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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林司法警官職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Theshop-assistantwasstraightwithhiscustomers.Ifanarticlewasof()quality,he’dtellthemso.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.minor
B.humble
C.inferior
D.awkward
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)minor“次要的;較小的”;B選項(xiàng)humble“謙遜的;簡(jiǎn)陋的;低下的”;C選項(xiàng)inferior“差的;自卑的;下級(jí)的”;D選項(xiàng)awkward“尷尬的;笨拙的;棘手的;不合適的”。句意:這位商店售貨員對(duì)顧客很坦率。如果一件商品質(zhì)量差,那么他就會(huì)如實(shí)地告訴他們。根據(jù)句中“quality質(zhì)量”可知“差的”符合語(yǔ)境,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Foramomenthewasspeechless,stilltooastonishedto(
)whatitallmeant,andthenhesatheavilyandleanedforward,puttinghishanddownonthesummonsbutton.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.breakdown
B.searchfor
C.takein
D.seeafter
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。breakdown“分解,故障”;searchfor“搜尋”;takein“吸收,領(lǐng)會(huì)”;seeafter“照顧,照料”。句意為:他一時(shí)說(shuō)不出話來(lái),仍十分驚訝,不知這一切意味著什么。他心事重重地坐了下來(lái),身子向前傾斜,將手放在傳喚按鈕上。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
3.單選題
Whengivinganygeneraloverviewofthedevelopmentanduseofmachinetranslation(MT)systemsandtranslationtools,itisimportanttodistinguishfourbasictypesoftranslationdemand.
Thefirst,andtraditionaltypeofdemandisfortranslationsofaqualitynormallyexpectedfromhumans,i.e.translationsofpublishablequality.ThisillustratestheuseofMTfordissemination.Ithasbeensatisfied,tosomeextent,bymachinetranslationsystemseversincetheywerefirstdevelopedinthe1960s.However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or“controlled”invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.SomeMTsystemshave,however,beendevelopedtodealwithaverynarrowrangeoftextcontentandlanguagestyle,andthesemayrequirelittleornopreparationorrevisionoftexts.
Thesecondbasicdemandisfortranslationsatasomewhatlowerlevelofquality,whichareintendedforuserswhowanttofindouttheessentialcontentofaparticulardocument—andgenerally,asquicklyaspossible.Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.SinceMTsystemsdidnot(andstillcannot)producehighqualitytranslations,someusershavefoundthattheycanextractwhattheyneedtoknowfromtheuneditedoutput.Theywouldratherhavesometranslation,howeverpoor,thannotranslationatall.WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.
Thethirdtypeofdemand—MTforinterchange—comesfromtheneedforimmediatetranslationinordertoconveythebasiccontentofmessages.MTsystemsarefindinga“natural”role,sincetheycanoperatevirtuallyorinfactinreal-timeandon-lineandtherehasbeenlittleobjectiontotheinevitablepoorquality,andareusefulinproducingspokenlanguagetranslations,e.g.fortelephoneconversationsandbusinessnegotiations.Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.
Thefourthareaofapplicationisfortranslationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,informationextraction,databaseaccess,etc.ThisfieldisthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropeatthepresenttime,whichhavetheaimofwideningaccessforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontosourcesofdataandinformationwhateverthesourcelanguage.
1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatinrenderingpublishabletranslationsofliteraryworks,(
).
2.MTsystemswillmakefewerrorsif
(
).
3.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,usersofMTforassimilation
(
).
