegardedasfriendsnotcolleagues,andmoreover,eachofthemshouldbeencouragedtocommunicateandcontactafterworkandmeetingandexchangeviewsinacomfortableatmosphere.Organizingsocialevents,creatingopportunitiesforpeopletomeetoutsideofoffice,andholdingcelebrationstocelebratesuccesshelptobuildtruefriendshipandunitetheteamasawhole.

17.單選題

Wetriedtosettletheproblemwiththemassoonaspossible,buttheyseemedto（）sincerity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lackof

B.belackof

C.lackin

D.belackingin

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語辨析。seem的用法為“主語+seem+（tobe）+表語”，表語多為名詞或形容詞，有時(shí)是其他的詞或短語，以說明主語的特征或狀態(tài)，所以排除A、C選項(xiàng)；lackof“沒有；不夠；缺乏；不足”，經(jīng)常和for或becauseof連用；lack還可以用“現(xiàn)在分詞”的形式組成一個(gè)慣用句型belackingin來表示“欠缺、特點(diǎn)等”，該句型中介詞in不可省略。句意：我們試圖盡快和他們解決這個(gè)問題，但他們似乎缺乏誠意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.寫作題

Directions:FromJune1,2008,Chinawillbanshopsfromofferingfreeplasticbagandhascalledonconsumerstousebasketsandclothsacksinsteadtoreduceenvironmentalpollution.Whatdoyouthinkaboutthispolicy?Pleasewriteacompositionofapproximately200wordsonthefollowingtopic:

ShouldWeBanFreePlasticBagsFromShops?

Inthefirstpart,youshouldstaleclearlyyourviewpointonthisissue.Inthesecondpart,youshouldsupportyourviewpointwilhappropriatedetails.InIhelastpart,youshouldbringwhatyouhavewrittenIoanaturalconclusion.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheseinstructionsmayresultinthelossofmarks.

WriteyourcompositionontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

19.單選題

Indiaisacountrywhosepopulation（）thatofChina.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isfirstexcept

B.hassecondplaceto

C.issecondonlyto

D.comesecondfollowing

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：印度是人口僅次于中國的國家。besecondonlyto是固定搭配，意思是“僅次于”，沒有A，B，D的搭配用法。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

ItisperfectlyclearthataviolentrevolutiononthepartofAmericanblackswouldfindnosympathyandsupportfromthewhitepopulationandverylittlefromthemajorityoftheNegroesthemselves.Thisisnotimeforromanticillusions.Withoutrecognizingthiswewillendupwithsolutionsthatdon’tsolve,answersthatdon’tanswerandexplanationsthatdon’texplain.

【答案】毋庸置疑，美國黑人的暴力革命絕不可能得到白人的同情與支持，也得不到大多數(shù)黑人的同情與支持?，F(xiàn)在不是浪漫幻想的時(shí)候。如果不能認(rèn)識到這一點(diǎn)，我們將會(huì)得出無法解決困難的方法、無法回答疑問的答案與無法闡釋問題的解釋。

21.單選題

Iintendtomovethatourcommittee（）Jimaschairman,andIhopethatyouwillsecondmymotion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willappoint

B.appoints

C.appoint

D.appointed

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Move在這里表示（在會(huì)上）提議、建議。在表建議、命令、要求和愿望的動(dòng)詞后面，賓語從句要用虛擬語氣:should+動(dòng)詞原形的用法，should可省略。選項(xiàng)C正確。句意：我提議委員會(huì)任命Jim為主席，我希望你能支持我的建議。

22.單選題

TheBuddhistreligiondevelopedfromtheteachingsofShakyamuniBuddha,wholivedfromabout563to483BCEinthepresent-dayregionsofNepalandcentralIndia.Athisbirth,itisbelieved,seersforetoldthattheinfantprince,namedSiddharthaGautama,wouldbecomeeitherachakravartin—a“world-conqueringruler”—oraBuddha—a"fullyenlightenedbeing”.Hopingforarulerlikehimself,Siddhartha’sfathertriedtosurroundhissonwithpleasureandshieldhimfrompain.Yettheprincewaseventuallyexposedtothesufferingofoldage,sickness,anddeath—theinevitablefateofallmortalbeings.Deeplytroubledbythehumancondition,Siddharthaatagetwenty-nineleftthepalace,hisfamily,andhisinheritancetoliveasanasceticinthewilderness.Aftersixyearsofmeditation,heattainedcompleteenlightenmentnearBodhGaya,India.

