考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川汽車職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川汽車職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

TheeasternpartofAustraliais（）inclimatetothatofthewesternpart.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.productive

B.superior

C.prosperous

D.splendid

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)productive“多產(chǎn)的”；B選項(xiàng)superior“優(yōu)越的，上級(jí)的”；C選項(xiàng)prosperous“繁榮的，興旺的”；D選項(xiàng)splendid“輝煌的，燦爛的”。句意：澳大利亞?wèn)|部的氣候比西部的氣候好。本句有一個(gè)比較關(guān)系，besuperiorto“比……好，優(yōu)于……”，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Itisimportantthatanundergraduate（）agradepointaverageofBinhismajorfield.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.maintains

B.maintain

C.willmaintain

D.shallmaintain

【答案】B

【解析】Itis+adj.+that從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)為should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid-1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessesheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1910s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patient’sfightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingdaytodaycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

1.Whichofthefollowinghappenedinmentalinstitutionsaftereconomicdepression?

2.Itcanbeinferredthat,hadtheCivilRightsmovementnotpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whoisresponsibleforsurveillanceofgoodpatientcare?

5.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patientsbecameinflexibleandinsensitive.

B.Fewerpatientsledtoshortageoffundsandinhumanecare.

C.Morepatientswerereluctanttogethelpfromphysicians.

D.Patientsweredisappointedtoliveinasylums.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.stateswouldneverhaveestablishedasylumsforthementallyill

B.newtreatmentsformajormentalillnesswouldhavelikelyremaineduntested

C.theCivilRightsmovementinAmericawouldhavebeenpoliticallyineffective

D.conditionsinmentalhospitalsmighthaveescapedjudicialscrutiny

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.agroupofyoungangrymeninthe1900s

B.activeyounglawyersinthe1910s

C.innocentinsanepatient’sprotest

D.powerfulcourtinterventions

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thestatecourts.

B.Thepublicinterestlawyers.

C.Thestatementalhealthadministrators.

D.Thehospitals.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformentalillness

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.精神病院變得人滿為患，像監(jiān)獄一樣?！焙汀癕entalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.精神病院成了令人恐懼和沮喪的地方，病人的權(quán)利幾乎被遺忘。”可知D項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“病人變得僵硬和麻木”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“病人減少導(dǎo)致資金短缺和不人道的護(hù)理”，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“更多的病人不愿意得到醫(yī)生的幫助”，與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“病人住在精神病院里很失望”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第二段中“Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.當(dāng)時(shí)，民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)促使律師們調(diào)查美國(guó)的監(jiān)獄，那里的黑人比例不成比例，他們轉(zhuǎn)而跟蹤囚犯進(jìn)入唯一比監(jiān)獄更糟糕的機(jī)構(gòu)——精神病罪犯醫(yī)院?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“國(guó)家將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)為精神病人建立精神病院”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“針對(duì)主要精神病的新治療將可能仍然未被檢驗(yàn)”，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“美國(guó)的民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)在政治上是無(wú)效的，與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“精神病院的條件可能逃脫了司法審查”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第二段中“Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.當(dāng)時(shí)，民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)促使律師們調(diào)查美國(guó)的監(jiān)獄，因?yàn)槟抢锏暮谌吮壤怀杀壤?，他們轉(zhuǎn)而跟蹤囚犯進(jìn)入唯一比監(jiān)獄更糟糕的機(jī)構(gòu)——精神病罪犯醫(yī)院?！焙汀癟heyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.這些年輕的公益律師骨干喜歡他們?cè)诰癫≡旱慕巧??！笨芍狟項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)一群憤怒的年輕人”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)10年代活躍的年輕律師”；C項(xiàng)“無(wú)辜的精神病患者的抗議”，與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)大的法院干預(yù)”，與原文不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章最后一段中“...administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.……管理人員必須承諾制定規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并提供培訓(xùn)和監(jiān)督，以確保給予治療和尊重患者的權(quán)利?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“州法院”；B項(xiàng)“公益律師”；C項(xiàng)“國(guó)家精神衛(wèi)生行政人員管理員”；D項(xiàng)“醫(yī)院”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。全文主要講述了美國(guó)對(duì)于精神患者治療的發(fā)展進(jìn)程，可知A項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“提供精神衛(wèi)生保健問(wèn)題的歷史視角”；B項(xiàng)“提高公眾對(duì)精神病患者困境的認(rèn)識(shí)”；C項(xiàng)“對(duì)精神病院的生動(dòng)描述使讀者震驚”；D項(xiàng)“描述一種新的精神疾病治療方法的發(fā)明”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thatwouldcauseanoutcryandaddseveralpercentagepointstoinflation,andcouldeasilycheckspendingand（）therecoveryinitscradle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impel