4.ItcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatwiththeprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems,(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.MTsystems’performanceissatisfactorytoasubstantialdegree
B.littlecouldbedonebyMTsystemsdevelopedsofar
C.MTsystemscandomuchbetterthanhumantranslators
D.considerablerevisiononMTproducedtextsisneeded
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextisstandard
B.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextissimplified
C.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextiscontrolled
D.theoriginaltextdealswithaspecializedsubject
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.aregrowingfastinnumber
B.complainalotaboutitspoorquality
C.cangetlittlefromtheuneditedoutput
D.wouldratherhavenotranslationatall
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.onecancommunicateonthephonewithanotherwhospeaksadifferentlanguage
B.interpreterswillnolongerbeusefulininternationalnegotiationsorconferences
C.itwillbeonlynaturalthatpeoplewillfindlittleneedtolearnaforeignlanguage
D.peoplewillfindnocausetocomplainaboutthequalityoftextsturnedoutbythem
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:A
【解析】1.判斷推理題。第二段說(shuō)到MT系統(tǒng)的問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)在“However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.然而,如果要達(dá)到要求的質(zhì)量,MTsystem所產(chǎn)生翻譯必須由人工譯者進(jìn)行修改或“后期編輯”。有時(shí)這樣的修改可能是實(shí)質(zhì)性的,因此MT系統(tǒng)實(shí)際上是在生成一個(gè)“草稿”翻譯?!闭f(shuō)明MT系統(tǒng)翻譯出來(lái)的成品需要人工修改,D選項(xiàng)“需要對(duì)MT產(chǎn)生的文本進(jìn)行大量修訂”符合題意。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞fewerrors定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or‘controlled’invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.作為一種替代方法,輸入文本可以被正規(guī)化(或在詞匯和句子結(jié)構(gòu)上“受控”),這樣機(jī)器翻譯系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的需要糾正的錯(cuò)誤就很少?!币虼藯l件就是“控制”輸入文本的語(yǔ)言。C選項(xiàng)“原文的語(yǔ)言被控制”符合題意。
3.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞assimilation定位到文章第三段第二句“Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.這一需求——使用MT進(jìn)行同化——在過(guò)去已經(jīng)得到滿足,實(shí)際上,它是最初為傳播應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)的副產(chǎn)品?!弊詈笠痪溲a(bǔ)充說(shuō)到“WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.隨著市場(chǎng)上更便宜的基于pc的系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn),這種類型的使用(使用MT進(jìn)行同化)已經(jīng)迅速而顯著地增長(zhǎng)。”由此可知A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)量正迅速增長(zhǎng)”正確。
4.判斷推理題。題干中的theprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems“MT系統(tǒng)的逐步成熟”,說(shuō)明問(wèn)的是MT系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭,第四段最后一句說(shuō)到“Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.語(yǔ)音識(shí)別與自動(dòng)翻譯的融合問(wèn)題顯然難以解決,但仍在不斷取得進(jìn)展。在未來(lái)——也許還是遙遠(yuǎn)的未來(lái)——我們可以期待在高度受限的領(lǐng)域中實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)音翻譯的在線機(jī)器翻譯系統(tǒng)?!庇纱丝芍磥?lái)的進(jìn)展可能出現(xiàn)在“在線機(jī)器語(yǔ)音翻譯”這方面,對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可得A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人可以通過(guò)電話與另一個(gè)說(shuō)不同語(yǔ)言的人交流”符合文意。
4.單選題
Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)-richandtheinfo-poor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.
Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess…afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.
Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructureincludingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon…werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.
TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.
1.Digitaldivideissomething().
2.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit().
3.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof().
4.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon().
5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsforeigninvestmentseemstobe().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet
B.therichcountriesareresponsiblefor
C.theworldmustguardagainst
D.consideredpositivetoday
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.offerseconomicpotentials
B.canbringforeignfunds
C.cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty
D.connectspeopleallovertheworld
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.providingfinancialsupportoverseas
B.preventingforeigncapital’scontrol
C.buildingindustrialinfrastructure
D.acceptingforeigninvestment
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.howwelldevelopeditiselectronically
B.whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants
C.whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern
D.howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.positive
B.negative
C.indifferent
D.pessimistic
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:數(shù)字鴻溝是_______。通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞“digitaldivide”定位到第一段。第一句是對(duì)“數(shù)字鴻溝”所下的一個(gè)定義。其后作者提到MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago(他和妻子20年前就談到這種隱伏的危險(xiǎn)),這里的loomingdanger指的就是“thedigitaldivide”,即在世界范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生信息富裕和信息貧乏的兩類國(guó)家。當(dāng)時(shí),作者就認(rèn)為前途是樂(lè)觀的,因?yàn)樵缭?0年前就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一些防止產(chǎn)生這種分化的積極因素,只是當(dāng)時(shí)這些因素還不太明顯。同時(shí)定位到第二段,作者提到了“因特網(wǎng)的普及使這種鴻溝正得到縮小”,可見,A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橐蛱鼐W(wǎng)而變得糟糕”與原文意思相反,是錯(cuò)誤的。B選項(xiàng)“富裕國(guó)家應(yīng)該承擔(dān)責(zé)任”,此內(nèi)容文中沒(méi)有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有,所以B選項(xiàng)不正確。D選項(xiàng)“今天被認(rèn)為是積極的”,根據(jù)第二段最后一句AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.(網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及能幫助世界戰(zhàn)勝貧困。),在作者看來(lái),這種鴻溝是不好的現(xiàn)象。D選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法顯然是錯(cuò)誤的,因?yàn)樽髡呔褪且@個(gè)鴻溝。綜上所述,C選項(xiàng)“全世界都要警惕”,是正確的。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:政府重視因特網(wǎng)是因?yàn)樗黖______。通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞“government”“internet”定位到第二段,文中提到AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.(政府之所以大力推廣因特網(wǎng)是出于因特網(wǎng)可能成為消除貧困的最好的工具的考慮)。第三段更是提到“Butithasenormouspotential”(因特網(wǎng)可能具有巨大的潛力)。因此可以判斷A選項(xiàng)“提供很多經(jīng)濟(jì)可能”是正確的。B選項(xiàng)“可以帶來(lái)海外投資”。在第四段ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.(在建設(shè)“第三次浪潮”的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上利用外資越多,你將變得越富裕。)。作者建議貧窮國(guó)家在利用外資方面放棄一些過(guò)時(shí)的偏見—如殖民、侵犯主權(quán)等概念,積極利用外資建立自己的電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,以便充分利用國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供的機(jī)遇,走向富裕。這里的邏輯并不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來(lái)外資,而是利用外資發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程,所以B選項(xiàng)不正確。C選項(xiàng)“能很快消滅世界貧困”。雖然作者提到了國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的利用可能是戰(zhàn)勝貧困的工具,但這僅僅是一種潛在的力量,把這種力量轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)則取決于不同國(guó)家的努力,并沒(méi)有說(shuō)能夠很快消除貧困,C選項(xiàng)不正確。D選項(xiàng)“將世界人民連到一起”。正像上面所分析的,政府關(guān)注國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是因?yàn)樗鼮榻?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展帶來(lái)的巨大潛力,而不僅僅是它將世界連成一片這個(gè)事實(shí),D選項(xiàng)過(guò)于片面。綜上所述,A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
3.作者意圖題。題干:作者提到美國(guó)的案例是為了證明_________政策是對(duì)的。在第四段,美國(guó)和巴西的例子都被作者用以說(shuō)明拋棄過(guò)去的在那種在利用外資上的過(guò)時(shí)的反殖民偏見,提出充分利用外資建立電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的重要性,并且指出,哪個(gè)國(guó)家在建設(shè)“第三次浪潮”的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上利用外資多,哪個(gè)國(guó)家就將變得更富裕。因此可以判斷正確選項(xiàng)是D“接受外國(guó)投資”。A選項(xiàng)“為海外提供資金支持”,把吸收外資的重要性和美國(guó)提供海外資金混淆起來(lái)。B選項(xiàng)“防止外資的控制”,第四段最后兩句指出,利用外資并不意味著繳械或受愚弄,也不意味著放任外國(guó)公司肆意妄為,此說(shuō)法無(wú)法從美國(guó)這個(gè)案例中推斷出來(lái)。C選項(xiàng)“建立工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”。由以上的分析可以看出,本文提到的不是建立“工業(yè)”基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的問(wèn)題。