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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南藝術(shù)學(xué)院文華學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Wecanbesure,however,thatcitieswillremainthegroundzeroofconvergence.Althoughforestclearanceandexportmonocultureshaveplayedfundamentalrolesinthetransitiontoanewgeologicalepoch,theprimemoverhasbeenthealmostexponentialincreaseinthecarbonfootprintsofurbanregionsinthenorthernhemisphere.Heatingandcoolingtheurbanbuiltenvironmentaloneisresponsibleforanestimated35to45percentofcurrentcarbonemissions,whileurbanindustriesandtransportationcontributeanother35to40percent.Inasense,citylifeisrapidlydestroyingtheecologicalnicheHoloceneclimatestabilitywhichmadeitsevolutionintocomplexitypossible.
Yetthereisastrikingparadoxhere.Whatmakesurbanareassoenvironmentallyunsustainablearepreciselythosefeatures,eveninthelargestmegacities,thataremostanti-urbanorsuburban.Firstamongtheseismassivehorizontalexpansion,whichcombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalservicesaquifers,watersheds,truckfarms,forests,coastaleco-systemswiththehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.Theresultisgrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources,thepredictablesocialoutcomesareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds;inner-citydevelopmentisconceivedasgentrificationthrougheviction,destroyingworking-classurbancultureintheprocess.Tothesewemayaddthesocio-politicalfeaturesofthemegapolisunderconditionsofcapitalistglobalization:thegrowthofperipheralslumsandinformalemployment,theprivatizationofpublicspace,low-intensitywarfarebetweenpoliceandsubsistencecriminals,andbunkeringofthewealthyinsterilizedhistoricalcentersorwalledsuburbs.
Bycontrast,thosequalitiesthataremost‘classically’urban,evenonthescaleofsmallcitiesandtowns,combinetogenerateamorevirtuouscircle.Wheretherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside,urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems,whilecreatingenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreeffectively.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.Inclassicurbanvisions,publicluxuryreplacesprivatizedconsumptionthroughthesocializationofdesireandidentitywithincollectiveurbanspace.Largedomainofpublicornon-profithousingreproduceethnicandincomeheterogeneityatfractalscalesthroughoutthecity.Egalitarianpublicservicesandcityscapesaredesignedwithchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneedsinmind.Democraticcontrolsofferpowerfulcapacitiesforprogressivetaxationandplanning,withhighlevelsofpoliticalmobilizationandcivicparticipation,thepriorityofcivicmemoryoverproprietaryiconsandthespatialintegrationofwork,recreationandhomelife.
1.Astheauthordiscussestheissuesinthispassage,hesounds().
2.Whyinmanybigcitiesthereareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds?
3.Whatdoestheword“these”inthesecondparagraphreferto?
4.Whichofthefollowingwordsisnotsynonymoustotheword“virtuous”inthelastparagraph?
5.Whichofthefollowingwillnotbetheoutcomeundertheconditionthattherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.critical
B.neutral
C.optimistic
D.pessimistic
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Becausetheegalitarianaspectsofcitylifeconsistentlyprovidethebestsociologicalandphysicalsupportsforresourceconservationandcarbonmitigation.
B.Becausemassivehorizontalexpansioncombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalserviceswiththehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.
C.Becauseurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources.
D.Becausetherearegrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.urbanareas.
B.Thosefeatures.
C.Thelargestmegacities
D.Vitalnaturalservices
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.wholesome
B.righteous
C.efficacious
D.pernicious
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.
B.Urbangrowthcancreateenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.
C.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesunaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreineffectively.