Followinghisenlightenment,theBuddha(EnlightenmentOne)gavehisfirstteachingintheDeerParkatSamath.HereheexpoundedtheFourNobleTruths,whicharethefoundationofBuddhism:(1)lifeissuffering;(2)thissufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;(3)thisignorancecanbeovercomeandextinguished;(4)thewaytoovercomethisignoranceisbyfollowingtheeightfoldpathofrightview,rightresolve,rightspeech,rightaction,rightlivelihood,righteffort,rightmindfulness,andrightconcentration.AftertheBuddha’sdeathattheageofeighty,hismanydisciplesdevelopedhisteachingsandestablishedtheworld’soldestmonasticinstitutions.

ABuddhaisnotagodbutratheronewhoseestheultimatenatureoftheworldandisthereforenolongersubjecttosamsara,thecycleofbirth,deathandrebirththatotherwiseholdsusinitsgrip,whetherwearebornintotheworldofthegods,humans,animals,torturedspirits,orhellbeings.

TheearlyformofBuddhismknownasTheravadaorHinayana,stressesself-cultivationforthepurposeofattainingnirvana,whichistheextinctionofsamsaraforoneself.TheravadaBuddhismhascontinuedinsouthIndia,SriLanka,andSoutheastAsia.Within500yearsoftheBuddha’sdeath,anotherformofBuddhism,knownasMahayana,becamepopularmainlyinnorthernIndia;iteventuallyflourishedinChina(asChanandVajrayana),andinKorea,Japan(asZen).CompassionforallbeingsisthefoundationofMahayanaBuddhism,whosegoalisnotnirvanaforoneselfbutBuddhahood(Enlightenment)foreverybeingthroughouttheuniverse.MahayanaBuddhismrecognizesBuddhasotherthanShakyamunifromthepast,present,andfuture.OnesuchisMaitreya,thenextBuddhatoappearonEarth.AnotheristheAmitabhaBuddha,theBuddhaofInfiniteLightandInfiniteLife(thatis,incorporatingallspaceandtime),whodwellsinparadiseknownastheWesternPureLand.AmitabhaBuddhabecameparticularlypopularinEastAsia.MahayanaBuddhismalsodevelopedthecategoryofbodhisattvas(thosewhoseessenceiswisdom),saintlybeingswhoareonthebrinkofachievingBuddhahoodbuthavevowedtohelpothersachieveBuddhahoodbeforecrossingoverthemselves.

Inart,bodhisattvasandBuddhasaremostclearlydistinguishedbytheirclothingandadornments:bodhisattvasweartheprincelygarbofIndia,whileBuddhaswearmonks’robes.InHinduism,adeitymaydwellinitsimage,butinBuddhismportrayalsofBuddhasandbodhisattvasarerecognizedaspurelysymbolic,andnospiritisbelievedtoresidewithin.

1.WhichtypeofBuddhismdevelopedthecategoryofbodhisattva,andhowarebodhisattvasdistinguishedfromBuddhasinartisticrepresentations?

2.WhichkindofBuddhismemphasizespersonaldevelopmentforthepurposeofachievingnirvana,andwhatisnirvana?

3.WhydidSiddhartha’sfathershelterhimwhenhewasyoung?

4.WhattypeofBuddhismflourishedhalfamillenniumaftertheBuddha’sdeath,andmainlydevelopedfurthertotheeast;whatwasitsmaingoal?

5.WhatarethefourNobleTruthsandwheredidtheBuddhafirstexpoundthisdoctrine?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.MahayanaBuddhism,andtheyaredressedlikeIndianprinces.