C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在“工業(yè)”這個(gè)概念上。綜上所述,本題的正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。題干:現(xiàn)在,一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)看起來(lái)極大地依賴于_________。文章最后一段提到哪個(gè)國(guó)家在建設(shè)“第三次浪潮”的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上利用外資多,哪個(gè)國(guó)家就將變得更富裕。這里的“第三次浪潮”指的就是“電子基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)”。因此選項(xiàng)A“它的電子發(fā)展程度”是正確的。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,B選項(xiàng)“它是否歧視移民”和D選項(xiàng)“它對(duì)外國(guó)公司的控制有多大”,在文中都沒(méi)有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有,排除。C選項(xiàng)“它是否采用美國(guó)的工業(yè)模式”,再次出現(xiàn)“工業(yè)模式”,因此不正確。綜上所述,本題的正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干:作者對(duì)于外國(guó)投資的態(tài)度是______。文中作者提到,哪個(gè)國(guó)家在建設(shè)“第三次浪潮”的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上利用外資多,哪個(gè)國(guó)家就將變得更富裕。說(shuō)明作者對(duì)外國(guó)投資屬于積極的態(tài)度,選項(xiàng)A“肯定的,積極的”是正確選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“消極的,否定的”,C選項(xiàng)“冷漠的”,和D選項(xiàng)“悲觀的”,均不符合題意。綜上所述,本題的正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
5.單選題
Whileaquarterofmenwashtheircarsonceaweek,fewerthanoneinfivewomencarryoutthe(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.attribute
B.chore
C.repast
D.jargon
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)attribute“屬性,性質(zhì),特征”;B選項(xiàng)chore“日常事務(wù),家務(wù)活”;C選項(xiàng)repast“餐,飯菜”;D選項(xiàng)jargon“行話,黑話,行業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)”。此處是while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,將男性一周洗一次車的人數(shù)與女性做這件事的人數(shù)相對(duì)比,因此選B。句意:四分之一的男性一周洗一次車,而不超過(guò)五分之一的女性做這個(gè)事務(wù)。
6.單選題
AclassactionlawsuithasbeenfiledagainstaprominentTorontodoctorbypatientswhoallegeheinjectedabannedsubstanceintotheirfacesforcosmeticpurposes.Thedoctorhadalreadybeeninvestigatedformorethanthreeyearsforusingtheliquidsilicone,aproductnotauthorizedforuseinCanada.
Somepatientssaytheyarenowsufferinghealthproblemsandthinktheliquidsiliconemaybetoblame.OneofthosepatientsisAnnaBarbiero.ShesaysherTorontodermatologisttoldherhewasusingliquidsiliconetosmoothoutwrinkles.Whatshesayshedidn’ttellheristhatitisn'tapprovedforuseinCanada.“Ididn'tknowwhatliquidsiliconewasandhejustcalleditliquidgold,Barbieroremembers.Afterherlasttreatment,AnnadiscoveredDr.SheldonPollackhadbeenorderedtostopusingthesiliconetwoyearsearlierbyHealthCanada.Expertssaysiliconecanmigratethroughthebody,andcauseinflammationanddeformities.
“Myupperlipisalwaysnumbanditburns”,Barbierosays.Barbieroisspearheading(帶頭)alawsuitagainstthedoctor,whoherlawyerthinksmightinvolveupto100patientsinjectedwiththesamematerial.“Thefact,aphysicianofhisstaturewoulduseanunauthorizedproductonapatientbecausehethoughtitwasokay,isreallyverydisturbing.”sayslawyerDouglasElliott.
Ontario’sCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsisalsoinvestigatingDr.Pollacktoseeif,infact,hecontinuedtousethesiliconeafteragreeingtostopandwhetherhewroteinpatientrecordsthatheusedanotherlegalproductwhenheusedsilicone.However,inalettertotheCollege,Dr.PollackwrotethathehadalwaystoldpatientsthatthesiliconewasnotapprovedforsaleinCanada,andhadwarnedthemoftherisks.AndinBarviero’scase,“atthetimeofherfirstvisit,priortohereverreceivingIGLStreatment,IspecificallyinformedherthatthematerialwasnotapprovedforsaleinCanadabytheHealthProtectionBranchandthatIdidreceivethematerialfromoutsidethecountryIwouldliketoemphasizethat,asisevidentonMs.Barbiero’schart,IdrewaspecificdiagramonthechartwhichIcarefullydiscussedwithandexplainedtoMs.BarbieroasIdidwitheveryotherpatienttoexplainthenatureandlikelihoodofcomplicationsandthereasonsandconsequencesofthosepossiblecomplications.”
Dr.PollackdeclinetospeaktoCTVNews,ortohavehislawyerdiscussthecase.Noneoftheallegationshavebeenprovenincourt.Butthecauseraisesquestionsabouttheabilityofgoverningbodiestomonitordoctors.“There’salargemessageandthatis:buyerbeware,”saysNancyNeilsenofCosmeticSurgeryCanada,It'sincumbent(負(fù)有義務(wù)的)onconsumerstodotheirresearch.”