B.stage

C.strangle

D.invigorate

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。impel“趨使，推動(dòng)”；stage“籌劃，舉行”；strangle“絞殺，使窒息”；invigorate“鼓舞”。句意：這將引起強(qiáng)烈的抗議，并且使通貨膨脹增加幾個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，而且會(huì)控制消費(fèi)，使復(fù)蘇在搖籃中就被扼殺。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Tendaysagotheyoungmaninformedhisbossofhisintentionto______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resign

B.reject

C.retreat

D.replace

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.resign辭職，辭去（某職務(wù)）B.reject拒絕接受；不予考慮

C.retreat退卻；撤退D.replace代替，取代

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息informedhisboss（通知了他的老板）可推知，空格處表示“辭職”符合句意，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】10天前，這個(gè)年輕人告訴他的老板他打算辭職。

6.單選題

Becauseofalltheattentionwearegivingtoour"bigideas",wemaystartto（）someoftheotherthingsinlifethatareimportant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.losetouchwith

B.getintouchwith

C.loseourtouchwith

D.keepintouchwith

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。losetouchwith“與失去聯(lián)系（或接觸）”；getintouchwith“與聯(lián)系”；keepintouchwith“與保持聯(lián)系”；沒(méi)有搭配loseourtouchwith，選項(xiàng)C排除。句意：由于我們所有的注意力都集中在我們的“大想法”上，所以我們開(kāi)始很難接觸到生活中其他重要的事情。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Ananonymousletter_______policetothepossibilityofaterroristattackattheairport.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.imposed

B.alerted

C.warned

D.informed

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.imposed使（別人）接受自己的意見(jiàn)B.alerted向……報(bào)警，使警惕，使戒備（警告某人危險(xiǎn)或緊急情況）

C.warned提醒注意（可能發(fā)生的事），使警惕（以便于避免某事，尤指可能發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)或不愉快的事情）D.informed知會(huì)，通知（尤指以官方的方式告訴某人某事）

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】橫線處和police構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系，指的是有人匿名向警察報(bào)警，說(shuō)可能會(huì)有人襲擊機(jī)場(chǎng)，alerted符合語(yǔ)境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】一封匿名信提醒警方注意機(jī)場(chǎng)可能會(huì)發(fā)生恐怖襲擊。

8.單選題

Althoughheisveryrich,hisundutifulchildrenarethe______ofhislife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.torch

B.torment

C.topic

D.topper

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)torch“火把、火炬”；B項(xiàng)torment“折磨、痛苦”；C項(xiàng)topic“主題”；D項(xiàng)topper“第一流人物、大禮帽”；句意：雖然他很有錢，但他那些不孝順的孩子是他生活中的折磨。因此該題B項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

YoucanarriveinLondonearlierforthemeeting（）youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.provided

B.unless

C.though

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)provided“假如，倘若”；B選項(xiàng)unless“除非”；C選項(xiàng)though“盡管”；D選項(xiàng)until“直到”。根據(jù)句意：如果你不介意坐晚上的火車，那么你可以早點(diǎn)到達(dá)倫敦開(kāi)會(huì)。后者是前者的條件，所以填入表示條件的連詞provided,選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.單選題

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyance

B.offence

C.resentment

D.irritation

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。takeoffenceatsth.,意為“對(duì)某事生氣”。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.單選題

Fromhisdirections,itshouldn'tbedifficultto（

）thebeachhouseinthemap,eventhoughyouhaveneverbeentherebefore.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.determine