B.VajrayanaBuddhism,andtheyaredistinguishedbytheyellowhatsandsaffronrobestheywear.

C.ChanBuddhism,andtheycanbeidentifiedinartbytherobesthatcovertheirbodies.

D.TheravadaBuddhism,andtheyareidentifiedbytheprincelygarbofIndiathattheywear.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheravadaBuddhism;theBuddhistequivalentoftheChristianheaven.

B.TheravadaBuddhism;thepersonalextinctionofthecycleofbirth,deathandrebirth.

C.HinayanaBuddhism;theextinctionofsamsara.

D.BothBandC.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasafraidthathisson,whowouldonedaysucceedhimasking,mightgetsickanddieifhewereexposedtothedangersofeverydaylife.

B.Hewasworriedthathissonmightbecomegreatandchallengehisreign,andthatiswhyhetriedtodistracthimwithpleasure.

C.Helovedhissonverydeeplyanddidnotwantanypainorsicknesstoaffecthim;hewantedhimtoliveonlyintheperfect“world”thathecreatedforhim.

D.OraclesforetoldthatthebabySiddhartha,whenhegrewup,wouldeitherbeaworldconquerororafullyenlightenedbeing,buthisfatheronlywantedhimtobeanordinarykinglikehimself.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.MahayanaBuddhism,anditsmaingoalwasBuddhahoodforeverybeingthroughouttheuniverse.

B.ShakyamuniBuddism,anditsmaingoalwastoendsamsaraforeverybodhisattva.

C.ZenBuddhism,anditsmaingoalwastobringthePureLandintothepresentworld.

D.VajrayanaBuddhism,anditsmaingoalwastosharetheBuddha’smessagethroughcreatingpurelysymbolicimagesoftheBuddhathroughpaintingsandsculptures.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Lifeissuffering;ignorantpeoplecausesuffering;ignorancecanbeovercome;onecanovercomeignorancebyfollowingtheeightfoldpath;hegavehisfirstteachingatBodhGayainIndia.

B.Lifeissuffering;sufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;ignorancecanbeovercomebycarefulstudy;hegavehisfirstteachingtothedeerthatgatheredaroundhimatBodhGayainIndia.

C.Lifeissuffering;thissufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;thisignorancecanbeovercomeandextinguished;thewaytoovercomethisignoranceisbyfollowingtheeightfoldpath;hegavehisfirstteachinginDeerParkatSamath.

