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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriorityitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling.

Ifspellingbecometheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher'sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelytoplaysafe.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That'swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.

Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:“Thisworkisterrible!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible.”Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessay,whichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeepfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild'sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivationtoseekimprovement.

1.Teachersdifferintheiropinionsabout().

2.Theexpression"playsafe"probablymeans().

3.Teachersencouragetheuseofdictionariessothat().

4.Thewriterseemstothinkthattheteacher'sjudgmentonthatsensitivepieceofwritingis().

5.Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedifficultiesinteachingspelling

B.theroleofspellingingenerallanguagedevelopment

C.thecomplexitiesofthebasicwritingskills

D.thenecessityofteachingspelling

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.towritecarefully

B.todoasteacherssay

C.Iousedictionariesfrequently

D.toavoidusingwordsoneisnotsureof

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.studentswillbeabletoexpresstheirideasmorefreely

B.teacherswillhavelesstroubleincorrectingmistakes

C.studentswillhavemoreconfidenceinwriting

D.studentswilllearntobeindependentofteachers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.reasonable

B.unfair

C.foolish

D.careless

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofdevelopingwritingskills

B.thecomplexitiesofspelling

C.thecorrectwayofmarkingcompositions

D.therelationshipbetweenspellingandthecontentofacomposition

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriorityitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability”,中文翻譯為“然而,對(duì)于怎么來教拼寫或者是從提高整個(gè)語言的發(fā)展和寫作能力方面來說,把拼寫放在什么樣優(yōu)先的地位存在著許多不同的看法。”以及“Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling.”中文翻譯為:“所存在的問題是,在寫作當(dāng)中怎樣鼓勵(lì)孩子不要讓復(fù)雜的拼寫來影響他流暢地,自信地表達(dá)自己的思想?!蓖茢喑鼋虒W(xué)分歧在于怎樣教授拼寫、以及把拼寫放在什么樣優(yōu)先的地位。結(jié)合語境,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Ifspellingbecometheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher'sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelytoplaysafe.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage”,中文翻譯為“如果字的拼寫成為老師關(guān)心的唯一焦點(diǎn),很明顯,聰明的孩子很可能就會(huì)為‘保險(xiǎn)起見’,只寫一些他會(huì)寫的字,避免因冒險(xiǎn)而出錯(cuò)的語言。”可以推測出D選項(xiàng)“避免用他/她不確定的內(nèi)容”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干theuseofdictionaries可以定位到文章第二段中Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That'swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.”中文翻譯為“他只寫一些他會(huì)寫的字,避免因冒險(xiǎn)而出錯(cuò)的語言。那就是為什么老師常常鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生很早就要使用字典,而且寫作時(shí)重視內(nèi)容而非拼寫技能??梢酝茰y出A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生能更自由地表達(dá)自己的想法”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章中“Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil'stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessay,whichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechildsdeepfeelings”中文翻譯為“這對(duì)于一個(gè)學(xué)生的寫作技能也許是一次尖銳的批評(píng),但它同時(shí)也悲哀地反映出那位老師忽視了去閱讀一篇包含了表達(dá)孩子內(nèi)心感情的文章?!币约昂笪摹癟heteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors...雖然老師注意到了這些問題并沒有錯(cuò)……”可以得知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。原文前面提出“Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriorityitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability”,中文翻譯為“然而,對(duì)于怎么來教拼寫或者是從提高整個(gè)語言的發(fā)展和寫作能力方面來說,把拼寫放在什么樣優(yōu)先的地位存在著許多不同的看法?!焙竺鎰t寫道:注意拼寫會(huì)限制學(xué)生寫文章,但是不注意拼寫會(huì)造成作文的拼寫錯(cuò)誤。綜合考慮,可以推測出D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

SanFranciscoclimbsandfallsovernumeroushills,whichprovides(

)viewsofthewidebayandtheGoldenGateBridge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flashy

B.transient

C.breathtaking

D.ambiguous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。flashy“浮華的;閃光的”;transient“短暫的;路過的”;breathtaking“驚人的;令人激動(dòng)的”;ambiguous“模糊不清的;模棱兩可的”。句意:舊金山起伏著無數(shù)的山脈,這提供了驚人的海灣和金門大橋的景象。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.翻譯題

SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslation(20points)

Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

(41)“一帶一路”的獨(dú)特部分是強(qiáng)調(diào)建立陸地和海洋基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施?;A(chǔ)設(shè)施是所有國家的永久性需求。由于各國對(duì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的普遍重視,區(qū)域性的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和聯(lián)通項(xiàng)目建設(shè)從政治上來說相對(duì)容易往前推進(jìn)。這些項(xiàng)目將自然地增加貿(mào)易、投資和各國之間人民的交流。跨國基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目服務(wù)于跨境貿(mào)易的增長目標(biāo),因而是比自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定更容易促進(jìn)貿(mào)易的方式,而這是當(dāng)今世界上很多國家都強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)的。

(42)中國迄今為止已成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了漸進(jìn)式經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑,接下來的問題是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)長期可持續(xù)增長??纯丛鲩L的需求端,投資長期以來已成為主要驅(qū)動(dòng)。盡管中國的人均資本存量比更發(fā)達(dá)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體低,(中國)仍然需要實(shí)現(xiàn)從投資向消費(fèi)的逐漸平衡,以避免進(jìn)一步的資本錯(cuò)配及其負(fù)面影響,如一些行業(yè)和房地產(chǎn)的過剩。中國在兩年前就已經(jīng)開始這種再平衡努力了,最近的政府工作報(bào)告及2017年國民經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃草案又重申了對(duì)促進(jìn)消費(fèi)的重視。

【答案】41.TheuniquepartoftheBeltandRoadliesinemphasizingtheestablishmentofterrestrialandmarineinfrastructure.Andinfrastructureisapermanentneedforallcountries.Ascountriesgenerallyattachimportancetoinfrastructure,theconstructionofregionalinfrastructureandconnectingprojectsisrelativelyeasytomoveforwardpolitically.Theseprojectswillnaturallyincreasetrade,investmentandexchangesamongpeoplefromdifferentcountries.Transnationalinfrastructureprojectsservethegrowthgoalsofcross-bordertrade.Andtherefore,aneasierwaytopromotetradethanfreetradeagreements,whichmanycountriesintheworldtodaystronglyoppose.

42.Chinahassofarmanagedagradualeconomicdownturn,andthenextquestionishowtoachievelong-termsustainablegrowth.Consideringthegrowingdemandside,investmenthaslongbeenthemaindriver.AlthoughChina’scapitalstockpercapitaislowerthanthatofamoredevelopedeconomies,agradualbalancefrominvestmenttoconsumptionisneededtoavoidfurthercapitalmisallocationanditsnegativeeffects,suchasexcessinsomeindustriesandrealestate.Chinabeganthisrebalancingefforttwoyearsago,andtherecentgovernmentworkreportandthe2017DraftPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentreaffirmedtheemphasisonboostingconsumption.

4.單選題

The()cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incompatible

B.exceeding

C.instantaneous

D.eternal

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。incompatible不相容的,矛盾的;exceeding超越;instantaneous瞬間的,即刻的;eternal永恒的,不朽的。句意:()生死輪回是一個(gè)科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家都感興趣的課題。D選項(xiàng)eternal符合句意。

5.單選題

Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno()togotothepartywithus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.taste

B.mood

C.sense

D.emotion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)taste“味道”;B選項(xiàng)mood“心情”;C選項(xiàng)sense“感覺”;D選項(xiàng)emotion“情感”。句意:工作了一整天后,他太累了,沒有心情和我們一起去參加聚會(huì)。本句表示沒有參加聚會(huì)的心情,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Whenhewasinjuniorhighatfourteen,hisintelligencewassuchthathe()amongundergraduatesthanamongschoolboys.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldfitbetterin

B.wouldhavefittedinbetter

C.fittedbetterin

D.wouldhavefittedbetter

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識(shí)。根據(jù)句意:當(dāng)他14歲上初中時(shí),他的智力如此之高……。后文的比較說明“amongundergraduates”是說話人的主觀看法,而不是真實(shí)情況,因此句子為虛擬語氣。表示與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)用“wouldhave”。befitin表示“適合”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Aloneinthedesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt(

