英語音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)課件

1.音標(biāo)分類元音字母:Aa,

Ee,

Ii,

Oo,

Uu輔音字母：Bb,Cc,Dd,Ff,Gg,Hh,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,ZzPage1/422.發(fā)音講解及舉例Page2/42Page3/42Page5/42Page6/42Page7/42Page8/42Page10/42Page12/42爆破輔音Page14/42摩擦輔音Page15/42摩擦輔音Page16/42破擦輔音鼻輔音Page17/42半元音舌側(cè)音Page18/42Page20/42Ⅰ元音字母及元音字母組合拼讀規(guī)則元音字母的發(fā)音Page21/42(二)元音字母e1.重讀開音節(jié)[i:]me;he;she;these;evening2.重讀閉音節(jié)[e]hen;get;tell;red3.非重讀音節(jié)[i]ticket;basket;pocket;before;below;[?]hundredstudentopen（三）元音字母i1.重讀開音節(jié)[ai]hi;China;time;2.重讀閉音節(jié)[i]sit;hit;ill;little;3.非重讀音節(jié)[i]unit;[?]

holidaybeautifulPage23/42(四)元音字母o1.重讀開音節(jié)[?u]：no;so;go;home;photo;2.重讀閉音節(jié)[?]：not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;3.非重讀音節(jié)[?]：purpose;concern4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均發(fā)[?]come;some;son;ton;(*例外：Tom[?])love;glove;above;anothermother;brother;*5.兩個(gè)單詞：

woman[‘wu-m?n]女人（單數(shù)）;women[‘wi-min]女人（復(fù)數(shù)）（五）元音字母u

1.重讀開音節(jié)[ju:]pupil;student;use;cube*在開音節(jié)中，元音字母u在輔音字母jlrs后面時(shí)讀[u:]音，例如：Junebluerulersuper2.重讀閉音節(jié)[?]或[u][?]——us;bus;mum;sun[u]——put;full;pull3.非重讀音節(jié)[?]autumn;August;supportPage24/42（一）元音字母a的字母組合1.ai或ay在重讀音節(jié)中[ei]rain;train;brain;painday;may;play;stay;lay2.ay在非重讀音里[i]或[ei]Sunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday

●元音字母組合的拼讀規(guī)則3.al+絕大多數(shù)輔音字母

[?:]small;wall;call;

或[?:l]also;always*al后面是k時(shí)，只發(fā)[?:]talk;walk；chalk*al+f或m時(shí)，al發(fā)[a:]half;calm*-al在詞尾非重讀[（?）l]medal;metal;(例外canal運(yùn)河，重音在后[?l])Page26/424.-ance在重讀時(shí)[a:ns]chance;dance;France

在非重讀時(shí)[?ns]importance；performance

；ambulance5.-ant非重讀[?nt]assistant;important

；peasant6.-ange一般[eind?]change;danger;strange;(*但orange[ind?]例外)7.-age一般[id?]village;carriage;marriage8.-ask一般重讀時(shí)[a:sk]ask;mask;task;basket9.-ass一般重讀時(shí)[a:s]class;glass;grass;pass;(*但mass[?]例外)10.-ast一般重讀時(shí)[a:st]last;past;fast;cast*-aste一般[eist]waste;paste;taste11.-ath一般[a:θ]bath;path;(但maths[?θ]例外)*或[a:e]father;rather;(gather[?e]例外)Page27/4212.-au一般[?:]cause;autumn;August;(*但because[?])*-augh(t)[?:(t)]taught;daughter(*例外：laugh[la:f])13.-aw[?:]draw;saw;law;awful14.a在字母w或wh后面，a發(fā)[?]was;wash;want;what;(*但water[?:]15.-ar重讀音時(shí)[a:]party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star在字母w或音[w]后面時(shí)[?:]war;warm;warn;towards;*quarter在非重讀音時(shí)[?]beggar;dollar;solar16.-are一般[ε?]hare;bare;dare;care;parent17.-air一般[ε?]chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair18.-able一般[eibl]able;cable;table;stablePage28/426.-ear有三種音，分別是：*-ear[i?]ear;dear;near;tear(n.);*-ear[?:]early;earth;learn;heard*-ear[a:]heart*但tear作為動詞時(shí)，發(fā)[ε?]7.-ei[ei]eight;weigh;weight*-ei[ai]height*-ei[i:]receive8.-ey重讀[ei]they;hey;survey*-ey重讀[i:]key*-ey非重讀[i]monkey;donkey;volleyball*-et非重讀[it]pocket;ticket;rocket9.-ew一般[ju:]new;few;knew

