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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東茂名農(nóng)林科技職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Itwouldbeenormouslyconvenienttohaveasingle,generallyacceptedindexoftheeconomicandsocialwelfareofthepeopleoftheUnitedStates.Aglanceatitwouldtellushowmuchbetterorworseoffwehadbecomeeachyear,andwewouldjudgethedesirabilityofanyproposedactionbyaskingwhetheritwouldraiseorlowerthisindex.Somerecentdiscussionimpliesthatsuchanindexcouldbeconstructed.ArticlesinthepopularpressevencriticizetheGrossNationalProductionbecauseitisnotsuchacompleteindexofwelfare,ignoring,ontheonehand,thatitwasneverintendedtobe,andsuggesting,ontheotherhand,thatwithappropriatechangesitcouldbeconvertedintoone.

Theoutputavailabletosatisfyourwantsandneedsisoneimportantdeterminantofwelfare.Whateverwant,need,orsocialproblemengagesourattention,weordinarilycanmoreeasilyfindresourcestodealwithitwhenoutputislargeandgrowingthanwhenitisnot.GNPmeasuresoutputfairlywell,buttoevaluatewelfarewewouldneedadditionalmeasureswhichwouldbefarmoredifficulttoconstruct.Wewouldneedanindexofrealcostsincurredinproduction,becausewearebetteroffifwegetthesameoutputatlesscost.Useofjustman-hoursforwelfareevaluationwouldunreasonablyimplythattoincreasetotalhoursbyraisingthehoursofeightwomenfrom60to65aweekimposesnomoreburdenthanraisingthehoursofeightmenfrom40to45aweek,oreventhanhiringoneinvoluntarilyunemployedpersonfor40hoursaweek.Ameasureofrealcostsoflaborwouldalsohavetoconsiderworkingconditions.Mostofusspendalmosthalfourwakinghoursonthejobandourwelfareisvitallyaffectedbythecircumstancesinwhichwespendthosehours.

Tomeasurewelfarewewouldneedameasureofchangesintheneedouroutputmustsatisfy.Oneaspect,populationchange,isnowhandledbyconvertingoutputtoapercapitabasisontheassumptionthat,otherthingsequal,twiceasmanypeopleneedtwiceasmanygoodsandservicestobeequallywelloff.Butanindexofneedswouldalsoaccountfordifferencesintherequirementsforlivingasthepopulationbecomesmoreurbanizedandsuburbanized;forthechangesinnationaldefenserequirements;andforchangesintheeffectofweatheronourneeds.Theindexwouldhavetotellusthecostofmeetingourneedsinabaseyearcomparedwiththecostofmeetingthemequallywellunderthecircumstancesprevailingineveryotheryear.

Measuresofneedsshadeintomeasureofthehumanandphysicalenvironmentinwhichwelive.Weallareenormouslyaffectedbythepeoplearoundus.Canwegowherewelikewithoutfearofattack?Wearealsoaffectedbythephysicalenvironment—purityofwaterandair,accessibilityofparklandandotherconditions.Tomeasurethisrequiresaccuratedata,butsuchdataaregenerallydeficient.Moreover,weightingisrequired:tocombinerobberiesandmurdersinacrimeindex;tocombinepollutionofthePotomacandpollutionofLakeErieintoawaterpollutionindex;andthentocombinecrimeandwaterpollutionintosomegeneralindex.Butthereisnobasisforweightingthesebeyondindividualpreference.

Therearefurtherproblems.Tomeasurewelfarewewouldneedanindexofthegoodnessofthedistributionofincome.Thereissurelyconsensusthatgiventhesametotalincomeandoutput,adistributionwithfewerfamiliesinpovertywouldbethebetter,butwhatistheidealdistribution?Evenifwecouldconstructindexesofoutput,realcosts,needs,stateoftheenvironment,wecouldnotcomputeawelfareindexbecausewehavenosystemofweightstocombinethem.

1.Theauthor’sprimaryconcernisto______.

2.Theauthorimpliesthatman-hoursisnotanappropriatemeasureofrealcostbecauseit______.

3.Themostimportantreasonwhyasingleindexofwelfarecannotbedesignedisthat______.

4.AnadequatemeasureofneedmusttakeintoaccountallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

5.Theauthorregardstheideaofageneralindexofwelfareas______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuteargumentsforaposition

B.makeaproposalanddefendit

C.showdefectsinaproposal

D.reviewliteraturerelevanttoaproblem

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ignorestheconditionsunderwhichtheoutputisgenerated

B.failstotakeintoconsiderationtheenvironmentalcostsofproduction

C.isnotaneffectivemethodforreducingunemployment

D.wasneverintendedtobeageneralmeasureofwelfare

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecostassociatedwithproducingtheindexwouldbeprohibitive

B.considerableempiricalresearchwouldhavetobedoneregardingoutputandneeds

C.anyweightingofvariousmeasuresintoageneralindexwouldbeinherentlysubjective

D.accuratestatisticsoncrimeandpollutionarenotyetavailable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.changeeffectsonpeopleoftheweather

B.differencesinneedsofurbanandsuburbanpopulations

C.changingrequirementsforgovernmentalprogramssuchasdefense

D.accessibilityofparklandandotherpremises

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.anunrealisticdream

B.animportantcontribution

C.afuturenecessity

D.adesirablechange

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一句即本文的主旨句“Itwouldbeenormouslyconvenienttohaveasingle,generallyacceptedindexoftheeconomicandsocialwelfareofthepeopleoftheUnitedStates.(如果有一個(gè)單一的、普遍接受的指標(biāo),用以衡量美國人的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會福利,那將是極其方便的。)”,作者在文章中主要分析的是該論點(diǎn)的不可行性,所以A選項(xiàng)“反駁某一立場的論點(diǎn)”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“提出建議并為之辯護(hù)”;C選項(xiàng)“顯示提案中的缺陷”;D選項(xiàng)“回顧與問題相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Wewouldneedanindexofrealcostsincurredinproduction,becausewearebetteroffifwegetthesameoutputatlesscost.Useofjustman-hoursforwelfareevaluationwouldunreasonablyimplythattoincreasetotalhoursbyraisingthehoursofeightwomenfrom60to65aweekimposesnomoreburdenthanraisingthehoursofeightmenfrom40to45aweek,oreventhanhiringoneinvoluntarilyunemployedpersonfor40hoursaweek.Ameasureofrealcostsoflaborwouldalsohavetoconsiderworkingconditions.(我們需要一個(gè)指數(shù),用于測量生產(chǎn)涉及的實(shí)際成本,因?yàn)槿绻覀冇幂^低成本獲取同樣的產(chǎn)值,這說明我們更富有。用工時(shí)來衡量福利狀況是不合理的,這意味著:將8名婦女每周的總工時(shí)從60小時(shí)提高到65小時(shí),與將8個(gè)男人每周的工時(shí)從40小時(shí)提高到45小時(shí),或甚至雇用一個(gè)非自愿失業(yè)的人每周工作40小時(shí),增加的負(fù)擔(dān)是一樣的。要計(jì)算實(shí)際的勞動力成本,還要考慮工作條件。)”由此可知作者認(rèn)為工時(shí)不是衡量實(shí)際成本的適當(dāng)方法,因?yàn)楣ぷ鳁l件也應(yīng)該被考慮到,所以A選項(xiàng)“忽略了輸出生成的條件”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“沒有考慮生產(chǎn)的環(huán)境成本”;C選項(xiàng)“不是減少失業(yè)的有效方法”;D選項(xiàng)“從來不是用來衡量福利的一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Measuresofneedsshadeintomeasureofthehumanandphysicalenvironmentinwhichwelive...Butthereisnobasisforweightingthesebeyondindividualpreference.(測量‘需求’最終會轉(zhuǎn)化為測量我們生活的人類環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境……但是,這些測算結(jié)果除個(gè)人的偏好以外沒有其他基礎(chǔ)。)”由此可知,我們可以分別測量各種指標(biāo),并最終將這些測算結(jié)果合成一個(gè)綜合指標(biāo),但是,作者在本段最后一句指出,這些測算結(jié)果除個(gè)人的偏好以外沒有其他基礎(chǔ),所以C選項(xiàng)“任何將各種衡量方法納入一個(gè)綜合指數(shù)的權(quán)重本身都是主觀的”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“與生產(chǎn)指數(shù)相關(guān)的成本將是令人望而卻步的”;B選項(xiàng)“必須對產(chǎn)出和需求進(jìn)行大量的實(shí)證研究”;D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于犯罪和污染的準(zhǔn)確統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字尚未可用”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Butanindexofneedswouldalsoaccountfordifferencesintherequirementsforlivingasthepopulationbecomesmoreurbanizedandsuburbanized;forthechangesinnationaldefenserequirements;andforchangesintheeffectofweatheronourneeds.(但測量‘需求’要考慮下列因素:隨著人口的城市化和市郊化,人們對生活的不同要求;國防需要的變化;天氣變化對我們的需求的影響。)”,由此可知A選項(xiàng)“天氣變化對人們的影響”;B選項(xiàng)“城市和郊區(qū)人口需求的差異”;C選項(xiàng)“政府項(xiàng)目(如國防)需求的變化”都正確,第四段提到“Wearealsoaffectedbythephysicalenvironment—purityofwaterandair,accessibilityofparklandandotherconditions.Tomeasurethisrequiresaccuratedata,butsuchdataaregenerallydeficient.(我們還受到物理環(huán)境的影響,水和空氣的純度,公園土地的可達(dá)性等條件。要衡量這一點(diǎn)需要準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)據(jù),但這些數(shù)據(jù)通常是不足的。)”,所以D選項(xiàng)“公園用地和其他場所的可達(dá)性”不正確,因此該題應(yīng)選D選項(xiàng)。