)lonely.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nothingbut

B.anythingbut

C.allbut

D.everythingbut

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nothingbut只有,只不過;anythingbut根本不,決不;allbut幾乎,差不多。句意:雖然他獨(dú)自待在一個(gè)荒蕪的房子里,但他忙于他的研究工作以至于他一點(diǎn)也不感到孤獨(dú)。由“hewassobusywithhisresearchwork”可知,他忙于研究,一點(diǎn)也不覺得孤獨(dú)。答案B

8.單選題

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。capacity“能力,容量”;strength“力量,力氣”;length“長度”;possibility“可能性”。句意:不出去工作的家庭主婦感到?jīng)]有充分發(fā)揮自己的能力。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy'shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes;thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionsofthetopfashionhouse.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare().

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto().

3.Causesoffashionsare().

4.Presentdaysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes().

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A“對(duì)外表感到滿意”與第一段中Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare“很少有人愿意接受我們本來的樣子”;B“在意年老時(shí)候的外表”,根據(jù)文中第一段Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife“十幾歲和二十幾歲的我們比任何時(shí)期都更在意外在和在別人眼中的形象”可推斷該選項(xiàng)不正確;C“完全不能忽視時(shí)尚”,文中第一段fewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion“幾乎沒人敢于忽視潮流”可知該選項(xiàng)符合題意;D“不愿意跟隨時(shí)尚”錯(cuò)誤。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A“生活中的信心”;B“個(gè)人衣著”;C“個(gè)人發(fā)型”;D“個(gè)人未來”。從文章第二段Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.“如果我們照做,電視和雜志告訴我們,我們可以自信地去見新面孔,從容應(yīng)對(duì)任何場合”可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意,故選A。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A“全部相同的”;B“多變的,各式各樣的”;C“未知的”;D“難以解釋的”。根據(jù)文章第三段中的Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.“是什么引起時(shí)尚的改變?有時(shí)候便利或?qū)嶋H需求或僅僅對(duì)某個(gè)有影響力的人物的個(gè)人喜好都可以主導(dǎo)時(shí)尚”可知,改變時(shí)尚的因素是多種多樣的,A、C、D三項(xiàng)均不符合題意,故選B。

4.判斷推理題。A“單一性”;B“形式化”;C“非正式化,不拘泥于形式”;D“個(gè)性化”。根據(jù)第五段中Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushould“只要合理,你可以按照自己的喜好決定著裝和發(fā)型,而不是你應(yīng)該穿什么”及Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"look...牛仔褲和不整潔外貌…”可知當(dāng)今社會(huì)更自由和輕松因?yàn)楫?dāng)下強(qiáng)調(diào)“informality”,故選C。

5.判斷推理題。A“在正式場合下要注重外表”;B“正式和非正式場合下的時(shí)尚”;C“在非正式場合下忽略外表”;D“在所有場合都忽略外表”。根據(jù)最后一段開頭Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully“同時(shí),在某些特定的場合,外表依然非常重要,這時(shí)候我們必須非常認(rèn)真地挑選服裝”以及下文列舉的兩個(gè)服裝與場合不合宜的反面例子,可知A“在正式場合下要注重外表”符合題意,故本題答案為A。

10.單選題

Thisemphasisonan"English"traditionhascomeundercontinuousattackduringthelasttwentyyearsorso;duringtheirundergraduatetrainingmanyyoungteachersofEnglishwillhavediscussedtheassumptionsthatunderliesuchconcernforourcultural().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhabitants

B.heritage

C.inheritors

D.hereditary

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。inhabitant“居民”,heritage“遺產(chǎn);傳統(tǒng);繼承權(quán)”,inheritor“繼承人;后繼者”,hereditary“遺傳類”。句意:在他們的本科培訓(xùn)中,許多年輕的英語老師將討論這些假設(shè),這些假設(shè)是我們對(duì)文化傳統(tǒng)關(guān)心的基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