D.Urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.作者態(tài)度題。整篇文章作者都是客觀地闡述了大城市的城市化對生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞,但是小城市、小鎮(zhèn)的城市化和生態(tài)環(huán)境結(jié)合起來就會(huì)產(chǎn)生良性循環(huán)。其中沒有作者過多個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的表達(dá)。所以對文中的問題作者持中立的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources”,可知城市形態(tài)是由投機(jī)者和開發(fā)商決定的,繞過了對規(guī)劃和資源的民主監(jiān)督,這造成了空間隔離和環(huán)境問題。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句,“Whatmakesurbanareassoenvironmentallyunsustainablearepreciselythosefeatures,eveninthelargestmegacities,thataremostanti-urbanorsuburban.”,可知使城市地區(qū)在環(huán)境上的問題正是因?yàn)檫@些特點(diǎn),即使在最大的大城市也是反城市的。可判斷出these指代的就是上文提到的features,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
4.詞義理解題。wholesome“健全的”;righteous“正義的”;efficacious“有效的”;pernicious“有毒的,惡性的”。句意:相比之下,那些最典型的城市特征,與一些小城市或城鎮(zhèn)結(jié)合起來也會(huì)形成一個(gè)更良性的循環(huán)。所以virtuous意思為良性的,只有pernicious不是它的同義詞。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段,“Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreeffectively.”,可知從郊區(qū)進(jìn)入市中心的交通費(fèi)用降低了,交通也可以得到更有效的管理。所以C選項(xiàng)中的unaffordable與文意相反。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
2.單選題
ThecommissionpresenteditsreportinJanuaryandthiswasbroadly______inJulyofthatyear.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.encased
B.encored
C.endued
D.endorsed
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)encase“包住,圍繞”,B項(xiàng)encore“要求再演或唱”,C項(xiàng)endue“授予,賦予”,D項(xiàng)endorse“背書,認(rèn)可,簽署”。根據(jù)句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài),動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語是report,由此可推斷endorse“認(rèn)可”符合語境。句意:該委員會(huì)在1月份提交了報(bào)告,并在當(dāng)年7月得到了廣泛認(rèn)可。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Althoughthespeakerwasawell-knownpersonality,hisspeechwaspoorly().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.raised
B.lectured
C.delivered
D.preached
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。raise“提高”;lecture“講課;演講”;deliver“交付,發(fā)表”;preach“說教”。deliveraspeech是固定短語,意思是“發(fā)表演講”,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
4.單選題
Thesalesmanapproachedthehousecautiouslywhenhesawthedogatthedoor.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.carefully
B.deliberately
C.nervously
D.bravely
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞辨析。cautiously“小心地;謹(jǐn)慎地”;A選項(xiàng)carefully“小心地”;B選項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地”;C選項(xiàng)nervously“神經(jīng)質(zhì)地;焦急地”;D選項(xiàng)bravely“勇敢地;無畏地”。句意:推銷員看到門口的狗,小心翼翼地走近房子。根據(jù)句中“whenhesawthedogatthedoor在看見門口的狗后”可知cautiously在這里的意思應(yīng)為“小心地”,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
5.翻譯題
Rationalchoicetheory
Rationalchoicetheory,alsoknownaschoicetheoryorrationalactiontheory,isaframeworkforunderstandingandoftenformallymodeling,socialandeconomicbehavior.Rationality,interpretedas“wantingmoreratherthanlessofagood’’,iswidelyusedasanassumptionofthebehaviorofindividualsinmacroeconomicmodelsandanalysisandappearsinalmostalleconomicstextbooktreatmentsofhumandecision-making.Itisalsocentraltosomeofmodempoliticalscience,sociology,andphilosophy.Itattaches“wantingmore”toinstrumentalrationality,whichinvolvesseekingthemostcost-effectivemeanstoachieveaspecificgoalwithoutreflectingontheworthinessofthatgoal.GaryBackerwasanearlyproponentofapplyingrationalactormodelsmorewidely.Hewonthe1992NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesforhisstudiesofdiscrimination,crime,andhumancapital.
Inrationalchoicetheory,thesecostsareonlyextrinsicorexternaltotheindividualratherthanbeingintrinsicorinternal.Thatis,strictrationalchoicetheorywouldnotseeacriminal’sself-punishmentbyinnerfeelingsofremorse,guilt,orshameasrelevanttodeterminingthecostsofcommittingacrime.Ingeneral,rationalchoicetheorydoesnotaddresstheroleofanindividual’ssenseofmoralsorethicsindecision-making.Thus,economicsNoblestAmartyaSenseesthemodelofpeoplewhofollowrationalchoicemodelas“rationalfools”.