5.作者意圖題。最后一段指出“Evenifwecouldconstructindexesofoutput,realcosts,needs,stateoftheenvironment,wecouldnotcomputeawelfareindexbecausewehavenosystemofweightstocombinethem.(即使我們能設(shè)計(jì)出測量產(chǎn)量、實(shí)際成本、需求、環(huán)境狀況的各種指數(shù),我們也計(jì)算不出福利指數(shù),因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)狈Π阉鼈兙C合在一起的權(quán)重體系。)”,由此可知作者認(rèn)為福利總指數(shù)的概念并不能被實(shí)現(xiàn),因此A選項(xiàng)“不切實(shí)際的夢”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“是一項(xiàng)重要貢獻(xiàn)”;C選項(xiàng)“未來的必需品”;D選項(xiàng)“理想的變化”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.問答題

The(A)fantasticachievementsofmoderntechnologyandthespeed(B)withwhichscientificdiscoveriesare(C)translatedintotechnologicalapplications(D)attesttothetriumphofhumanefforts.

【答案】B;“with”改為“at”。

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的驚人成就和科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為技術(shù)應(yīng)用的速度證明了人類努力的勝利。句中“withwhich”引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞“speed”,因?yàn)橛泄潭ù钆洹癮tthespeed”表示“以……的速度”,所以將B項(xiàng)的介詞“with”改為“at”。

3.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

CloningandFinancialCrisisRecently,anearlydecadeoldpaperontheeconomiceffectsofhumancloningbyaFrencheconomicsprofessorhasbeengettingsomeattention.(46)Thepaperarguesthatratherthananarmyoflow-levelclonedworkersorfightersasispredictedinHuxley’sBraveNewWorldorStarWars,cloningwillleadtomoreandmorehigherskilledworkers.That’sbecausethereturnsofcloningpeoplewhocanmakealotofmoneywillbehigherthancloningaverageJoes.Andwhenitcomestocloning,we’reinitforthemoney,justlikeeverythingelse.What’smore,itwillprobablybeonlytherichwhowillbeabletoaffordtoclonethemselvesatthestart.

Theresult,atleastatfirst,willbearapidriseinouralreadydisturbinglevelsofincomeinequality.Cloneswillearnmoreandmoremoney,andthoseofuswhoreproducetheoldfashionwaywilllikelyhavepoorerandpooreroffspring.(47)Recently,BarbaraKiviatwrotetwoessaysonhowincomeinequalitywasamajorcontributortothefinancialcrisis.Soyoudothemath.Ifcloningleadstoincomeinequalityandincomeinequalityleadstofinancialcrises,thenwe’vegotaproblem.Here’swhy:

(48)Oneoftheknocksonfinancialreformisthatitisregulationthroughtherearviewmirror.Lawmakersfocusonstoppingwhatcausedthemostrecentfinancialcrisis.Soafterthetechbubble,newruleswereputintoplacetostopWallStreetfromusinganalyststopushworthlessstocks.ThewayWallStreetdidIPOscameunderscrutiny.AndawholesetofruleswereputinplacetotrytostopaccountingfraudslikeEnron.