Thesceneissobeautifulthatit()mypowerofdescription.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transports

B.transfers

C.transcends

D.transforms

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)transport“運(yùn)送”,B項(xiàng)transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移”,C項(xiàng)transcend“勝過,超越”,D項(xiàng)transform“改變,轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意:這景色是如此美麗,我無法用語言來形容。根據(jù)句意,該題選C正確。

12.單選題

Toimpressafutureemployer,oneshoulddressneatly,be(),anddisplayinterestinthejob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.swift

B.instant

C.timely

D.punctual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)swift“迅速的;敏捷的”;B選項(xiàng)instant“立即的;緊迫的”;C選項(xiàng)timely“及時(shí)的;適時(shí)的”;D選項(xiàng)punctual“準(zhǔn)時(shí)的;守時(shí)的”。句意:為了給未來的雇主留下印象,職員應(yīng)該穿戴整潔,……,顯示對(duì)工作的興趣。目的是impressafutureemployer“給未來雇主留下好的印象”,應(yīng)該要dressneatly“穿戴整潔”,bepunctual“守時(shí)的”,而且顯示出對(duì)這份工作的興趣。就像是一場面試,最重要的還是要守時(shí)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Accordingtoarecenttheory,Archean-agegold-quartzveinsystemswereformedovertwobillionyearsagofrommagmaticfluidsthatoriginatedfrommoltengranitelikebodiesdeepbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth.Thistheoryiscontrarytothewidelyheldviewthatthesystemsweredepositedfrommetamorphicfluids,thatis,fromfluidsthatformedduringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks.Therecentlydevelopedtheoryhasconsiderablepracticalimportance.MostofthegolddepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrusheswereexposedattheEarth’ssurfaceandwerefoundbecausetheyhadshedtrailsofalluvialgoldthatwereeasilytracedbysimpleprospectingmethods.Althoughthesesamemethodsstillleadtoanoccasionaldiscovery,mostdepositsnotyetdiscoveredhavegoneundetectedbecausetheyareburiedandhavenosurfaceexpression.

Thechallengeinexplorationisthereforetounravelthesubsurfacegeologyofanareaandpinpointthepositionofburiedminerals.Methodswidelyusedtodayincludeanalysisofaerialimagesthatyieldabroadgeologicaloverview;geophysicaltechniquesthatprovidedataonthemagnetic,electrical,andmineralogicalpropertiesoftherocksbeinginvestigated;andsensitivechemicalteststhatareabletodetectthesubtlechemicalhalosthatoftenenvelopmineralization.However,noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalueifthesitestowhichtheyareappliedhavenevermineralized,andtomaximizethechancesofdiscoverytheexplorermustthereforepayparticularattentiontoselectingthegroundformationsmostlikelytobemineralized.Suchgroundselectionreliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels,whichtakeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors.

Thesemodelsareconstructedprimarilyfromempiricalobservationsofknownmineraldepositsandfromtheoriesofore-formingprocesses.Theexplorerusesthemodelstoidentifythosegeologicalfeaturesthatarecriticaltotheformationofthemineralizationbeingmodeled,andthentriestoselectareasforexplorationthatexhibitasmanyofthecriticalfeaturesaspossible.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystems________.

3.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodology

B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheory

C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethods

D.describingeventsleadingtoadiscovery

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wereformedfrommetamorphicfluids

B.originatedinmoltengranitelikebodies

C.wereformedfromalluvialdeposits

D.generallyhavesurfaceexpression

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Surveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwomillionyearsago.

B.Limitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedfrommetamorphicfluid.

C.Usinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.

D.Usinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.

B.Modernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.

C.Modelsbasedonthetheorythatgoldoriginatedfrommagmaticfluidshavealreadyledtonewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.