B.locate

C.unearth

D.ascertain

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。determine“確定某事物，決定”；locate“找出;使坐落于”；unearth“發(fā)掘，掘出”；ascertain“確定，查明”。句意：根據(jù)他的指示，你不難在地圖上找到那棟海濱別墅的地點(diǎn)，即使你從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)那個(gè)地方。

12.單選題

Justastheauthor’sbookoneelsisoftenakeytextforcoursesinmarinevertebratezoology,theirideasonanimaldevelopmentandphylogeny（）teachinginthisarea.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevent

B.defy

C.replicate

D.inform

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prevent“預(yù)防，防止；阻止；妨礙，阻止”；B選項(xiàng)defy“藐視；公然反抗；挑釁；使落空”；C選項(xiàng)replicate“復(fù)制；折疊；重復(fù)；折轉(zhuǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)inform“通知；告訴；報(bào)告；告發(fā)；告密”。句意：就像作者關(guān)于鰻魚(yú)的書(shū)經(jīng)常是海洋脊椎動(dòng)物學(xué)課程的關(guān)鍵文本一樣，他們關(guān)于動(dòng)物發(fā)展和系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的觀點(diǎn)也影響著這一領(lǐng)域的教學(xué)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thekidsarehangingout.Ipasssmallbandsofstudents,inmywaytoworkthesemornings.Theyhavebecomeafamiliarpartofthesummerlandscape.Thesekidsarenotoldenoughforjobs.Noraretheyrichenoughforcamp.Theyareschoolchildrenwithoutschool.Thecalendarcalledtheschoolyearranoutonthemafewweeksago.Oncesupervisedbyteachersandprincipals,theynowappeartobein"selfcare".

Passingthemislikepassingthroughatimezone.Formuchofourhistory,afterall,Americansarrangedtheschoolyeararoundtheneedsofworkandfamily.In19th-centurycities,schoolswereopensevenoreighthoursaday,11monthsayear.InruralAmerica,theyearwasarrangedaroundthegrowingseason.Now,only3percentoffamiliesfollowtheagriculturalmodel,butnearlyallschoolsarescheduledasifourchildrenwenthomeearlytomilkthecowsandtookmonthsofftoworkthecrops.Now,three-quartersofthemothersofschool-agechildrenwork,butthecalendariswrittenasiftheywerehomewaitingfortheschoolbus.

Thesix-hourday,the180-dayschoolyearisregardedassomethingholy.Butwhenparentsworkaneight-hourdayanda240-dayyear,somethingdifferent.Itmeansthatmanykidsgohometoemptyhouses.Itmeansthat,inthesummer,theyhangout.

“Wehaveahugemismatchbetweentheschoolcalendarandrealitiesoffamilylife.”saysDr.ErnestBoyer,headoftheCarnegieFoundationfortheAdvancementofTeaching.

Dr.Boyerisoneofmanywhobelievethataradicalrevisionoftheschoolcalendarisinevitable.“School,whetherwelikeitornot,iseducational.Italwayshasbeen.”

Hisisnotpopularidea.Schoolsareroutinelyburdenedwiththejobofsolvingalloursocialproblems.Cantheybeaskedtomeettheneedsofourworkandfamilylives?

Inmaybeeasiertopromotealongerschoolyearonitseducationalmeritsand,indeed,theeducationalcaseiscompelling.Despitethecomplaintsandstudiesaboutourkids'lackoflearning,theUnitedStatestillhasashorterschoolyearthananyindustrialnation.InmostofEurope,theschoolyearis220days.InJapan,itis240dayslong.Whileclassroomtimealonedoesn'tproduceawell-educatedchild,learningtakestimeandmorelearningtakesmoretime.Thelongsummersofforgettingtakeatoll.

Theoppositiontoalongerschoolyearcomesfromfamiliesthatwanttoandcanprovideotherexperiencesfortheirchildren.Itcomesfromteachers.Itcomesfromtradition.Andsurelyfromkids.Butthemostimportantpartoftheconflicthasbeenoverthemoney.

1.Whichofthefollowingisanopinionoftheauthor's?