D.Lifeissuffering;ignoranceisthecauseofsuffering;ignorancecanbeovercomebyfollowingtheeightfoldpath;hegavehisfirstteachingintheDeerParkatSamath.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題有兩個(gè)問題。第一個(gè)是“哪一種佛教擴(kuò)大了菩薩的范疇”，第四段最后一句說到“MahayanaBuddhismalsodevelopedthecategoryofbodhisattvas…”，由此可知，是大乘佛教“MahayanaBuddhism”擴(kuò)大了菩薩的范疇；第二個(gè)問題，howarebodhisattvasdistinguishedfromBuddhasinartisticrepresentations“菩薩與佛在藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)上有何不同”，最后一段第一句正說到了兩者在藝術(shù)方面的區(qū)別“Inart,bodhisattvasandBuddhasaremostclearlydistinguishedbytheirclothingandadornments:bodhisattvasweartheprincelygarbofIndia,whileBuddhaswearmonks’robes”，在藝術(shù)上，菩薩和佛最明顯的區(qū)別是他們的服飾：菩薩穿的是印度的公主服，而佛穿的是僧袍。對比選項(xiàng)可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題同樣有兩個(gè)問題。第一個(gè)問題“哪種佛教強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人發(fā)展以達(dá)到涅槃的目的”，第四段第一句說到“TheearlyformofBuddhism…stressesself-cultivationforthepurposeofattainingnirvana,whichistheextinctionofsamsaraforoneself”，佛教的早期形式（小乘佛教）強(qiáng)調(diào)自我修養(yǎng)，以達(dá)到涅槃的目的，即不再輪回，因此是小乘佛教強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人發(fā)展達(dá)到涅槃；第二個(gè)問題“什么是涅槃”，因?yàn)槟鶚勈欠鸾虖?qiáng)調(diào)的個(gè)人發(fā)展目的，因此涅槃與佛有關(guān)，第三段中說到“ABuddhaisnotagodbutratheronewhoseestheultimatenatureoftheworldandisthereforenolongersubjecttosamsara,thecycleofbirth,deathandrebirth…”，佛陀不是神，而是一個(gè)看到世界終極本質(zhì)的人，因此不再受制于輪回，也就是生、死和重生的循環(huán)，由此可知，涅槃也就是不再受制于生、死和重生的循環(huán)。對比選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中受到父親庇護(hù)的Siddhartha出現(xiàn)在文章第一段“Athisbirth,itisbelieved,seersforetoldthattheinfantprince,namedSiddharthaGautama,wouldbecomeeitherachakravartin—a‘world-conqueringruler'—oraBuddha—a‘fullyenlightenedbeing’.Hopingforarulerlikehimself,Siddhartha’sfathertriedtosurroundhissonwithpleasureandshieldhimfrompain”，釋迦牟尼在出生時(shí)，被預(yù)言他或?qū)⑹钦鞣澜绲慕y(tǒng)治者，或?qū)⑹且粋€(gè)完全開悟的人。他的父親希望他成為像自己一樣的統(tǒng)治者，想讓他免受痛苦而努力保護(hù)他。對比選項(xiàng)可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題又是兩個(gè)問題。第一個(gè)問題“什么樣的佛教在佛陀死后500年才興盛起來，而且主要在東方發(fā)展得更遠(yuǎn)”，第四段第三句說到“Within500yearsoftheBuddha’sdeath,anotherformofBuddhism,knownasMahayana,becamepopularmainlyinnorthernIndia;iteventuallyflourishedinChina(asChanandVajrayana),andinKorea,Japan(asZen)”，佛陀去世后500年內(nèi)，另一種佛教形式大乘佛教主要在印度北部流行起來；它最終在中國（作為禪宗和藏傳佛教）和韓國、日本（作為禪宗）興盛起來。第二個(gè)問題“它的主要目的是什么”，第四段第四句說到“whosegoalisnotnirvanaforoneselfbutBuddhahood(Enlightenment)foreverybeingthroughouttheuniverse”，其目標(biāo)不是為涅槃，而是為宇宙中的每一個(gè)眾生成佛（開悟）。對比選項(xiàng)可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段中說到“theBuddha(EnlightenmentOne)gavehisfirstteachingintheDeerParkatSamath”，佛陀在薩馬斯的鹿園里進(jìn)行了他的第一次教導(dǎo)，闡述了四圣諦的內(nèi)容：(1)lifeissuffering;(2)thissufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;(3)thisignorancecanbeovercomeandextinguished;(4)thewaytoovercomethisignoranceisbyfollowingtheeightfoldpath…對比選項(xiàng)可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Ifyou（）thebottleandcigarettes,you’llbemuchhealthier.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeoff

B.keepoff

C.getoff

D.setoff

【答案】B

【解析】短語辨析。句意：如果你酒瓶和煙，你會(huì)更健康。takeoff脫掉，起飛；keepoff擋住，禁食，不接近；getoff下車；setoff出發(fā)，（使）開始。因此，B項(xiàng)keepoff符合句意，在此表示“遠(yuǎn)離，戒掉，不接近”。

24.單選題

______thatasbothbirdsandmammalsbecomelarger,theirmetabolicratesperunitoftissuedecrease,andtheygenerallylivelonger.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetruth

B.Itistrue

C.Iftrue

D.Tobetrue

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：的確，隨著鳥類和哺乳動(dòng)物的體型變大，它們每單位組織的代謝率會(huì)下降，它們通常會(huì)活得更長。Itis/was+adj.+that是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，It作形式主語，真正主語是that后面的內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)Itistrue符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

()beforeweleavethedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfultimetogether.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Wouldtheyarrive

C.Weretheyarriving

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。本句為混合虛擬語氣。從句部分有表示將來的時(shí)間詞thedayaftertomorrow，因此用wereto的形式。虛擬條件句中如果含有were，should或had，可將if省略，將這三個(gè)詞移到從句句首位置，并倒裝。Itisabouttimethat是一個(gè)虛擬語氣句型，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，that從句的謂語用一般過去時(shí)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

26.翻譯題

Putthefollowing3EnglishsentencesintoChineseand3ChinesesentencesintoEnglish.