(49)Weallknownowthatnoneofthosereformsdidlittletostopthelatestfinancialcrisis,whichwasdrivennotbystocks,butbyhousingprices,laxlendingandunsoundrisktakingbyWallStreet.Sonowweareputtingreformsinplacetoreigninriskybehavioratbanks,andtoregulatethederivativesthatfacilitatebighiddenfinancialbetsandaddconsumerprotectionsthatwilleliminatetheabilitytomakebadloansinthefirstplace.

Allgoodthings.Noneofthatthoughaddressestheobviousrealthingweshouldallbeconcernedaboutwhenitcomestofinancialcrises:HumanCloning.(50)Thepaper,whichwaswrittenbyGillesSaint-Paul,aprofessorattheToulouseSchoolofEconomicsinFrance,hasasurprisingamountofmathforatopicsuchashumancloning,whichtothebestofmyknowledgedoesn’tyetexist.Andithassomeoutthereideas,liketheguessthatsurrogatemothersmightsoonhavesalariesthatmatchWallStreet.Ifclonedbabieshavehigherexpectedincomelevels,thenpeoplewillpaymoreforthemtobemade.Sobirthingacloneequalscha-ching.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.這篇論文認(rèn)為,與赫胥黎在《美麗新世界》或《星球大戰(zhàn)》中預(yù)測的一群低智商克隆工人或一支戰(zhàn)斗的軍隊(duì)不同,克隆將帶來越來越多的高技能熟練工人。

47.最近,芭芭拉?基維亞特寫了兩篇文章,論述收入不平等是如何成為金融危機(jī)的主要促成因素。讓我們來考慮一下。如果克隆導(dǎo)致收入不平等,而收入不平等導(dǎo)致金融危機(jī),那么我們就發(fā)現(xiàn)了問題的癥結(jié)。

48.金融改革受到的批評之一是,這是每次都是通過“后視鏡”進(jìn)行監(jiān)管。議員們的重點(diǎn)是阻止導(dǎo)致最近金融危機(jī)的原因。因此,在科技泡沫破滅后,新的規(guī)則出臺以阻止華爾街利用分析師推銷毫無價(jià)值的股票。

49.我們現(xiàn)在都知道,所有這些改革都對阻止最新的金融危機(jī)收效甚微。這場危機(jī)的驅(qū)動因素不是股市,而是房價(jià)、寬松的貸款和華爾街不健全的冒險(xiǎn)行為。

50.由法國圖盧茲經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院的教授吉勒斯?圣保羅撰寫的這篇論文對克隆人這一課題做了大量研究,據(jù)我所知,克隆人還不存在。

4.問答題

Ambition,(A)asopposedtomerefantasizingaboutdesires,impliesworkanddisciplinetoachievegoals,personalandsocialofakind(B)societycansurvivewithout.Ambition(C)isintimatelyconnectedwithfamily,formenandwomennotonlyworkpartyfortheirfamilies,but(D)harborsomeoftheirmostardentambitionsfortheirchildren.

【答案】B;改成societycannotsurvivewithout。

5.單選題

Althoughwetriedtoconcentrateonthelecture,wewere()bythenoisefromthenextroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distracted

B.displaced

C.dispersed

D.discarded

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。distract“轉(zhuǎn)移,分心”;displace“取代,置換”;disperse“分散,使散開”;discard“拋棄,放棄”。句意:雖然我們努力集中精力聽講座,但隔壁房間的噪音分散了我們的注意力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide—thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthat_21_doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwasless_22_then,however,werethenew,positive_23_thatworkagainstthedigitaldivide._24_,therearereasonstobe_25_.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmore_26_,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential_27_thereare.Moreandmore_28_,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft_29_,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbe—30_together.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewill_31—ratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolfor__32_worldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywayto_33_poverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithas_34_potential.

To_35_advantageofthistool,somepoorcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudices_36_respecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisa/an_37_oftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryof_38_(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.Andthatis_37_America’sSecondWaveinfrastructure—_40_roads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon—werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.divide