1.DoctorSheldonPollackwaschargedthat().
2.Whatdoestheword"dermatoIogist"(Line2.Para2)mean?
3.TheinvestigationofOntario'sCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsistofind().
4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
5.Fromtheendingpartofthepassage,wecanconcludethat().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.hehadprescribedwrongmedicineforpatientsbymistake
B.hehadtreatedhispatientswithsomethingillegal,causingbadresult
C.hehadpretendedtobeaprominentsurgeon
D.hehadsoldanunauthorizedproductinlargeamount
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Apersonwhoseworkisfilling,cleaningandtakingoutteeth
B.Apersonwhoseworkisstudyingmentaldiseases
C.Apersonwhoseworkishealingeyediseases
D.Apersonwhoseworkiscuringskindiseases
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.whetherhestillhasillegaltreatmentonhispatients
B.howmanypatientshavebeenabused
C.ifhetoldhispatientsabouttherisk
D.howmuchmoneyhegotfromhisillegaltreatment
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Barbierotookthetreatmentafterbeingtoldtherisk
B.Dr.SheldonPollackstartedhisworkwiththepatients'agreementacceptthepotential
C.Afamousdoctorshouldbeauthorizedtousesomething,hethinksokayonpatients
D.Barbieroissufferingalot
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Barbierowillwinthelawsuit
B.Dr.SheldonPollackwillwinthelawsuit
C.thecaseshavebeendismissed
D.governingbodiestomonitordoctorwillbecharged
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:AclassactionlawsuithasbeenfiledagainstaprominentTorontodoctorbypatientswhoallegeheinjectedabannedsubstanceintotheirfacesforcosmeticpurposes(日前,多倫多一名著名醫(yī)生被患者提起集體訴訟,指控他為美容目的向臉部注射違禁藥物)。第二段指出:Somepatientssaytheyarenowsufferinghealthproblemsandthinktheliquidsiliconemaybetoblame(一些病人說(shuō)他們現(xiàn)在正遭受健康問(wèn)題,并認(rèn)為液體硅膠可能是罪魁禍?zhǔn)祝R虼薆項(xiàng)“他用導(dǎo)致不好結(jié)果的一些不合法東西治療自己的病人”正確。
第2題:詞義題?!癲ermatoIogist”所在句為:ShesaysherTorontodermatologisttoldherhewasusingliquidsiliconetosmoothoutwrinkles(她說(shuō),她在多倫多的…告訴她,他正使用液體硅膠來(lái)去除皺紋)。由此推測(cè),“dermatoIogist”可能表示“工作是治療皮膚病的人”,故選D。
第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:...toseeif,infact,hecontinuedtousethesiliconeafteragreeingtostopandwhetherhewroteinpatientrecordsthatheusedanotherlegalproductwhenheusedsilicone(看看他在同意停止使用硅膠后是否繼續(xù)使用,以及他是否在病人記錄中注明在使用硅膠時(shí)使用了另一種合法產(chǎn)品)。由此可知,A項(xiàng)“是否他仍然在他的病人身上有非法的治療”正確。