*-ew或者發(fā)[u:]grew;threw*-ew還可以發(fā)[?u]sew10.-ege[id?]collegePage30/4211.-est[ist]biggest;happiest;12.詞尾的-ed在濁音后[d]lived;studied*-ed在清音后[t]worked;finished*-ed在字母t或d后[id]wanted;needed

（三）元音字母i或y的組合1.-ie在重讀音節(jié)中，或在輔音字母前，發(fā)[i:]，如：thief;field;piece;achieve；*-ie在詞尾[ai]lie;die;tie

2.-ir在重讀音節(jié)[?:]girl;first;third;circlePage31/423.-ire在重讀音節(jié)[‘a(chǎn)i?]fire;tired;hire;wire4.-igh(t)在重讀音節(jié)[ai(t)]high;night;light;bright5.-ild[aild]child;wild6.-ind[aind]find;kind;mind;wind;(*但window[ind])7.-ing[i?]king;wing;sing;doing;making8.-(a)tion[(ei)?n]nation;pronunciation;information

；*-stion[t?n]question*-sion[?n]或[?n]mission使命;precision精密9.-ye在詞尾[ai]good-bye;bye-bye10.-ist[ist]例：list;fist;Page32/42(四)元音字母o的組合1.-oa在重音時(shí)[?u]boat;coat;road;goat;toad*-oar在重音時(shí)[?:]例：blackboard;2.-oi，-oy在重音時(shí)[?i]*-oy例：boiler;point;join;oil.*-oi例：boy;toy;joy;loyal3.-oo一般[u:]too;zoo;room;noon;moon；soon;

*單詞room和其他名詞構(gòu)成合成詞時(shí)，常發(fā)短音。如classroom[u]…等。*在字母k或有時(shí)在t，d之前時(shí)[u]

look;book;cook;foot;boot;good；（food例外）;4.-or在重音時(shí)[?:]for;horse;important;morning;born*-or在字母w后面[?:]work;word;world;worse;worth(*但是wore,worn例外，均發(fā)[?:])*-or在非重音時(shí)[?]monitor;doctor;professor;forget;5.-oar一般[?:]board;aboard;blackboard6.-oor一般[?:]或在美式英語里發(fā)[??]door;floor

*-oor還發(fā)[u?]poorPage33/427.-ore在重音時(shí)[?:]snore;more;before;foreign;forest8.-ou一般[au]shout;loud;round;found*-ou還發(fā)[?]country;trouble*-ou還發(fā)[u:]wound;wounded9.-ough(t)發(fā)[?:(t)]ought;bought;fought;thought(*例外：cough[k?f])

10.-oe[?u]toe;hoe;Joe11.-old[?uld]old;hold;cold;told

12.-ost[?ust]post;most;host;ghost(*例外cost[?st])13.-our在重音時(shí)[au]our;hour;sour;*還發(fā)[?:]four;course;pour*還發(fā)[u?]tour;gourd*-our在詞尾(非重音)[?]colour;neighbour;favourite14.-ow在重音時(shí)[au]now;cow;down;how;town*-ow在重音或非重音中[?u]low;yellow;below;follow;grow；tomorrow;window;know;show

Page34/42（五）元音字母u的組合

1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均發(fā)[u]

如：full;bull;pull;push;bush*字母l,r或j+u構(gòu)成的開音節(jié)，u發(fā)[u:]rule;true;blue;June2.-ue在詞尾[ju:]argue;continue3.-ui在字母j或r后面時(shí)，發(fā)[u:]fruit;juice*-ui在字母b或g后面，或者緊接重音節(jié)后面的一個(gè)音節(jié)時(shí)發(fā)[i]

如：build;biscuit；guilty

4.-ur在重音時(shí)[?:]turn;return;Thursday;nurse;purse*在非重音時(shí)[?]surprise;Saturday*-ure在重音時(shí)[(j)u?]pure[ju?];sure[u?]*-ture發(fā)[t??]picture;future;mixturePage35/42(II)輔音字母及輔音字母組合的拼讀規(guī)則輔音字母一般都發(fā)字母本身音,只有一些特殊,列舉如下:

b在一般情況下[b]back；

big;lab;brother

b和u在一起，u常發(fā)[i]building；build；busy

-bt一般[t]debt;doubt2.c在字母e,i或y前面時(shí)[s]city;Bruce;juice;bicycle；face;centralc在字母a,o或u,或者在輔音字母前[k]cup;cold;duck;bicycle;cap;cut;class;c在詞尾時(shí)也發(fā)[k]，但后面有e，還發(fā)[s]music[k]grace[s];

