考研考博-英語-安徽三聯(lián)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽三聯(lián)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

A（）statementwillverylikelybeonethatappearstobeconvincingonthesurface,butwhich,uponcloserexamination,isnotso.

問題1選項

A.plausible

B.reasonable

C.credible

D.laudable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項plausible“看似可信的，花言巧語的”；B選項reasonable“合理的，公道的”；C選項credible“可靠的，可信的”；D選項laudable“可贊譽的，值得稱贊的”。句意：一個看似可信的陳述很可能是表面上看起來令人信服的，但在仔細檢查后，卻并非如此。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

2.單選題

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（

）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

問題1選項

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項occasionally“偶爾地，偶然”；B選項simultaneously“同時地”；C選項eventually“最后，終于”；D選項promptly“迅速地，立即”。根據(jù)togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth（來捋一下她又長又飄逸的頭發(fā)）及句意可知A選項符合邏輯，表示捋頭發(fā)這個動作偶爾做。句意：在打字時，海倫有一個習(xí)慣，偶爾停下來捋一下她又長又飄逸的頭發(fā)。

3.單選題

Mac'sclose（）tohisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemfuroneanother.

問題1選項

A.resemblance

B.identity

C.appearance

D.relationship

【答案】A

【解析】句意:麥克和弟弟長得十分相像，人們常常把他們倆認(rèn)錯。

考查固定搭配?？崭裉幟~應(yīng)與to構(gòu)成搭配，根據(jù)后面句意可知A項“resemblanceto與…相似”正確。

4.單選題

Mostcellsaretransparent—inotherwords,theyarenotverygoodatreflectingorabsorbinglight.Tolookatthemunderamicroscopethusrequirestrickery.Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell,ratherthanseeingthewholethinginthreedimensions.MichaelFeld,oftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andhiscolleagues,thinktheycanchangethat.Theyhaveinventedawaytolookatcellsthatarestillalive.Moreover,theycandosointhreedimensions.Theirmethodiscalledtomographicphasemicroscopy,anditisreportedinthisweek’sNatureMethods.Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechniquecelebratestransparencybylookingatlightthatgetsthroughunaltered.Itdoessobymeasuringapropertycalledtherefractiveindex.

Thisindexmeasuresthespeedoflightinamaterial.(Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.)Thedifferentcomponentsofacell,thoughtransparent,havedifferentrefractiveindices.Dr.Feldandhisteamthereforesetouttomapwhatthesedifferencesare,withaviewtousingthemtodistinguishbetweencellularcomponents.

Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacelltheyuseatechniquecalledinterferometry,whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.Onehalf,knownastheobjectbeam,passesthroughthecell;theotherisdirectedalongadifferentpathandactasareference.Thelengthofthereferencepathissuchthatifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeetastheywerewhentheywereseparated.Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness.Themorethatthelightpassingthroughthesampleissloweddown,however,themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness.ItisthisphaseshiftthatgivesDr.Feld’snewformofmicroscopyitsname.

Asinglepairofbeamsdoesnot,however,produceausefulimage.Todothatrequiresscanningtheobjectbeamthroughthetargetaboutahundreddifferentways.Fromtherefractiveindexofeachpathitispossible—withtheapplicationofsomesuitablycrunchycomputingpower—toproduceathree-dimensionalimage.

Totesthisidea,Dr.Feldlookedatcervical-cancercells.Ifyouidentifythiscancerearly,thepatientwillprobablysurvive.Missit,andhe/shewilldie.Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.Sincecancercellsgrowrapidly,andthushaveahighdemandforproteins,itwasalikelyplacetoexpectchanges.

Dr.Feldalsohasplanstousebeamsofdifferentcolors,sinceeachcolorhasaslightlydifferentrefractiveindexinagivenmaterial.Thatwouldprovideextradataforthecomputertochewon,andprobablyresultinbetterpictures.Withenoughpictures,Dr.Feld’stechniquemaymakebiologyastransparentasthecellsitstudies.

31.Tomographicphasemicroscopyisdifferentfromtheothertricksthatlookatcellsinthat________.

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthespeedoflightinmaterials?

33.Theresultofdarknessinthetechniqueofinterferometryimpliesthat________.

34.Dr.Feld’smethodcouldbeappliedintoidentifyingcancerearlyby________.

35.Thebesttitleifthepassagecouldbe________.

問題1選項

A.thelightthatgetsthroughthecellsisunalteredintomographicphasemicroscopy

B.itdoesnotrequirethetrickerytokillcells

C.itisnotdependentonabsorbedorreflectedlight

D.itcouldseeallthecomponentsofthecellsfromthreedimensions

問題2選項

A.Lightrunsthefastestwhenitpassesthroughtransparentmaterialsintherealworld.