2.ThecurrentAmericanschoolcalendarwasdevelopedinthe19thcenturyaccordingto（

）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatthecurrentschoolcalendar

（

）.

4.WhywasDr.Boyer'sideaunpopular?

5.Themainpurposeofthepassageis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.“Thekidsarehangingout.”

B.“Theyareschoolchildrenwithoutschool.”

C.“Thesekidsarenotoldenoughforjobs.”

D.“Thecalendarcalledtheschoolyearranoutonthemafewweeksago.”

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegrowingseasononnation'sfarm

B.thelabordemandsoftheindustrialage

C.teachers'demandsformorevacationtime

D.parents'demandsforotherexperiencesfortheirkids

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isstillvalid

B.isoutofdate

C.cannotberevised

D.cannotbedefended

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hearguesfortheroleofschoolinsolvingsocialproblems

B.Hesupportsthecurrentschoolcalendar

C.Hethinksthatschoolyearandfamilylifeshouldbeconsideredseparately

D.Hestronglybelievesintheeducationalroleofschool

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.todescribehowAmericanchildrenspendtheirsummer

B.toexplaintheneedsofthemodernworkingfamilies

C.todiscusstheproblemsofthecurrentschoolcalendar

D.topersuadeparentstostayathometolookaftertheirkids

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段的描述可知，作者主要想表達(dá)的是孩子們上學(xué)的時(shí)間太短，很多時(shí)間都在外面閑逛。所以選項(xiàng)A是作者的觀點(diǎn)，其他選項(xiàng)都是事實(shí)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段三四句“In19th-centurycities,schoolswereopensevenoreighthoursaday,11monthsayear.InruralAmerica,theyearwasarrangedaroundthegrowingseason.”在19世紀(jì)的城市，學(xué)校每天開(kāi)放7到8小時(shí)，一年11個(gè)月。在美國(guó)農(nóng)村，一年是圍繞著（農(nóng)作物）生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)來(lái)安排的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Now,only3percentoffamiliesfollowtheagriculturalmodel,”現(xiàn)在，只有3%的家庭遵循農(nóng)業(yè)模式。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)有的上學(xué)時(shí)間安排已經(jīng)不適用于現(xiàn)在的情況，也就是已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容，他(Dr.Boyer)的想法不受歡迎。學(xué)校通常肩負(fù)著解決我們所有社會(huì)問(wèn)題的重?fù)?dān)。它們能滿足我們工作和家庭生活的需要嗎？由此可知，Dr.Boyer的想法不受歡迎的原因是他堅(jiān)信學(xué)校的教育作用，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是當(dāng)前上學(xué)時(shí)間安排存在的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)C最能概括全文。

14.翻譯題

Itisacommonprobleminthenon-familyownedprivatelimitedcompany:shareholder/directorwantstoretireorleavethebusiness,butoneormoreofhisfellowshareholders/directorswanttocontinue.1.Itiseasyenoughforadirectortoretire,butthelikelihoodisthathewillwanttocashinonhisshareswhichhaveaccumulatedsomevalueovertheperiodofhisparticipationinthebusiness.Frequently,though,hisfellowshareholder/director(s)donothavethefinancialresourcestoacquirethesharesattheirmarketvalue.Awidevarietyofoptionsexist,butpurchaseofownsharesbythecompanyisoneofthemostuseful.

Purchaseofownsharesisexactlywhatsaysitis:thecompanyacquiresthesharesfromtheshareholders.Inprinciple,itisasimpleconceptbutonewhichiscoveredbyanumberofveryimportantlegislativeprovisions,bothincompanyandtaxlaw.2.Althoughatfirstsightthelegislationappearstoobstructwhatmightotherwisebeasimpleprocess,itactuallyexisttofacilitatethepurchase,whileprotectingthecreditors(sofarascompanylawisconcerned).Infact,theprovisionaretoonumeroustocoverindetailinafewwordsandthisarticleisdesignedtooutlinetherules,regulationsandoptions.