【答案】理性選擇理論
理性選擇理論,也被稱為選擇理論或理性行為理論,是用于理解社會(huì),正式對社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)行為的框架。理性,被解釋為“對最大利益的追求”,在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)模型中被廣泛用作個(gè)人行為的假設(shè),并出現(xiàn)在幾乎所有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教科書中關(guān)于人類決策的處理。它也是現(xiàn)代政治學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)和哲學(xué)的中心。它將“想要更多”與理性工具聯(lián)系起來,這涉及到尋求最經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的手段來實(shí)現(xiàn)特定目標(biāo),而不考慮該目標(biāo)的價(jià)值。GaryBacker是更廣泛地運(yùn)用理性行為者模式的早期支持者,他因研究歧視、犯罪和人力資本而獲得1992年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。
在理性選擇理論中,這些成本僅是非本質(zhì)的或外部的,而不是本質(zhì)的或者內(nèi)部的。也就是說,嚴(yán)格的理性選擇理論不會(huì)根據(jù)罪犯的內(nèi)心的悔恨,內(nèi)疚,或羞愧等自我懲罰以確定犯罪的成本。一般來說,理性選擇理論并不涉及個(gè)人道德或倫理意識在決策中的作用。因此,諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者AmartyaSen認(rèn)為,遵循理性選擇模式的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。
6.單選題
FirsttherewasaWashingtonPostarticlepublishedshortlyaftertheelectionsonthepresumptivenewHousespeaker,"MutedTonesofQuietAuthority:ALookSuitedtotheSpeaker."Itofferedtheinformationthat"Pelosi'ssuitwasbyGiorgioArmani—theItalianmasterofneutraltonesandmodernpowerdressing—andsheworeitwell."Thearticleatleastappearedinthenewspaper'sStylesection,butwaschock—fullofpsychoanalyticforaysintoPelosi'swardrobechoices,assertingthat"anArmanisuit,forawoman,isatoolforplayingwiththeboyswithoutpretendingtobeone."IwouldwagerthatPelosiisonewomanwhodoesn'tplayaroundwithanyone.
ThentherewasaNewYorkTimesarticleinJanuaryinitsThursdayStylessectiontitled"SpeakingChictoPower."WhilenotingthatPelosi,barelyinhernewjobamonth,hadbroughttheHousetovotesonaminimumwageincrease,stemcellresearchandMedicaredrugprices,thearticlesaid"shediditlookingpreternaturallyfresh,withawardrobethat.whitestillsubduedandover-reliantonsuits,hasseldomsprucedthehallsofCongress."
SimilararticlesappearedintheBaltimoreSunandChicagoTribune.Mentionedwereotherwomenpoliticiansandtheirfashionchoices,suchasSen.HillaryClinton'shairstyleandpreferenceforblackpantsuitsorFloridaRep.DebbieWassermanSchultz'shaircut.Thequestioniswhetherfocusingontheclothingchoicesofseriousfemalepoliticalplayersrisksrenderingthemlessthanserious.Anotherquestioniswhethersuchreportswarrantpreciousspace.Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits.
Somereportersandeditorshaven'tfiguredoutawaytocoverfemalepoliticiansthatdoesn'trelyontheoldstereotypes,saysGailDines,sociologyandwomen'sstudiesprofessoratWheelockCollegeinBoston."Tobeawomanpolitician,youhavetostrategizeandworkhard,andyetwhatmattersiswhatdesigneryou'rewearing.It'sawaytomakewomeninpowerlessscary,"Dinesnotes."It'sputtingwomenintoacomfortzoneforthosewhoarestillbaffledbyhowtotreatstrongwomen."
Thearticlesseemathrowbacktoatimewhenwomenwereonlyspouses,notplayers,saysRuthMandel,directoroftheEagletonInstituteofPoliticsatRutgersUniversity."Tofocusontheirattire,thecutoftheirclothes...istobeindangeroftrivializingwhotheyare,theimportantroletheyplayandthemeaningbehindwomen'sadvancementtopositionsofpower:Thatis,we'removingtoatruedemocracyofsharedleadership."
Theproblemisthemediahaven'tquitecaughtup."Awomanwhorisestoaleadershippositionatanylevelisgoingtodressappropriately,"saysKathleenHallJamieson,professorattheAnnenbergSchoolofCommunicationsattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."Jamiesonthinkstheunderlyingmotivationforreportingonfemalepoliticians'styleis"thenaturalnewsinterestintalkingaboutwhatchanges,andmendon'tlookdifferent.Thereisauniformformeninpowerandweallknowthatitlookslike.Theonlythingtochangeisthecoloroftheshirtortie."Becausewomenhavegreaterfashionoptions,changestheymakearemoreobviousandinviteanalysis.NowthatPelosi's"uniform"hasbeenestablished,thatshouldbetheendofit.DittoforClinton."Clintonnowhasarangeofwhatshewears."Jamiesonsays."Shehasn'tbeenchanginghairstylesorherpantsuits.Thatisourdefinitionofwhatshewears,andthatshouldendit."