B.Thespeedoflightcanonlybepreciselymeasuredwhenthelightistravellinginvacuum.

C.Thespeedoflightinanymaterialisslowerthantheactual“speedoflight”.

D.Thespeedoflightshiftswhenthelighttravelsthroughdifferentcells.

問題3選項

A.thereisnolightpassingthroughthesample

B.therefractiveindexofthesampleisverygreat

C.thespeedofthelightpassingthroughthesampleisveryslow

D.thetwodaughterbeamsweakeneachother

問題4選項

A.detectingchangesofrefractiveindicesinthecomponentsofproteinfactories

B.findingoutthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinsomepartsofthecervical-cancercells

C.examiningthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinthenucleolus

D.identifyingthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinpartofthenucleolusofthecancercells

問題5選項

A.ImageoftheTransparentCells

B.NewTechniqueofCelebratingTransparency

C.RefractiveIndicesoftheTransparentCells

D.NewMethodofDetectingCancerCells

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】31.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechnique…（費爾德博士的技術(shù)不依賴于吸收光或反射光），可知層析相顯微鏡技術(shù)最獨特的地方在于C選項“不依賴于吸收或反射光”，所以C選項正確。A選項“通過細胞的光在層析相顯微鏡中是不變的”：根據(jù)第三段第一句Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacell…whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.（為了測量細胞不同部分的折射率……這種技術(shù)包括將一束光一分為二。），可知在層析相顯微鏡技術(shù)中，通過細胞的光會變化，故錯誤。B選項“不需要技巧來殺死細胞”：根據(jù)第一段第三句Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell（許多這樣的把戲殺死了細胞，甚至那些使細胞存活的把戲也只能看到每個細胞的切片），可知不是殺死細胞才能觀察，而是在觀察的過程中殺死了細胞，故錯誤。D選項“它可以從三維空間看到細胞的所有組成部分”：文中沒有提到，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.（只有在真空中，光以實際的“光速”移動，才能超過任何物體的速度。），可知光在真空中最快，所以C選項“任何物質(zhì)中的光速都比實際的‘光速’要慢?！闭_，B選項“只有當(dāng)光在真空中傳播時，才能精確測量光速。”錯誤。A選項“在現(xiàn)實世界中，光通過透明材料時跑得最快?！焙虳選項“當(dāng)光通過不同的細胞時，光的速度會發(fā)生變化”文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeet…Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness…themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness（如果沒有樣本存在，兩個子光束相遇時的相位完全相同……波浪的波峰和波谷會相互加強，結(jié)果就是明亮……兩束光的相位就越不一致。波峰將落在波谷上，結(jié)果將是黑暗。），可知如果兩個子光束相遇時相位相同，波峰和波谷會相互加強，結(jié)果是明亮，那么如果結(jié)果是黑暗，兩個子光束相位不一致，兩個子光束就是相互削弱，所以D選項“兩個子光束相互削弱”正確。A選項“沒有光通過樣品”的結(jié)果是明亮，故錯誤。B選項“樣品的折射率非常大”文中沒有提到，故錯誤。C選項“光通過樣品的速度非常慢”：通過很慢不一定是唯一原因，子光束的相位不同才是直接原因，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

34.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.（菲爾德博士想知道，如果使用他的新方法，癌癥期間發(fā)生的變化是否會顯現(xiàn)出來。他們在細胞的核仁中找到了。這里是制造蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的地方。），可知通過細胞核仁可以診斷癌癥，所以C選項“檢查核仁折光指數(shù)的變化”正確。A選項“檢測蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的折射率變化”：文中指的是制造蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的核仁，而不是這些成分，故錯誤。B選項“發(fā)現(xiàn)子宮頸癌細胞某些部位的折光指數(shù)變化”和D選項“識別部分癌細胞核仁的折光指數(shù)的變化”中不是觀察癌細胞的核仁，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

35.主旨大意題。本文主要在講通過層析相顯微術(shù)觀察透明細胞，包括原理和運用，所以B選項“觀察透明物的新技術(shù)”正確。根據(jù)A選項“透明細胞的圖像”，C選項“透明細胞的折射率”和D選項“檢測癌細胞的新方法”不能概括全文，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentinthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyontheteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetuneneededtokeeponwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“l(fā)ost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreatteacher.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause（）.

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewho,firstandforemost,do（）.

5.Thephrase“theproblem”(Paragraph5)refersto（）.