-ck[k]duck;luck;black;cock；ticket;pocket-ci有時(shí)發(fā)[?]social*-cc在元音字母a,o,u和輔音字母之前[k]occasion;according;occupy;*在元音字母e和i之前[ks]accent;success-ch有三種音[t?][k]或[?]如下：*[t?]China;rich;chick;chalk*[k]school;chemistry;ache;technology*[?]machine;parachute;moustache-tch[t?]catch;match;fetch;hatch;butcherPage36/423.d在一般情況下[d]did;made;desk;duck;doubt;-ds發(fā)[dz]birds;handsdr在元音字母前[dr]dry;dress;driver;drill-dge一般[d?]bridge;fridge;judge;4.f在一般情況下[f]five;flag;life;leaf5.g在字母e,i或y前面[d?]large;general;age;energy*例外：give;forgive;get;forget等,g都發(fā)[g]在字母a,o或u,或者在輔音字母前[g]game;goat;guard;ghost;glass在詞尾也發(fā)[g]big;egg;fig;flag

-gn[n]，即g不發(fā)音foreign;sign;-gh發(fā)[f]或[-](即不發(fā)音)[-]high;light;thought;brought[f]laugh;cough-dge發(fā)[d?]bridge;knowledge;judge

*gue-,gua-和gui-在詞首時(shí)一般u都不發(fā)音guess;guest;guard;guide

而-gue在詞尾發(fā)[g]league;colleaguePage37/426.h在一般情況下[h]help;behave;hello;hit;hurry*h在字母r或x后面不發(fā)音exhibition7.j在一般情況下[d?]joy;judge;journey;January;just8.k在一般情況下[k]king;milk;kick;kiss;lock;*k后面是n時(shí)，k不發(fā)音,即kn發(fā)[n]knee;know;knowledge;knife

9.字母l只有兩種發(fā)音:放在詞首的發(fā)清晰的/l/;放在詞末或le則發(fā)模糊/l/。*l在元音字母前發(fā)[l](*即“勒”音，供參考)light；look;let;lab;live

*l在輔音字母或詞尾時(shí)發(fā)[l](*即“歐”音，供參考)cold；sell;chalk10.m在一般情況下[m]meat;mother;come;make;Tomm后面是b時(shí),b不發(fā)音,即-mb發(fā)[m]Page38/4211.n在一般情況下[n]now;next;ton;nestn在m后面時(shí)，n常不發(fā)音,即-mn發(fā)[m]autumn;column

但后面有后綴或構(gòu)成合成詞，則n還要發(fā)音的autumnal;columnist-ng常發(fā)[?]或[?g]*發(fā)[?]sing;king;English;young*發(fā)[?g]finger；younger;language-nk常發(fā)[?k]ink;thank12.p在一般情況下[p]map;cap;people;pest*-ph[f]photo;phantom;physics13.*que在一般情況下[k]cheque*qu一般發(fā)[kw]quarter;quick;quiet;quite;queen14.*r在元音字母前才發(fā)音[r](即音同“日”供參考)room；read;rest;around

*r在輔音字母或詞尾前，一般不發(fā)音car;star;jar

*rh在元音字母前只發(fā)[r]rhyme;rhino;rhetoricPage39/4215.*s在詞首和詞尾、清輔音之前或之后,或者在詞尾同時(shí)在短元音之后，一般發(fā)[s]

如：see;some;sister;works;yes;thisnewspaper;

注：一條發(fā)音習(xí)慣，歐美人在發(fā)[s]音后面的清輔音時(shí)，習(xí)慣上把該清輔音發(fā)成相對應(yīng)的濁輔音（而書寫音標(biāo)的時(shí)候，還是寫成清輔音），試舉例如下：

school音標(biāo)[sku:l]，念成[sgu:l]street音標(biāo)[stri:t],念成[sdri:t]student[‘stju:d?nt],念成[‘sdju:d?nt]space音標(biāo)[speis],而習(xí)慣念成[sbeis]

*s在兩個(gè)元音之間或者在濁輔音和元音之間時(shí)，發(fā)[z]

如：these;nose;lose;rise;wisdom;observe詞尾的s在濁輔音或元音之后（即在濁音之后），發(fā)[z]

如：pigs;plays;flags;eggs;toys;boys詞尾的s在長元音之后，發(fā)[z]hers;yourss還可以發(fā)[?]sure;Russia-sh一般發(fā)[?]sheep;ship;wish;show;shift;fish-sch一般發(fā)[sk]school;scheme(計(jì)劃)-sion一般發(fā)[?n]tension;succession*在元音字母后[?n]decision;conclusion-sure在元音字母后[??]measure;pleasurePage40/4216.t在一般情況下[t]cat;tooth；teach;let;ten;table;-th一般發(fā)[θ]或[e]發(fā)/θ/音的大多與數(shù)字有關(guān):thirteen,third,ninth,tenth