TomRosenstiel,directoroftheProjectforExcellenceinJournalism,thinksreportingthatdescribeswomenpoliticians'appearanceisjustifiedinprofilesofthem.Femalepoliticianswillcertainlysurvivesuchsillycoverage,andsomearguethestoriesareharmless.Butthesewomenarerolemodelsforyoungwomenandofferanalternativetothefashionmodelandcelebrityinsettingthestandardforfemalebeautyandworth.
Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."Thesearefortunate,privilegedwomen,"Dinesnotesofpoliticians,butforyoungwomentryingtomakeitintheworld,howtheylookcanaffecttheiropportunities."
1.Thepassagemainlyabout().
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofPelosi?
3.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmalepoliticalleaders?
4.Somepeoplecontendthemedia().
5.ProfessorJamiesonbelievesthat().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.thecaptiouscoverageofpowerfulwomenattire
B.fashionablewomenleadersintheUSA
C.theseriousnessoffemalepoliticalplayers
D.theimportanceofmakingpowerfulwomenlessscary
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Shewascoveredinthenewspaperfashionsection.
B.Shebroughtsomecontroversialideastovoteinthehouse.
C.HerfashionbroughtanextraordinaryfreshnessintheHouse.
D.ShestakedonsomerecreationsastheHousespeaker.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Theytrivializefemalepoliticalleadersbyfocusingontheirattire.
B.Theyarealwaysbaffledbyhowtotreatwomeninpower.
C.Theyareseldominspectedcriticallyfortheirstyleofsuits.
D.Theyarepoliticallyrelevantbutdazzlinglycharismaticlooking.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.paysmoreonwomenpoliticiansthantheirmalecounterparts
B.setsthewomenpoliticiansanalternativestandardforfemalebeautyandworth
C.emphasizestheappearanceofthewomenpoliticianstodevaluatethem
D.isjustifiedtoputtheclothingchoicesofwomenpoliticiansonpreciousspace
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.dressingappropriatelyofwomenpoliticianswouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore
B.wehavethedefinitionofwhatSen.Clintonwears,andthatshouldbe.endofherstyleanalysis
C.nodistractionwouldbeearnedforthosepoliticiansinuniform
D.womenpoliticianswouldliketomakechangesandinviteanalysis
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講對有權(quán)勢的女性穿著所出現(xiàn)的挑剔報(bào)道。選項(xiàng)A正確。
2.根據(jù)一二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A,B,C在文中均有提及并且表述正確,只有選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。
3.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句"Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits."幾乎無一例外地,很少有人去細(xì)究男政治家們的服裝選擇。所以,選項(xiàng)C正確。
4.根據(jù)最后一段"Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."當(dāng)媒體強(qiáng)調(diào)女性的外貌時(shí),這會(huì)在更大范圍內(nèi)使貶低和限制女性的態(tài)度持久化。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
5.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"Jamieson"定位到第六段第三句"Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是她的能力而不是一種娛樂。你理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為這不再值得評論。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
7.單選題
Histalkwasgenerallywellreceived,butasforthestatisticshe(
),Idon'tthinkallofthemwereup-to-date.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.referredto
B.relatedto
C.adjustedto
D.appealedto
【答案】A
【解析】referto談到,提及;relateto涉及,有關(guān);adjustto調(diào)節(jié),調(diào)整以適應(yīng);appealto呼吁,上訴。句意:他的演講受到了普遍的歡迎,但關(guān)于他提及的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字,我不認(rèn)為所有的數(shù)據(jù)都是最新的。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
8.單選題
Idon’tmindabitifyoubringyourfriendsinforadrink,butitisrathertoomuchwhentenpeoplearrive()fordinner.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.unusually
B.excessively
C.consequently
D.unexpectedly
【答案】D
【解析】副詞詞義辨析。unexpectedly“出乎意料地”;unusually“顯著地”;excessively“過分地”;consequently“從而”。句意:我不介意你帶你的朋友來喝杯茶,但是當(dāng)十個(gè)人出乎意料地來家里吃晚飯時(shí)就有點(diǎn)太多了。