B.information

C.world

D.lecture

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.obscure

B.visible

C.invisible

D.indistinct

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.forces

B.obstacles

C.events

D.surprises

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Seriously

B.Entirely

C.Actually

D.Continuously

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.optimistic

C.pleasant

D.disappointed

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.developed

B.centralized

C.realized

D.commercialized

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.users

B.producers

C.customers

D.citizens

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.enterprises

B.government

C.officials

D.customers

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.away

B.for

C.aside

D.behind

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.netted

B.worked

C.put

D.organized

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.decrease

B.narrow

C.neglect

D.low

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.containing

B.preventing

C.keeping

D.combating

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.win

B.detail

C.defeat

D.fear

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.enormous

B.countless

C.numerical

D.big

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.bring

B.keep

C.hold

D.take

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.with

C.of

D.for

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.offence

B.investment

C.invasion

D.insult

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.construction

B.facility

C.infrastructure

D.institution

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.why

B.where

C.when

D.how

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.concerning

B.concluding

C.according

D.including

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:C

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】21.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】句間邏輯題。A選項(xiàng)divide“分歧,差異”;B選項(xiàng)information“信息”;C選項(xiàng)world“世界”;D選項(xiàng)lecture“講座”。句意:然而()存在于今天。主題詞復(fù)現(xiàn),文章主題就是數(shù)字鴻溝,前文已經(jīng)提到過了這就是為什么這里會出現(xiàn)特指代詞that,所以這里選的詞是divide“鴻溝”。

22.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】句間邏輯題。A選項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的”;B選項(xiàng)visible“明顯的”;C選項(xiàng)invisible“無形的”;D選項(xiàng)indistinct“不清楚的”。這里轉(zhuǎn)折詞however這句的內(nèi)容是和上句相對。句意:然而,當(dāng)時(shí)不那么()的是,新的、積極的力量正在消除數(shù)字鴻溝。上句說他和他的妻子早就在20多年前就演講過關(guān)于數(shù)字鴻溝的內(nèi)容,也就是數(shù)字鴻溝這個(gè)問題是比較明顯的,所以這句講的內(nèi)容是那些不那么顯眼的現(xiàn)象,空格處有個(gè)less,所以這里應(yīng)該選的選項(xiàng)是B選項(xiàng)。

23.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】關(guān)聯(lián)上下文題。A選項(xiàng)forces“勢力,武裝力量”;B選項(xiàng)obstacles“障礙物”;C選項(xiàng)events“事件”;D選項(xiàng)surprises“驚喜”。句意:然而,當(dāng)時(shí)不那么明顯的是,新的、積極的()正在消除數(shù)字鴻溝。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)能夠消滅數(shù)字鴻溝的不會是障礙或者事件或者驚喜,所以答案選A。

24.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】句間邏輯題。A選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)真地”;B選項(xiàng)“完全地”;C選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上”;D選項(xiàng)“不斷地”。句意:(),我們有理由()。上文講了數(shù)字鴻溝的現(xiàn)象又講到有種不顯眼的力量在消除數(shù)字鴻溝,所以這句與上文應(yīng)該有種遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,因此這里連接詞應(yīng)該選C,A選項(xiàng)是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

25.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】句間邏輯題。A選項(xiàng)negative“否定的”;B選項(xiàng)optimistic“樂觀的”;C選項(xiàng)pleasant“愉悅的”;D選項(xiàng)disappointed“失望的”。上文講了數(shù)字鴻溝的現(xiàn)象又講到有種不顯眼的力量在消除數(shù)字鴻溝,所以這句與上文應(yīng)該有種遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。所以這里詞意應(yīng)該填B選項(xiàng)。句意:我們有理由樂觀。

26.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】關(guān)聯(lián)上下文題。A選項(xiàng)developed“發(fā)展”;B選項(xiàng)centralized“集中”;C選項(xiàng)realized“實(shí)現(xiàn)”;D選項(xiàng)commercialized“商業(yè)化的”。句意:隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)變得越來越()。根據(jù)下文的theinterestofbusiness(企業(yè)的利益),這里的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該選與商業(yè)有關(guān)的選項(xiàng),這里只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

27.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】句間邏輯題。A選項(xiàng)users“用戶”;B選項(xiàng)producers“生產(chǎn)者”;C選項(xiàng)customers“顧客”;D選項(xiàng)citizens“市民”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞組afterall可知這句與上句存在一個(gè)解釋性關(guān)系。句意:在線的人越多,潛在的()越多。上句是說互聯(lián)網(wǎng)越來越商業(yè)化,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)想把互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及全球。畢竟從企業(yè)的角度上來看,在線的人越多,潛在的客戶越多。這里的角度是從企業(yè)的角度來看的,不是從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的角度來看,而企業(yè)的目的是追求利潤,所以答案不能選A。