問題1選項

A.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictorytoeachother.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

問題2選項

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

D.professorwithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

問題3選項

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

C.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentsofmodernsciencemakeitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

問題4選項

A.teaching

B.fieldwork

C.scientificresearch

D.investigation

問題5選項

A.raisingthestatusofteaching

B.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

C.theseparationsofteachingformresearch

D.improvingthestatusofresearch

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。A:高估教學(xué)的重要性是錯誤的。B:教學(xué)和研究互相抵觸。C:不應(yīng)該過于強調(diào)研究的重要性。D:不應(yīng)該簡化教學(xué)和研究之間的關(guān)系。第一段講述二者之間的關(guān)系更為復(fù)雜和重要，而并沒有討論二者孰輕孰重。因此A跟C項錯誤。第一句指出:Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized(最近報紙和雜志上的報道表明，教學(xué)和研究是相互矛盾的，研究在學(xué)術(shù)提升中的作用過于突出，教學(xué)被嚴(yán)重低估)。因此B項不正確。最后一句指出:Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships(這些話都有一定道理，但它們卻也忽視了教學(xué)與研究二者間更深層、更重要的聯(lián)系)。由此可知D項正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。A:研究能提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量。B:樂于挑戰(zhàn)的學(xué)生欣賞研究型的教授。C:很難客觀地評定教學(xué)質(zhì)量。D:在研究方面有成就的教授通常是有責(zé)任心的和吃苦耐勞的。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Inacademicpromotions定位至第三段。文章確實認(rèn)為，教學(xué)和研宂是互相促進的，但并不是在學(xué)術(shù)提升方面，研究型大學(xué)仍然重視研究的原因。因此A項錯誤。第三句指出:Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive(一個有高度責(zé)任感且嚴(yán)厲的教授通常會受到那些想要挑戰(zhàn)的優(yōu)秀學(xué)生的贊賞，但是那些成績不那么令人印象深刻的學(xué)生卻不喜歡他)，由此可知B項以及D項都不是重視研究的原因。第一句以及第二句指出:Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisfussilygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching(大多數(shù)研究型大學(xué)獎勵優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)，但最高的榮譽一般都給予那些研究上有突出成就的教授了。部分原因在于對教學(xué)評定的困難)。由此可知C項正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。A:研究型大學(xué)里著名的教授應(yīng)該只專注于研究，此選項過于片面。B:將教學(xué)與研究分離會降低未來科學(xué)家的質(zhì)量。第四段第二、三句指出:Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“l(fā)ost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels(培養(yǎng)新科學(xué)家需要在研究型大學(xué)和藝術(shù)學(xué)院有出色的教學(xué)。雖然科學(xué)家通常是在小學(xué)里“造”出來的，但在大學(xué)和研究生院的水平上，糟糕的教學(xué)可能會讓科學(xué)家流失)，因此B項正確。C:為了培養(yǎng)新科學(xué)家，提高小學(xué)的教學(xué)至關(guān)重要。此選項過度推斷了第三句。D:現(xiàn)代科技的快速發(fā)展使得教學(xué)和研究不可能結(jié)合。第四句指出:Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital(解決的辦法不是把教學(xué)和研究分開，而是認(rèn)識到兩者的結(jié)合是困難而重要的)。由此可知D項錯誤。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Thetitleofprofessor可定位至第四段:Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators’，orsomethingelse(教授的頭銜應(yīng)該只授予那些從事教授工作的人，也許現(xiàn)在是大學(xué)為那些愿意成為學(xué)者群體中認(rèn)真一員的人保留這個頭銜的時候了。不愿意教書的教授可以被稱為“杰出的研究人員”，或者別的稱呼)。由此可知A項“教學(xué)”正確。

第5題:詞義題。第五段最后一句指出:Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities(那些說我們可以把教學(xué)和研究分開的人根本不了解這個體系，但是那些說這個問題會消失的人并沒有履行他們的職責(zé))。由此可知，theproblem是指“將教學(xué)與研究分離”。

6.單選題

John______betterthantogoswimmingrightaftereating.