D.Newdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralization.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.作者主要關(guān)注________。

A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodologyA.主張回歸舊方法

B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheoryB.解釋一種新理論的重要性

C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethodsC.列舉兩種廣泛使用的方法之間的差異

D.describingeventsleadingtoadiscoveryD.描述是什么事件導(dǎo)致的發(fā)現(xiàn)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章第一段指出最近的一項(xiàng)理論(recenttheory),并且點(diǎn)出這一理論具有相當(dāng)大的實(shí)際意義(hasconsiderablepracticalimportance);第二段點(diǎn)出這一理論幫助尋找地下礦物(takeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors),從理論中衍生出目前的一些方法和模型;第三段具體講勘探人員如何使用這些模型,和第二段是遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系。綜上所述,這一文章講的是這個(gè)新理論對(duì)于實(shí)際開采礦物的重要性,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“主張回歸舊方法”:文章花了大量篇幅在講新理論和新方法,主張采用新方法,而不是舊方法,屬于反向干擾;

C選項(xiàng)“列舉兩種廣泛使用的方法之間的差異”:這兩種方法是以前廣泛使用和現(xiàn)在廣泛使用的差別,而且主要不是在比較這兩種方法的差異,屬于曲解原文;

D選項(xiàng)“描述是什么事件導(dǎo)致的發(fā)現(xiàn)”:文章沒有提到新理論是如何得出的,屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystems________.文章認(rèn)為,人們認(rèn)為太古代金石英脈系統(tǒng)________。

A.wereformedfrommetamorphicfluidsA.由變質(zhì)流體形成

B.originatedinmoltengranitelikebodiesB.起源于熔融花崗巖狀體

C.wereformedfromalluvialdepositsC.由沖積物形成

D.generallyhavesurfaceexpressionD.一般有地表表現(xiàn)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞widelyheld定位到第一段第二句,該處講到“人們普遍持有的觀點(diǎn)就是這些太古代金石英脈是由變質(zhì)流體沉積的(depositedfrommetamorphicfluids)?!保Y(jié)合選項(xiàng),A選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“起源于熔融花崗巖狀體”:對(duì)應(yīng)第一段第一句“根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)理論(recenttheory),太古代金石英脈系統(tǒng)是在20億年前由巖漿流體形成的(formedover...frommagmaticfluids)?!保芍@不是人們普遍認(rèn)為的,而是最新理論認(rèn)為的,屬于偷換概念;

C選項(xiàng)“由沖積物形成”:對(duì)應(yīng)第一段第二句“這些系統(tǒng)是由變質(zhì)流體沉積的,即由濕的沉積巖脫水過程(duringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks)中形成的流體沉積(fluidsthatformed)的。”,可知不是沖積物,而是沉積巖脫水形成的,屬于偷換概念;

D選項(xiàng)“一般有地表表現(xiàn)”:對(duì)應(yīng)第一段最后一句“但大多數(shù)尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)的礦床都沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn),因?yàn)樗鼈儽宦裨诘叵拢瑳]有地表表現(xiàn)(havenosurfaceexpression)?!?,可知人們認(rèn)為太古代金石英脈系統(tǒng)沒有地表表現(xiàn),屬于反向干擾。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?這篇文章暗示,想要最大限度地提高發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金的機(jī)會(huì),勘探人員首先會(huì)采取下列哪一步?

A.Surveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwomillionyearsago.A.調(diào)查幾個(gè)已知形成于200萬年前的遺址。

B.Limitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedfrommetamorphicfluid.B.將勘探限制在已知由變質(zhì)流體形成的地點(diǎn)。

C.Usinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.C.使用合適的概念模型選擇場地進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步勘探。