28.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】關(guān)聯(lián)上下文題。A選項(xiàng)enterprises“企業(yè)”;B選項(xiàng)government“政府”;C選項(xiàng)officials“官員”;D選項(xiàng)customers“顧客”。句意:越來越多的()擔(dān)心自己的國家會(),希望普及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入。這里根據(jù)句意可知,能夠從國家層面考慮問題的不會是企業(yè)或者消費(fèi)者,所以排除A、D選項(xiàng),上文是從企業(yè)的角度講為什么想要加快互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的傳播,所以這里根據(jù)行文結(jié)構(gòu)來說我們應(yīng)該選B選項(xiàng),如果選C選項(xiàng)的話前面應(yīng)該是從企業(yè)管理者的角度來敘述文章。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】搭配題。A選項(xiàng)away“遠(yuǎn)離”;B選項(xiàng)for“因?yàn)椤?;C選項(xiàng)aside“在……旁邊”;D選項(xiàng)behind“在……后面”。根據(jù)空格前面的關(guān)鍵詞left以及選項(xiàng)可知這里是選left的介詞搭配。句意:越來越多的政府擔(dān)心自己的國家會()。這里根據(jù)固定搭配leftbehind“落后”,所以這里選D選項(xiàng)。

30.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】關(guān)聯(lián)上下文題。A選項(xiàng)netted“賺”;B選項(xiàng)worked“工作”;C選項(xiàng)put“放”;D選項(xiàng)organized“組織”。句意:在一二十年內(nèi),一到兩百萬人(),根據(jù)上文企業(yè)和政府想要加速互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的傳播可知,這里講的是一二十年內(nèi)的這一兩百萬人應(yīng)該是和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)聯(lián)系在一起了,所以答案選A。

31.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】句間邏輯題。A選項(xiàng)decrease“減少”;B選項(xiàng)narrow“縮小”;C選項(xiàng)neglect“忽視”;D選項(xiàng)low“低的”。這里根據(jù)下文的ratherthan可知這句和下句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。句意:因而,我認(rèn)為數(shù)字鴻溝將會(),下文出現(xiàn)了widen“擴(kuò)大”,所以這里空格處應(yīng)該填“縮小”,所以選B選項(xiàng)。

32.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】句間邏輯題。A選項(xiàng)containing“包括”;B選項(xiàng)preventing“阻止”;C選項(xiàng)keeping“維持”;D選項(xiàng)combating“對抗”。從這里關(guān)鍵詞because可知這里與上文的好消息存在著解釋性關(guān)系,句意:這是個(gè)好消息,因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)可能是我們所擁有的最有利的()貧困的工具。對抗世界性貧困才能算是好消息,保持貧困肯定不能算,而貧困這個(gè)問題是已經(jīng)發(fā)生了不能去預(yù)防的,所以答案選D。

33.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】句間邏輯題。A選項(xiàng)win“贏得”;B選項(xiàng)detail“詳述”;C選項(xiàng)defeat“打敗”;D選項(xiàng)fear“害怕”。這里根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞ofcourse可知這句和上句存在著轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。句意:當(dāng)然,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用不是()貧困的唯一辦法。上句講的內(nèi)容是對抗貧困,所以這句貧困前面的單詞也應(yīng)該是對抗,所以答案選C。defeat側(cè)重于打敗敵人獲得勝利的一方;win則側(cè)重于因?yàn)閯倮玫胶锰帲@里根據(jù)語境只能選C。

34.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】句間邏輯題。A選項(xiàng)enormous“巨大的”;B選項(xiàng)countless“無數(shù)的”;C選項(xiàng)numerical“數(shù)字的”;D選項(xiàng)big“大的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞but可知這句和上句存在著轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。句意:但是它有這()潛力。上句內(nèi)容是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不是唯一消滅貧困的方法,這里的空格應(yīng)該是形容潛力大的單詞,所以這里不能選B或者C,這兩個(gè)單詞都是用來形容數(shù)量的,但是潛力難以量化;big一般指體積大或者年齡大,不能選D,所以答案選A。

35.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】句間邏輯題。A選項(xiàng)bring“帶來”;B選項(xiàng)keep“保持”;C選項(xiàng)hold“堅(jiān)持”;D選項(xiàng)take“拿”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞to可知這里與下文存在著目的-方式關(guān)系。句意:為了()這一工具,一些貧困國家將不得不克服他們對外國投資的過時(shí)的反殖民偏見。克服偏見的理由是為了利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)這個(gè)工具,所以這里空格處的詞義是“利用”,這里根據(jù)固定搭配takeadvantageof“利用”,所以答案應(yīng)該選D。