3.Itwasalwaysthecasethatacompanycouldnotacquireitsownshares,becauseindoingsoitwasobtainingownershipofitself,whichiscontrarytothemostfundamentallegalprinciplessurroundingthenatureandexistenceofcompanies.TheCompanyAct1981changedallthatandtheprovisionsitintroducedarenowincorporatedintotheCompanyAct1985.

4.Inessence,providedacompanyispermittedtodosobyitsMemorandumandArticlesofAssociation,anycompanycannowacquireitsownshares(subjecttotherebeingatleastoneleft).Becausepurchaseofownsharesisarelativelyrecentinnovation,manycompanies’MemorandumandArticlesofAssociationdonotcontainthisprovisionbutappropriateprovisionscanbeincludedbySpecialResolution,requiringa75%majority.

5.Althoughthepurchasemustnormallybemadeoutoftheproceedsofafreshissueofsharesandorofdistributableprofits,importantprovisionexistforprivatecompaniestomakethepurchaseoutofcapital.Ifdistributableprofitsareinsufficientthen,providedthecompanyissolventaftertheredemptionandisbelievedbydirectorstobegoingconcernforafurtheryear,thenthepurchasecangoahead.

【答案】1.對(duì)一個(gè)董事來(lái)說(shuō)，只是想退休很容易，但他可能想要將他在參與公司經(jīng)營(yíng)期間積累了一定價(jià)值的股份變現(xiàn)。

2.雖然乍一看，這項(xiàng)立法似乎阻礙了原本可能簡(jiǎn)單的程序，但它實(shí)際上是為了在促進(jìn)購(gòu)買的同時(shí)保護(hù)債權(quán)人（就公司法而言）的權(quán)利。

3.通常情況下，一個(gè)公司不能購(gòu)買自己的股份，因?yàn)檫@樣做是獲得自己的所有權(quán)，這違反了關(guān)于公司的性質(zhì)和存在的最基本的法律原則。

4.從本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō)，只要一家公司的組織大綱和章程允許它這樣做，任何公司現(xiàn)在都可以收購(gòu)自己的股份（前提是至少還有一股剩下）。

5.盡管這種購(gòu)買通常必須用新發(fā)行的股票和（或）可分配利潤(rùn)的收益進(jìn)行，但對(duì)私營(yíng)公司來(lái)說(shuō)，也存在可以用資本購(gòu)買的重要規(guī)定。

15.單選題

Usuallyalternatingcurrent(AC)transmissionsufferslowerlossesthandirectcurrent(DC),andthus,ACbecametheindustrystandard.Somepeople,however,questionthatstandardbecauseoverlongdistanceshigh-voltageDClinessufferlowerlossesthanAC.Notonlydoesthatmakethembetterintheirownright,butemployingthemwouldallowelectricitygridstoberestructuredinwaysthatwouldmakewindpowermoreattractive.Thatwouldreducetheneedfornewconventional(andpolluting)powerstations.

Windpowerhassomeproblems.Youdon’talwaysgetitwhereyouwantitandyoudon’talwaysgetitwhenyouwantit.Thequestionofwherethewindisblowingwouldnolongermatterbecauseitisalmostalwaysblowingsomewhere.IfitwerewindyinSpainbutnotinIreland,currentwouldflowinonedirection.Dealingwithwhenthewindblowsisasubtlerissue.Forinstance,animportantpartofDrSchmid’scontinentalgridisthebranchtoNorway.ItisnotthatNorwayisahugeconsumer.Rather,thecountryiswellsuppliedwithhydroelectricplants.Theseareoneofthefewwaysthatenergyfromtransientsourceslikethewindcanbestoredingrid-fillingquantities.Thepowerisusedtopumpwaterupintothereservoirsthatfeedthehydroelectricturbines.Thatwayitisontapwhenneeded.Thecapacityof“Norway’sreservoirsissolarge,accordingtoDrSchmid,thatshouldthewinddropalloverEurope—whichdoeshappenonrareoccasions—thehydroplantscouldspringintoactionandfillinthegapforuptofourweeks.