第4題:判斷推理題。A:Barbiero在被告知有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)后接受了治療。B:SheldonPollack醫(yī)生在病人同意接受這種可能性后開始了手術(shù)。文章指出:Dr.Pollack和病人Barbiero對(duì)是否告知液態(tài)硅膠的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)各執(zhí)一詞。因此A和B項(xiàng)不正確。C:一個(gè)有名的醫(yī)生應(yīng)該被授權(quán)在病人身上使用他認(rèn)為沒(méi)問(wèn)題的東西。D:Barbiero飽受其害。第三段指出:Thefact,aphysicianofhisstaturewoulduseanunauthorizedproductonapatientbecausehethoughtitwasokay,isreallyverydisturbing(事實(shí)上,像他這樣的醫(yī)生會(huì)在病人身上使用未經(jīng)授權(quán)的產(chǎn)品,因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為這是可以的,這才令人不安)。因此C項(xiàng)不正確,D項(xiàng)正確。
第5題:判斷推理題。A:Barbiero將贏得這場(chǎng)官司。B:SheldonPollack醫(yī)生將贏得這場(chǎng)官司。最后一段指出:Noneoftheallegationshavebeenprovenincourt(迄今所有指控都未經(jīng)法庭認(rèn)證)。因此A跟B項(xiàng)都不正確。C:這些案件已被駁回。D:監(jiān)督醫(yī)生的管理機(jī)構(gòu)將被起訴。最后一段指出:Butthecauseraisesquestionsabouttheabilityofgoverningbodiestomonitordoctors(但是這個(gè)案件引發(fā)了人們對(duì)于政府監(jiān)管部門對(duì)醫(yī)生的監(jiān)督能力的質(zhì)疑)。因此D項(xiàng)不正確,本題選C。
7.單選題
Foreigncurrencycanbeconvertedatthisbank.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.altered
B.changed
C.bought
D.sold
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)altered“改變,改動(dòng)(往往用于法律條文、合同等的修改)”;B選項(xiàng)changed“改變(有變更,變換的意思)”;C選項(xiàng)bought“買”;D選項(xiàng)sold“賣”。句意:這家銀行可以兌換外幣。而兌換外幣一般會(huì)用change,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
8.單選題
Theworld’sgreatestsnow-cappedpeaks,whichruninachainfromtheHimalayastoTianShan(1)theborderofChinaandKyrgyzstan,havelostnoice(2)thelastdecade,newresearchshows.
Thediscoveryhasstunnedscientists,who(3)thataround50bntonsofmeltwater(4)eachyearandnotbeingreplacedbynewsnowfall.
Thestudyisthefirsttosurveyalltheworld’sicecapsandglaciersandwasmade(5)bytheuseofsatellitedata.Overall,thecontributionofmeltingiceoutsidethetwolargestcaps一GreenlandandAntarctica—ismuch(6)thanpreviouslyestimated,withthelackoficelossintheHimalayasandtheotherhighpeaksofAsia(7)mostofthediscrepancy.
BristolUniversityglaciologistProfJonathanBamber,whowasnotpartoftheresearchteam,said,“TheveryunexpectedresultwasthenegligiblemasslossfromhighmountainAsia,whichisnot(8)differentfromzero.”
ThemeltingofHimalayanglacierscaused(9)in2009whenareportfromtheUN’sintergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangemistakenlystatedthattheywoulddisappearby2035,insteadof2350.(10
),thescientistwholedthenewworkisclearthatwhilegreateruncertaintyhasbeendiscoveredinAsia’shighestmountains,themeltingoficecapsandglaciersaroundtheworld(11
)aseriousconcern.
“Ourresultsandthoseofeveryoneelseshowwearelosingahugeamountofwaterintotheoceanseveryyear,”saidProfJohnWahroftheUniversityofColorado.“Peopleshouldbejustasworriedaboutthemeltingoftheworld’siceastheywerebefore.”
Histeam’sstudy,publishedinthejournalNature,concludesthatbetween443-629bntonsofmeltwateroverallareaddedtotheworld’soceanseachyear.Thisis(12
)sealevelbyabout1.5mmayear,theteamreports,(13
)the2mmayearcausedbyexpansionofthewarmingocean.