36.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】搭配題。這里根據(jù)空格后的respectto可知這里是考的respect的搭配。句意:為了利用這一工具,一些貧困國家將不得不克服他們對外國投資的過時(shí)的反殖民偏見。根據(jù)固定搭配withrespecttosth“關(guān)于;就……而言”可知這里選B選項(xiàng)。

37.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義銜接題。A選項(xiàng)offence“冒犯”;B選項(xiàng)investment“投資”;C選項(xiàng)invasion“侵害”;D選項(xiàng)insult“侮辱”。句意:那些仍然認(rèn)為外國投資是對其主權(quán)的()的國家可以好好研究一下美國。上文中提到anti-colonialprejudices“反殖民偏見”,這里從句的內(nèi)容就是“反殖民偏見”,歷史上帝國主義國家侵犯過現(xiàn)在的很多不發(fā)達(dá)國家的主權(quán),所以這里選項(xiàng)選C;A、D選項(xiàng)沒有造成實(shí)際上的傷害,不符合題意。

38.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】解釋性關(guān)系題。A選項(xiàng)construction“建設(shè)”;B選項(xiàng)facility“設(shè)施”;C選項(xiàng)infrastructure“基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,公用設(shè)施”;D選項(xiàng)institution“機(jī)構(gòu)”。根據(jù)空格后面的括號可知名詞后面的括號是起對名詞進(jìn)行解釋說明的作用。句意:那些仍然認(rèn)為外國投資是對其主權(quán)的侵犯的國家可以好好研究一下美國的()(一個(gè)社會的基本結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ))的歷史。一個(gè)社會的基本結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)總的來說就是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),所以答案選C選項(xiàng)infrastructure“基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)”。

39.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】句間邏輯題。根據(jù)文章前面一句話說美國沒有錢建造基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,而這句的內(nèi)容說美國的第二次基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施浪潮都是外國投資,兩者之間存在因果關(guān)系,所以答案選A選項(xiàng)。

40.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】句間邏輯題。A選項(xiàng)concerning“有關(guān)的”;B選項(xiàng)concluding“最終的”;C選項(xiàng)according“根據(jù)”;D選項(xiàng)including“包括”。根據(jù)文章關(guān)鍵標(biāo)點(diǎn)破折號可知破折號后面的內(nèi)容是對前面的內(nèi)容起到解釋說明的作用。句意:這就是為什么美國的第二次基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施浪潮——()公路、港口、高速公路、港口等等——都是用外國投資建造的。道路、港口、高速公路都是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的一部分,所以答案選D選項(xiàng)including“包括”。

7.單選題

Wemustallowplentyoftimetogettotheairport——wecan’t()ontheroadbeingclear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.draw

B.capitalize

C.gamble

D.decide

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。draw“畫,拉”;capitalize“估計(jì)…的價(jià)值”;gamble“打賭,冒險(xiǎn)”,gambleon對…打賭;decide“決定”。句意:我們必須保證足夠的時(shí)間到達(dá)機(jī)場——我們不能打賭路上暢通無阻。C項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

Itisalmostacommonplacethatsuccessfulforeignpolicymustgrowoutofdomesticpoliticalconsensus.CertainlythisistrueintheUnitedStateswithrespecttoenvironmentalissues,wherevirtuallyeverysuccessfulinternationalregimehashaditsrootsinU.S.domesticlaw.Themostspectacularsuccess---theMontrealozoneagreement---grewoutoftheU.S.regulationofchlorofluorocarbons,thechiefculpritinthedestructionoftheozonelayer,beginningwithabanonaerosolspraycansinthelate1970s.Otherrelativelysuccessfulinternationalregimes---forexampletolimitoilpollutionfromtankers,toregulatetradeinendangeredspecies,andtocontroldangerouspesticidesandchemicals---alsobuiltonU.S.efforts,ratherthanattemptingtoforcetheUnitedStatestochangeitswaysthroughthepressureofaninternationalregime.

Fromthebeginning,however,U.S.climatechangepolicyfollowedadifferentpath,focusingoninternationalratherthandomesticmeasures.