Putlikethis,aEurope-widegridseemsanobviousidea.ThatithasnotyetbeenbuiltisbecauseACpowerlineswouldlosetoomuchpoweroversuchlargedistances.HencetherenewedinterestinDC.DrSchmidcalculatesthataDCgridofthesortheenvisageswouldallowwindtosupplyatleast30%ofthepowerneededinEurope.Moreover,itcoulddosoreliably—andthatmeanswindpowercouldbeusedforwhatisknowninthejargonasbase-loadpowersupply.

Thoughwindpowerhasitsopponents,too,itsenvironmentalvirtuesmightbeenoughtoswingthingsinitsfavorifitwerealsoreliable.Indeed,agroupofNorwegiancompanieshavealreadystartedbuildinghigh-voltageDClinesbetweenScandinavia,theNetherlandsandGermany,thoughtheseareintendedasmuchtosellthecountry’spowerastoaccumulateotherpeople’s.AndAirtricity—anIrishwind-powercompany—plansevenmoreofthem.ItproposeswhatitcallsaSupergrid.ThiswouldlinkoffshorewindfarmsintheAtlanticOceanandtheIrish,NorthandBalticseaswithcustomersthroughoutnorthernEurope.

51.Bysaying“makethembetterintheirownright”(Paragraph1),theauthormeans______.

52.By“currentwouldflowinonedirection”(Paragraph2),theauthorisactuallyreferringto______.

53.HowwillconsumersthinkofaDCelectricitygrid?

54.WhydoesDrSchmid’scontinentalgridlocateinNorway?

55.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.realizetherightofDC

B.makeDCsufferlowerlosses

C.makeDCmoreusefulthanAC

D.makebetteruseofDCtotransferpower

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.currentflowsfromSpaintoIreland

B.currentflowsfromIrelandtoSpain

C.currentflowsfromIrelandtootherplaces

D.currentflowsfromSpaintootherplaces

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Useless

B.Feasible

C.Troublesome

D.Comfortable

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tomakeuseofthecountry’scapacityofreservoirs.

B.Tomakeuseofthecountry’srichwindpower.

C.ItissimplyDrSchmid’spersonalpreference.

D.BecausetraditionalpowerplantsinNorwaycannotmeetconsumers’demand.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Windpowerhaswonuniversalsupport.

B.Companieshesitatetoinvestinwindpower.

C.Theprospectofwindpowersofarseemsverypositive.

D.WindfarmsonoceanscansupplypowerdemandofthewholeEuropeinthefuture.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】51.推理判斷題。題干意思是“第一段通過(guò)說(shuō)‘makethembetterintheirownright’，作者的意思是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的第一段第三句Notonlydoesthatmakethembetterintheirownright…（這不僅使高壓直流電本身更好……），通過(guò)該句的前一句becauseoverlongdistanceshigh-voltageDClinessufferlowerlossesthanAC（因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)距離高壓直流線路比交流線路損耗?。┛芍?，作者說(shuō)這句話的意思是指由于高壓直流電纜損失的電量比交流電纜少，通過(guò)這個(gè)方法能夠更加充分利用直流電來(lái)傳輸電能；所以D項(xiàng)“更好地利用直流來(lái)傳遞功率”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“實(shí)現(xiàn)直流電的使用”表述不夠全面；B項(xiàng)“使直流電損耗更低”不符合題意，這是利用直流電傳輸電能原因，而不是使用直流電的目的；C項(xiàng)“使直流電比交流電更有用”，表述太籠統(tǒng)，不夠具體。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

52.推理判斷題。題干意思是“第二段說(shuō)‘電流將流向一個(gè)方向’，作者實(shí)際上是指……”。第二段第四句提到IfitwerewindyinSpainbutnotinIreland,currentwouldflowinonedirection.（如果西班牙有風(fēng)，而愛(ài)爾蘭沒(méi)有，電流就會(huì)朝一個(gè)方向流動(dòng)），這句話是對(duì)上一句Thequestionofwherethewindisblowingwouldnolongermatterbecauseitisalmostalwaysblowingsomewhere.（風(fēng)吹向哪里的問(wèn)題將不再重要，因?yàn)樗鼛缀蹩偸谴迪蚰硞€(gè)地方）而進(jìn)行的說(shuō)明；即如果西班牙有風(fēng)而愛(ài)爾蘭沒(méi)有風(fēng)，那么只要把電流從西班牙往愛(ài)爾蘭方向傳送就可以了，所以A項(xiàng)“電流從西班牙流向愛(ài)爾蘭”正確。B項(xiàng)“電流從愛(ài)爾蘭流向西班牙”錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“電流從愛(ài)爾蘭流向其他地方”和D項(xiàng)“電流從西班牙流向其他地方”表述也都不正確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