Thescientistsarecarefultopointoutthatlower-altitudeglaciersintheAsianmountainranges—sometimesdubbedthe“thirdpole”—are(14
)melting.Satelliteimagesandreportsconfirmthis.Butoverthestudyperiodfrom2003-10enoughicewasaddedtothepeaksto(15
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.on
B.in
C.across
D.over
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.from
B.as
C.upon
D.over
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.believed
B.hadbelieved
C.havebelieved
D.werebelieving
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.werebeingshedding
B.wereshedding
C.werebeingshed
D.wereshed
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.impossible
B.possible
C.unavailable
D.available
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.shorter
B.smaller
C.fewer
D.less
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.inchargeof
B.responsiblefor
C.liablefor
D.causedby
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.significantly
B.meaningfully
C.informatively
D.expressively
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.agreement
B.consensus
C.controversy
D.difference
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.Besides
B.Furthermore
C.Despite
D.However
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.resumes
B.remains
C.keeps
D.lasts
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.rising
B.arising
C.raising
D.rearing
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.including
B.addingupto
C.additionally
D.inadditionto
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.definitely
B.necessarily
C.exactly
D.particularly
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.replace
B.refund
C.compensate
D.balance
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:B
第6題:D
第7題:B
第8題:A
第9題:C
第10題:D
第11題:B
第12題:C
第13題:D
第14題:A
第15題:C
【解析】(1)考查固定搭配??崭窈笫莟heborderof,選項(xiàng)中只有on可以與其搭配,表示“在……的邊界”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
(2)考查介詞用法。空格后是thelastdecade,表示時(shí)間,與over搭配時(shí)表示“在過(guò)去的十年內(nèi)”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
(3)考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。本句前部分提到“這一發(fā)現(xiàn)震驚了科學(xué)家”,說(shuō)明這是與科學(xué)家以前的發(fā)現(xiàn)不同。相對(duì)現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間點(diǎn),科學(xué)家以前的動(dòng)作屬于過(guò)去完成。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
(4)考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。根絕選項(xiàng)得知?jiǎng)釉~為shed(流失),空格前的meltwater與shed應(yīng)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。冰雪融化成水流失是不斷進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,因此需要使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
(5)考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意:由于使用了衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù),這項(xiàng)第一次針對(duì)全世界的冰蓋和冰川的研究……。聯(lián)系上下文,覆蓋全球范圍的研究得益于衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù),得以順利進(jìn)行。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。bemadepossible表示“使……稱為可能,使……得以發(fā)生”。
(6)考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意:總的來(lái)說(shuō),外融冰的貢獻(xiàn)最大的兩個(gè)冰蓋一格陵蘭島和南極洲——比先前估計(jì)……的多。聯(lián)系前文提到發(fā)現(xiàn)融冰量并不如科學(xué)家們以為的多,因此空格處應(yīng)填表示量少的否定詞。ice為不可數(shù)名詞,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
(7)考查詞組辨析。inchargeof“負(fù)責(zé),主管”;responsiblefor“為……負(fù)責(zé);是……的緣由”;liablefor“對(duì)……有責(zé)任”;causedby“歸因于”。句意:……沒(méi)有冰川損失的喜馬拉雅山脈和亞洲其他32個(gè)高峰是造成此差異的緣故。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
(8)考查副詞辨析。significantly“顯著地;相當(dāng)數(shù)量地”;meaningfully“有意義地”;informatively“提供消息地”;expressively“表現(xiàn)地;意味深長(zhǎng)地”。前文句意:令人意想不到的結(jié)果是亞洲高山冰川的質(zhì)量損失微不足道。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中的not…different應(yīng)與negligible相符合。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意,表示“與零沒(méi)有顯著的區(qū)別”。
(9)考查名詞辨析。agreement“協(xié)議;同意”;consensus“一致;輿論”;controversy“爭(zhēng)論,辯論”;difference“差異”。本句提到,2009年一份有關(guān)氣候變化的報(bào)告錯(cuò)誤地顯示喜馬拉雅冰川將在2035年而不是2350年消失時(shí),引起了……。由mistakenlystates等字眼可知,此處應(yīng)為引起了爭(zhēng)論,而不是所有人達(dá)成一致意見。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
(10)考查邏輯關(guān)系。前文講述亞洲高山冰川的積雪損失可以忽略不計(jì)這一好的結(jié)果,空格后提到應(yīng)該關(guān)注全世界冰蓋和冰川融化的現(xiàn)象屬于轉(zhuǎn)折。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
(11)考查動(dòng)詞辨析。resume“繼續(xù);恢復(fù)”;remain“保持某狀態(tài),依然”;keep“使……保持某狀態(tài);經(jīng)營(yíng)”;last“持續(xù);維持”。句意:世界各地的冰冠和冰川融化(依然)是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
(12)考查近義動(dòng)詞辨析。本句表示海平面上升,空格后有賓語(yǔ),因此必須填及物動(dòng)詞。在表示“上升”時(shí),rise和arise都是不及物動(dòng)詞,因此排除。rear“養(yǎng)育,撫養(yǎng)”不符合句意。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
(13)考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。including“包含,包括”;adding
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