Tosomedegree,thisreflectedtheunderstandablereluctanceofmanygovernmentstotakedomesticactionwithoutanassurancethatotherswouldfollowsuit.Giventheglobalcausesofclimatechange,ifacountryactsalone,itsimplydrivesupitsowncostswithoutmakingameaningfuldentinsolvingtheproblem.Internationalactionisnecessarytomakedomesticclimatepolicieseffective.Toagreaterdegree,however,theinternationalfocusofU.S.climatepolicyreflectedalackofdomesticpoliticalwill.AlthoughpollsconsistentlyindicatethatAmericansareconcernedaboutclimatechange,climatechangehasuntilnowneveremergedasamajorpoliticalissueintheUnitedStates.Comeelectiontime,education,socialsecurityandtaxeshavetakeprecedenceinvoters’minds.Indeed,climatechangeusuallydoesnotevencrackthetopthreeenvironmentalconcerns---cleanwater,cleanairandurbansprawl.Asaresult,climateactivistshavetendedtoviewtheinternationalarenaasapotentiallymorefavorableforum.TheonlyrealattempttoenactbindingdomesticmeasuresrelatedtoclimatechangeoccurredearlyintheClintonAdministration,whenClintonproposedabroad-basedenergytaxaspartofhisfirsteconomicplan.

AlthoughClintonbilledthetaxprimarilyasarevenueratherthanaclimatechangemeasureandmadeitapplicabletoallenergysources,notjustthosethatproducegreenhousegases,thetaxwouldhavediscouragedgreenhouseemissionsbyraisingenergyprices---andsomeclimatechangeactivistssawitinthatlight.Inpart,thefocusontheinternationalnegotiationswasdrivenbytheinexorablemomentumoftheinternationalclimateagendaitself,withmajormeetingspracticallyeveryyear,whichkeptclimatechangeonthefrontburner.Ironically,theseregularmeetings---whichareusuallyseenasameansofkeepingpressureonstatestoact---helpedgiveClintonacomparativelyeasywayoutpolitically.AstherepresentativeoftheUnitedStatesininternationalaffairs,theadministrationcouldtemporarilysatisfyitsenvironmentalconstituencybyacceptingstrongnationalpolicies,withouthavingtoundertaketheextremelydifficultpoliticalworkofconvincingaconservativeCongresstoenactdomesticlegislationtoreduceemissions.

Ofcourse,thisapproachcouldnotworkindefinitely,sinceinternationalpoliciestocombatglobalwarmingeventuallyrequiredomesticimplementation.Butgiventhecomplexityandseeminglynever-endingcharacterofthenegotiations,theinternationalapproachwasabletobuyconsiderabletimeforanadministrationreluctanttoexpendsignificantpoliticalcapitalathometocombatclimatechange.

Indoingso,administrationofficialscouldcomfortthemselveswiththeargumentthattheyweremakingprogressintheonlywaypossible,byputtinginplaceaninternationalsystemthatwouldbereadytousewhenAmericabecameseriousaboutclimatechange.

【答案】當(dāng)然,美國在環(huán)境問題上也是如此,幾乎每一個(gè)成功的國際制度都植根于美國的國內(nèi)法。

在某種程度上,這反映出許多國家政府在不確定其他國家是否會效仿的情況下,不愿意采取國內(nèi)行動,這是可以理解的??紤]到全球氣候變化的原因,如果一個(gè)國家單獨(dú)行動,只會導(dǎo)致成本增加,而不會取得實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展。

在選舉期間,選民會優(yōu)先考慮到教育、社會保障和稅收。

盡管克林頓將該稅主要宣傳為一項(xiàng)稅收,而不是一項(xiàng)氣候變化措施,并使其適用于所有能源,而不僅僅對于溫室氣體,但是本可以通過提高能源價(jià)格使稅收抑制溫室氣體排放,而一些氣候變化積極參與者正是從這個(gè)角度看問題的。

在某種程度上,對國際談判的關(guān)注是由國際氣候日常工作本身不可阻擋的勢頭所趨使的,幾乎每年都會召開大型會議,這使氣候變化問題處于首要地位。

當(dāng)然,這種方法不可能無限地發(fā)揮作用,因?yàn)閷谷蜃兣膰H政策最終需要國內(nèi)采取一些措施。

這樣一來,政策實(shí)施人員就可以安慰自己,說道他們正在以唯一可能的方式-建立一個(gè)國際體系的方法取得進(jìn)展。一旦美國開始嚴(yán)肅對待氣候變化問

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