因?yàn)椴┛偷膶?shí)質(zhì)只不過是一種“網(wǎng)絡(luò)白志”，即在網(wǎng)頁上按照吋間順序排列個(gè)人信息的一種記錄形式。博客的最大特點(diǎn)就是利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)主張，最大程度地彰顯個(gè)人的自主性或獨(dú)立性。盡管它正在成為--種越來越重要的文化載體甚至社會(huì)載體，但是無論如何都不可能取代最古老的知識傳承方式——讀書。

中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的食俗豐富多彩，且有悠久歷史。剛剛過去的春節(jié)是我國最最重要的節(jié)日，人們通常從它的前夜——-除夕就開始準(zhǔn)備了。這一天人們一般都會(huì)吃雞、鴨、魚、肉、餃子等。再過幾天就是端午節(jié)了，這個(gè)節(jié)日的重要食俗就是吃粽子(ricedumpling)。而吃月餅則是中秋節(jié)最具代表性的習(xí)俗，人們都喜歡在這天與家人團(tuán)聚，邊飲酒賞月，邊吃月餅。

我要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，我們不能因?yàn)槌晒εe辦了奧運(yùn)會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展較快而太過驕傲自滿。必須認(rèn)識到，我們只是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家———個(gè)人口大國、經(jīng)濟(jì)小國。對于這么一個(gè)國家，不管有多么可觀的收入，只要除以13億，立刻就變成很低的人均水平。所以，中國的發(fā)展道路離真正的富強(qiáng)還很漫長，萬里長征才走了幾步??！我們需要一直努力才行！

Itwasa"matchofthecentury"betweenhumanchampionoftheChineseboardgameGoandGoogle'scomputerprogramkickedoffinSeoullastWednesday,whichdrewgreatattention.Google'sartificialintelligencesoftwarehaswonitsthirdstraightmatchagainstagrandmasterofanancientboardgamecalledGo.Google'sprogram,AlphaGo,wonfourgamesandlostoneinaseriesoffiveagainstLeeSedol,who'sconsideredoneoftheworld’sbestGoplayers.ThismeansGooglehassecuredthe$1millioninprizemoneyfromthecompetition,whichitsaysitwilldonatetocharity.ButthiswasaboutmorethanmoneyandbraggingrightsforGoogle.

TheZikaviruswasfirstisolatedin1947fromamonkeyintheZikaforestofUganda.ItshistoricalhomehasbeeninanarrowequatorialbeltstretchingacrossAfricaandintoequatorialAsia.Fordecades,thedisease,transmittedbytheAedesgenusofmosquitoslumbered,affectingmainlymonkeys.Inhumans,Zikaoccasionallycausedamilddiseaseoflowconcern.In2007,ZikaexpandeditsgeographicalrangetocausethefirstdocumentedoutbreakinthePacificislands,intheFederatedStatesofMicronesia.From20132014,4additionalPacificislandnationsdocumentedlargeZikaoutbreaks.

China'sstunningeconomicriseisoneofthebiggestlegendsofthisgeneration.Injustthreedecadessincebeginningtoembracemarketeconomics,Chinahasleftitsdesperatepovertybehindtobecometheworld'stopexportingnation.ThetransformationhasoccurredsoquicklythatmythsandmisperceptionsaboundaboutthechallengesandopportunitiesthatChinaposestoAmericaandtherestoftheworld.