53.推理判斷題。題干意思是“消費(fèi)者將如何看待直流電網(wǎng)？”。文章第三段指出建設(shè)直流電網(wǎng)可以節(jié)約在傳輸過(guò)程中浪費(fèi)的電能，從第三段前幾句Putlikethis,aEurope-widegridseemsanobviousidea.ThatithasnotyetbeenbuiltisbecauseACpowerlineswouldlosetoomuchpoweroversuchlargedistances.HencetherenewedinterestinDC.（這樣看來(lái)，建立一個(gè)覆蓋整個(gè)歐洲的電網(wǎng)似乎是一個(gè)顯而易見(jiàn)的主意；之所以還沒(méi)有建成，是因?yàn)榻涣麟娋€路在這么長(zhǎng)的距離上會(huì)損失太多的電力；因此，人們對(duì)直流電重新產(chǎn)生了興趣）可以推斷，人們對(duì)直流電網(wǎng)的態(tài)度是“可行的”，所以B項(xiàng)“可行”正確。A項(xiàng)“無(wú)用”、C項(xiàng)“麻煩”和D項(xiàng)“舒適”都不符合原文意思。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

54.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為什么施密德博士的大陸網(wǎng)格位于挪威？”。第二段提到Forinstance,animportantpartofDrSchmid’scontinentalgridisthebranchtoNorway.ItisnotthatNorwayisahugeconsumer.Rather,thecountryiswellsuppliedwithhydroelectricplants.（例如，施密德博士的大陸電網(wǎng)的一個(gè)重要組成部分就位于挪威；這并不是說(shuō)挪威是一個(gè)電能消耗巨大的國(guó)家；相反，這個(gè)國(guó)家擁有充足的水力發(fā)電站），由此可知，施密德博士的大陸網(wǎng)格位于挪威的原因是因?yàn)榕餐碛凶銐虻乃畮?kù)，所以A項(xiàng)“利用國(guó)家的水庫(kù)容量”正確。B項(xiàng)“充分利用該國(guó)豐富的風(fēng)能”錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“這只是施密德博士的個(gè)人偏好”，文中沒(méi)有相關(guān)信息可以推斷；D項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榕餐膫鹘y(tǒng)發(fā)電廠不能滿足消費(fèi)者的需求”文中沒(méi)有提及相關(guān)信息。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

55.推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)短文，下列哪項(xiàng)是正確的？”。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Thoughwindpowerhasitsopponents,too,itsenvironmentalvirtuesmightbeenoughtoswingthingsinitsfavorifitwerealsoreliable.（雖然風(fēng)能也有其反對(duì)者，但如果它是可靠的，它的環(huán)保優(yōu)點(diǎn)可能足以讓事情朝著有利于它的方向發(fā)展）可以推斷，風(fēng)力發(fā)電的前景是非常樂(lè)觀的，所以C項(xiàng)“到目前為止，風(fēng)力發(fā)電的前景似乎非常樂(lè)觀”正確。A項(xiàng)“風(fēng)能得到了普遍的支持”錯(cuò)誤，最后一段提到了風(fēng)力發(fā)電有反對(duì)者；根據(jù)Indeed,agroupofNorwegiancompanieshavealreadystartedbuildinghigh-voltageDClinesbetweenScandinavia,theNetherlandsandGermany（事實(shí)上，一些挪威公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始在斯堪的納維亞半島、荷蘭和德國(guó)之間建造高壓直流輸電線路）可知B項(xiàng)“公司對(duì)投資風(fēng)力發(fā)電猶豫不決”錯(cuò)誤；最