問題1選項

A.shallknow

B.shouldn’tknow

C.hasknown

D.shouldhaveknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查謂語動詞。句意：你應(yīng)該知道不能吃完飯就去游泳。根據(jù)John在之前就know剛吃完飯不能游泳，對現(xiàn)在有影響，確定用現(xiàn)在完成時；結(jié)合語境，這里指本來就該知道，加上情態(tài)動詞should后句意通順，D選項shouldhaveknown符合題意。A選項shallknow中shall意思為“將要”，不符合題意。B選項shouldn’tknow不符合題意。因此D選項正確。

7.單選題

Thechemicalformulaofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)isnowwellestablished.Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.Toeachsugarisattachedanitrogenousbase,whichcanbeoffourdifferenttypes.Twoofthepossiblebases—adenineandguanine—arepurines,andtheothertwo—thymineandcytosine—arepyrimidines.Soareasisknown,thesequenceofbasesalongthechainisirregular.Themonomerunit,consistingofphosphate,sugarandbase,isknownasanucleotide.

Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.Thesetwochainsarebothcoiledaroundacommonfiberaxis.Ithasoftenbeenassumedthatsincetherewasonlyonechaininthechemicalformulatherewouldonlybeoneinthestructuralunit.However,thedensity,takenwiththeX-rayevidence,suggestsverystronglythattherearetwo.

Theotherbiologicallyimportantfeatureisthemannerinwhichthetwochainsareheldtogether.Thisisdonebyhydrogenbondsbetweenthebases.Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therecouldnotberoomforit.

Webelievethatthebaseswillbepresentalmostentirelyintheirmostprobableforms.Ifthisistrue,theconditionsforforminghydrogenbondsaremorerestrictive,andtheonlypairsofbasespossibleare:adeninewiththymine,andguaninewithcytosine.Adenine,forexample,canoccuroneitherchain;butwhenitdoes,itspartnerontheotherchainmustalwaysbethymine.

Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.Itfollowsthatinalongmoleculemanydifferentpermutationsarepossible,anditthereforeseemslikelythattheprecisesequenceofbasesisthecodewhichcarriesthegeneticalinformation.Iftheactualorderofthebasesononeofthepairofchainsweregiven,onecouldwritedowntheexactorderofthebasesontheotherone,becauseofthespecificpairing.Thus,onechainis,asifwere,thecomplementoftheother,anditisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.

1.Theauthorsusetheword“backbone”(underlinedin1thand5thparagraphs)toindicatethat（

）.

2.Inthesecondparagraph,whatdotheauthorsclaimtobeafeatureofbiologicalinterest?

3.Basedonthepassage,theauthors’statement“Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therewouldnotberoomforit”(italicized)impliesthatpair

（

）.

4.Theauthors9useofthewords“exact,”“specific,”and“complement”blackenedinthefinalparagraphfunctionsmainlyto（

）.

問題1選項

A.onlyverylongchainsofDNAcanbetakenfromanorganismwithaspinalcolumn

B.themainstructureofachaininaDNAmoleculeiscomposedofrepeatingunits

C.achaininaDNAmoleculeconsistsentirelyofphosphategroupsorofsugars.

D.nitrogenousbasesformthemainstructuralunitofDNA

問題2選項

A.DNAconsistingoftwochains.

B.Thecommonfiberaxis.

C.TheX-rayevidence.

D.ThechemicalformulaofDNA

問題3選項

A.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanthespacebetweenasugarandaphosphategroup

B.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanapairconsistingofapurineandapyrimidine

C.ofpyrimidineswouldbelargerthanapairofpurines

D.consistingofapurineandapyrimidinewouldbelargerthanapairofpyrimidine

問題4選項

A.confirmthatthenucleotidesequencesareknownformostmoleculesofDNA

B.countertheclaimthatthesequencesofbasesalongachaincanoccurinanyorder

C.supporttheclaimthatthephosphate-sugarbackboneoftheauthor’smodeliscompletelyregular

D.emphasizehowonechainofDNAmayserveastemplatetobecopiedduringDNAreplication

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段中Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.DNA分子是一個非常長的鏈條，其支柱由糖和磷酸基有規(guī)律的交替組合構(gòu)成。與第五段中Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.我們?nèi)祟惖腄NA分子模式的磷酸糖支柱完全是有規(guī)律的，不過成對的含氮堿基的任何排序都可以納入該結(jié)構(gòu)?？芍cB選項對應(yīng)。

2.細節(jié)事實題。定位到第二段中的“Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.”在生物學(xué)研究方面我們?nèi)祟怐NA結(jié)構(gòu)令人感興趣的第一個特征是它由兩個鏈條而不是一個鏈條組成?？芍cA項對應(yīng)。

3.判斷推理題。從第三段中“Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.”這些堿基成對地聯(lián)結(jié)在一起，一條鏈上的一個堿基與另一條鏈上的一個堿基氫鍵連接。重要的一點是，只有某些對堿基才能適合這個結(jié)構(gòu)。一對中的一個成員必須是嘌呤，另一個是嘧啶，以架起兩個鏈之間的溝通橋梁。可知B項“由嘌呤和嘧啶組成的比一對嘧啶大”正確。