D.Usinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.D.使用地球物理方法分析大面積的巖石。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞maximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold定位到第二段倒數(shù)一、二句,該處講到“為了最大限度地增加發(fā)現(xiàn)金子的機(jī)會(huì)(tomaximizethechancesofdiscovery),勘探人員必須特別注意選擇最有可能礦化的地層(selectingthegroundformations)。這種地面選擇在不同程度上依賴于概念模型(reliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels),這些模型考慮了相關(guān)因素的理論研究?!?,可知勘探人員需要依賴于概念模型,選擇合適的場地進(jìn)行勘探,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“調(diào)查幾個(gè)已知形成于200萬年前的遺址”:文中沒有提到形成于200萬年前的遺址,屬于無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“將勘探限制在已知由變質(zhì)流體形成的地點(diǎn)”和D選項(xiàng)“使用地球物理方法分析大面積的巖石”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第二、三句“目前廣泛使用的方法包括分析航空?qǐng)D像以獲得廣泛的地質(zhì)概況(geologicaloverview),使用地球物理技術(shù)(geophysicaltechniques)得出所調(diào)查巖石的磁性、電性和礦物學(xué)性質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)……但是,如果應(yīng)用這些高技術(shù)方法的地點(diǎn)從未礦化,這些方法就沒有任何價(jià)值(noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalue)。”,可知這兩種方法適用于已經(jīng)礦化的地方,不適用于未經(jīng)礦化的地方,不能最大程度地發(fā)現(xiàn)金子,屬于本末倒置。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?關(guān)于發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦的陳述,下列哪項(xiàng)文中有信息支持?

A.Itisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.A.新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金礦產(chǎn)量不太可能達(dá)到最初淘金熱時(shí)期的水平。

B.Modernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.B.在簡單找礦方法作為新發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦來源的應(yīng)用問題上,現(xiàn)代探索者們存在分歧。

C.Modelsbasedonthetheorythatgoldoriginatedfrommagmaticfluidshavealreadyledtonewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.C.基于金起源于巖漿流體理論的模型,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的金礦。

D.Newdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralization.D.新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金礦很可能是定位埋藏礦物的勘探技術(shù)的結(jié)果。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第二段,該處講到“勘探的挑戰(zhàn)是了解某地區(qū)的地下地質(zhì)狀況,并且查明埋藏礦物的位置(pinpointthepositionofburiedminerals)。”,緊接著提到各項(xiàng)勘探技術(shù),可知找到金礦需要定位埋藏礦物的地方,并且需要勘探技術(shù),因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金礦產(chǎn)量不太可能達(dá)到最初淘金熱時(shí)期的水平”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“在簡單找礦方法作為新發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦來源的應(yīng)用問題上,現(xiàn)代探索者們存在分歧”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“但是,如果應(yīng)用這些高技術(shù)方法的地點(diǎn)從未礦化,這些方法就沒有任何價(jià)值,因此,為了最大限度地增加發(fā)現(xiàn)金子的機(jī)會(huì)(tomaximizethechancesofdiscovery),勘探人員必須特別注意選擇最有可能礦化的地層?!?,這里的兩種方法不是相互對(duì)立,可以同時(shí)使用,屬于偷換概念;

C選項(xiàng)“基于金起源于巖漿流體理論的模型,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的金礦”:文章沒有提到這個(gè)模型讓人們新發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦,屬于無中生有。

14.單選題

ItisaquestionthathasvexedphilosopherssincetheGreeks.Butitseemswemaynowhavetheanswertothebeguilinglysimplequestion:“Whichcamefirst?”It’stheegg.

Thisreassuringconclusionwastheworkofanexpertpanel(1)aphilosopher,geneticistandchickenfarmer.

“Whetherchickeneggs(2)chickenshingesonthenatureofchickeneggs,”saidpanelmemberandphilosopherofscienceDavidPapineauatKing’sCollegeLondon.

“Iwould(3)it’sachickeneggifithasachickeninit.Ifakangaroolaidanegg(4)whichanostrichhatched,thatwouldsurelybeanostrichegg,notakangarooegg.Bythisreasoning,thefirstchickendidindeedcomefromachickenegg,(5)thateggdidn’tcomefromchickens.”

Theoldestrecorded(6)tothechildishconundrumgoes(7)toacollectionofessaysanddiscussionsbytheGreekhistorianMestriusPlutarchus,bornin46AD.Inasection(8)“WhethertheHenortheEggCameFirst”,hesuggestedthatthequestionwasalreadywell(9):“Theproblemabouttheeggandthehen,whichofthemcamefirst,wasdraggedintoourtalk,adifficultproblemwhichgivesinvestigatorsmuchtrouble.”

Plutarchusalso(10)atthepuzzle’sgr

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