【答案】Thecoreoftheblogsisjustakindof“networkdiary’’，namely,arecordingformofdisplayingthepersonalinformationonthewebpagechronologically.Thebiggestcharacteristicoftheblogistousethenetworkspacetoissueyourownpointofviewandshowyourpersonalindependenceorautonomybythegreatestdegree.Althoughitgraduallybecomesamoreandmoreimportantculturalcarrieroreventhesocialcarrier,nomatterwhat,itcouldnotreplacethemostancientwayofpassingknowledgedownway—readingbooks.

Chinahaswitnessedalonghistoryoftheeatingcustomsoftraditionalfestivals,whichisfullofvariety.TheSpringFestivaljustoverthepastisthemostsignificantfestivalofallinChina.Peoplehavepreparedforitfromeveofit,theNewYear’sEve.Thisday,peoplewouldeatthechicken,duck,fish,meatanddumplings.Inafewmoredays,theDragonBoatFestivaliscoming.Theeatingcustomofthisfestivalistoeattheracedumplings,whiletoeatthemooncakesisthemostrepresentativeeatingcustomoftheMid-autumnFestival.Peoplewouldreunitewiththeirfamilies,drinkingandenjoyingthemoonwhileeatingmooncakes.

IwanttoemphasizethatweshouldnotbetooproudandcomplacentbecauseofthesuccessfulOlympicGamesandtherapideconomicdevelopment.Wemustrealizethatoursisjustadevelopingcountrywithalargepopulationbutweakeconomy.Forthiscountry,anyconsiderableamountoffinancialresource,dividedby1.3billion,becomesaverylowpercapitallevel.Therefore,Chinaisfarawayfromprosperity.Howfewstepsthelongjourneywehavetaken!Wearegoingtobeworkinghard.

上周三，中國圍棋人類冠軍與谷歌電腦程序在首爾舉行了“世紀(jì)之戰(zhàn)”，引起了廣泛關(guān)注。谷歌的人工智能軟件已經(jīng)連續(xù)第三次擊敗名為Go的古老棋盤游戲的大師。名為“阿爾法狗”的谷歌軟件在和世界最好的圍棋選手李世石的五場比賽以四勝一敗結(jié)束。這意味著谷歌已經(jīng)從競賽中獲得了100萬美元的獎(jiǎng)金，并表示將捐贈(zèng)給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。但是這場勝利的意義已經(jīng)超過了獎(jiǎng)金和勝利本身。

塞卡病毒最初是1947年從烏干達(dá)塞卡森林的一只猴子身上分離出來的。它的歷史發(fā)源地是一條狹窄的赤道帶，橫跨非洲，一直延伸到赤道亞洲。幾十年來，這種病毒由伊蚊屬蚊蟲傳播，消無聲息，主要感染猴子。在人類身上，塞卡病毒偶爾會(huì)引起一種低關(guān)注度的輕微疾病。2007年，寨卡病毒擴(kuò)大了地理范圍，導(dǎo)致在太平洋島嶼密克羅尼西亞首次爆發(fā)有記載的疫情。2013年至2014年，又有4個(gè)太平洋島嶼國家記錄了大規(guī)模寨卡病毒的爆發(fā)。

中國驚人的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長是這一代人最大的傳奇之一。自開始接受市場經(jīng)濟(jì)以來的短短三十年里，中國已經(jīng)擺脫了極度貧困，成為世界上最大的出口國。這種轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)生得如此之快，以至于出現(xiàn)了大量關(guān)于中國對美國和世界其他地區(qū)帶來構(gòu)成威脅的傳說和誤解。

27.單選題

ThegeologyoftheEarth’ssurfaceisdominatedbytheparticularpropertiesofwater.PresentonEarthinsolid,liquid,andgaseousstates,waterisexceptionallyreactive.Itdissolves,transports,andprecipitatesmanychemicalcompoundsandisconstantlymodifyingthefaceoftheEarth.

Evaporatedfromtheoceans,watervaporformsclouds,someofwhicharetransportedbywindoverthecontinents.Condensationfromthecloudsprovidestheessentialagentofcontinentalerosion:rain.Precipitatedontotheground,thewate