4.推理判斷題。A項“證實大多數(shù)DNA分子的核苷酸序列是已知的”；B項“反對這樣一種說法，即沿著鏈的堿基序列可以以任何順序出現(xiàn)”；C項“支持作者模型的磷酸鹽-糖骨架是完全規(guī)則的這一說法”；D項“強調(diào)一條DNA鏈?zhǔn)侨绾卧贒NA復(fù)制過程中作為模板被復(fù)制的”定位到最后一段中“...itisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.正是這種特征表明脫氧核糖核酸分子（DNA）可以自我復(fù)制?！笨芍狣項正確。

8.單選題

Theboycyclinginthestreetwasknockeddownbyaminibusandreceived（）injuries.

問題1選項

A.fatal

B.excessive

C.disastrous

D.exaggerated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在街上，騎車的男孩被一輛小型客車撞倒，生命垂危。

考查形容詞辨析。fatal致命的，災(zāi)難性的，重大的，決定性的。excessive極度的，過分的;disastrous災(zāi)難性的，損失慘重的;exaggerate夸大的，言過其實的。就前面句意“騎車的男孩被一輛小型客車撞倒”可知A正確。

9.單選題

TheprominentBritishsurgeonJosephListerpioneeredtheuseofcarbolicacidto______surgicalinstruments,suturesandwounddressing,therebypreventinginfectionofwounds.

問題1選項

A.obviate

B.desolate

C.mandate

D.sterilize

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項obviate“排除，避免，消除”，B項desolate“使荒涼，使孤寂”，C項mandate“授權(quán)，托管”，D項sterilize“消毒，殺菌，使成不毛”。根據(jù)therebypreventinginfectionofwounds“從而防止傷口感染”可知，sterilize符合語境。句意：著名的英國外科醫(yī)生JosephLister率先使用石炭酸消毒手術(shù)器械、縫合線和傷口敷料，從而防止傷口感染。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

10.單選題

AIDSactivistspermanentlychangedandshortenedAmerica’s（

）processfortestingandapprovingnewdrugsofallkinds,foralldiseases.

問題1選項

A.efficient

B.stagnant

C.complex

D.appropriate

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滯的，不景氣的；complex復(fù)雜的，合成的；appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)摹＞湟猓喊滩』顒尤耸坑谰眯缘馗淖儾⒖s短了美國測試和批準(zhǔn)用于治療各種疾病的各種新藥的復(fù)雜過程。選項C符合句意。

11.單選題

Withtheburgeoningofscientificknowledge,workontheneweditionofatextbookbeginssoonaftercompletionoftheoriginal.

問題1選項

A.emerging

B.culminating

C.limiting

D.developing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意：隨著科學(xué)知識的迅速發(fā)展，在原教科書完成后不久，就開始編寫新版本的教科書。A選項emerging“走向成熟的，新興的”；B選項culminating“達到頂點，告終”；C選項limiting“限制的，局限的”；D選項developing“發(fā)展中的”。burgeoning意為“迅速發(fā)展的，繁榮的”，選項A與之意思最為相近，代入符合語境。

12.單選題

PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.IncriticizingObamafortakingtoomuchtime,MikeRogers,theRepublicanchairmanoftheHouseIntelligenceCommittee,told“FoxNewsSunday”that“this‘don’t-do-stupid-stuff”policyisn’tworking.”Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?

First,experience.After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.Wewereinahurry,myselfincluded,tochangethingsafter9/11,andwhenyou’reinahurryyouignorecomplexitiesthatcomebacktohauntyoulater.

TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact,ala9/11,andrushoffagainwithoutastrategy.TheIslamicStateisawful,butitisnotathreattoAmerica’shomeland.

Second,thecontext.TodefeattheIslamicState,youhavetoaddressthecontextoutofwhichitemerged.AndthatisthethreecivilwarsragingintheArabworldtoday:thecivilwarwithinSunniIslambetweenradicaljihadistsandmoderatemainstreamSunniMuslimsandregimes;thecivilwaracrosstheregionbetweenSunnisfundedbySaudiArabiaandShiitesfundedbyIran;andthecivilwarbetweenSunnijihadistsandallotherminoritiesintheregion:Yazidis,Turkmen,Kurds,Christians,JewsandAlawites.

Whenyouhavearegionbesetbythatmanycivilwarsatonce,itmeansthereisnocenter,onlysides.Andwhenyouinterveneinthemiddleofaregionwithnocenter,youveryquicklybecomeaside./r