9.單選題
I()thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.perceived
B.deceived
C.conceived
D.received
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perceive“察覺,感知”;B選項(xiàng)deceive“欺騙”;C選項(xiàng)conceive“設(shè)想,構(gòu)思,認(rèn)為”;D選項(xiàng)receive“接收”。根據(jù)句意“我察覺到他的腿有點(diǎn)跛,所以我放慢了腳步。”選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
10.單選題
________arepoorobserversoftheirchild’sbehavior,sodeviantbehaviorreachesunmanageableproportions.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Parentsthat
B.Parents
C.Whenparents
D.Ifparents
【答案】B
【解析】考查連詞。句意:因?yàn)楦改覆簧朴谟^察孩子的行為,所以離譜的行為將會(huì)到達(dá)一個(gè)難以掌控的比例。這個(gè)句子關(guān)鍵詞是連詞so,我們要連接兩個(gè)完整的句子,所以答案選B;其他選項(xiàng)與題干結(jié)合都是把前面一半句當(dāng)成從句看待,從句不能算是真正意義上的句子只能在句子中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分,所以A,C,D選項(xiàng)不能選。
11.單選題
Parentsoftenfacedthe()betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.junction
B.paradox
C.premise
D.dilemma
【答案】D
【解析】名詞辨析。句意:父母經(jīng)常面臨這樣的
:是做自己認(rèn)為對孩子發(fā)展有利的事情還是坐視孩子毫無紀(jì)律的吵鬧和破壞。
junction接合點(diǎn),會(huì)合點(diǎn);paradox悖論,自相矛盾的人或事;premise前提,假設(shè);dilemma困境,進(jìn)退兩難??崭窈笥小癰etween...and...”,因此這里說的是父母在教育孩子時(shí)陷入進(jìn)退兩難的境況,D項(xiàng)dilemma符合句意。
12.單選題
(
)atconveyingherunderlyingmessagesthroughtheskilleduseofwordsthatherlecturewasgreetedbystudentswithdeafeningapplause.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Sosuccessfulthespeakerwas
B.Sosuccessfulwasthespeaker
C.Thespeakersosuccessful
D.Becausethespeakerwassosuccessful
【答案】B
【解析】句意:這位演講者通過巧妙的語言如此成功地表達(dá)了她的潛在信息,以致她的演講得到學(xué)生們震耳欲聾的掌聲。
語法題。考查部分倒裝。在so...that…句型中,如果so+形容詞提前,句子需要部分倒裝,故選B。
13.單選題
Likemostfathersandsons,wefought;itwasacoldwarlastingfromthe()ofmyadolescenceuntilIwentofftocollegein1973.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.setback
B.onset
C.drawback
D.offset
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。setback“挫折,退步”;onset“著手,開始;攻擊,進(jìn)攻”;drawback“缺點(diǎn),不利條件”;offset“抵消,補(bǔ)償”。句意:如同大部分父子,我們爭吵;有一次冷戰(zhàn)是從我的年少時(shí)期一直持續(xù)到1973年我上大學(xué)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
14.單選題
ThepompandceremonywithwhichPresidentBarackObamawillhostIndia’sPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghataWhiteHouse-statedinneronTuesdaywon’talteraperceptioninIndiathatithaslostgroundtoChinainthenewAdministration’sAsiapolicy.ManyinNewDelhisawObama’sperformancelastweekinBeijingasacquiescenttowardanemboldenedBeijing,NewDelhi’slongtimeregionalrival.AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.
TheymayhavewincedathisblundersinIraqandelsewhere,butmanyIndianswelcomedPresidentBush’sembrace,whichstrengthenedtiesbetweentheworld’slargestdemocraciestoanunprecedenteddegreeafterdecadesofColdWarestrangement.SinghfacedoppositionathomefrompartiesskepticalofclosetieswiththeU.S.,butstakedhispoliticalreputationonthegrowingrelationship—hisgovernmentwasalmostdeposedbypartiesoftheleftprotestinganuclear—technologydealheconcludedwiththeBushAdministration.
“UnderBush,IndiawasbeingencouragedtobeanAsianpower,”saysBrahmaChellaney,professorofstrategicstudiesattheCentreforPolicyResearch,aNewDelhi-basedthinktank.ImplicitintheBushagendawastheideaofhelpingarisingIndiabecomeademocraticbulwarkagainstauthoritarianChina.“Now”saysChellaney,“Obamaseesthingsthroughadifferentprism.”
OneexampleofthechangehasbeentheObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative,aloosealliancebetweenWashingtonandthreeotherprominentdemocraciesintheregion—India,JapanandAustralia—thatstagedjointnavalexercisesin2008.Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.
IndiananalystsbelieveObama’sforeignpolicyteammostlythinksofIndiainthecontextofotherregionalchallenges,particularlythedeterioratingsituationinAfghanistanandPakistan.China,withitsboomingeconomyandpositionasAmerica’sprimarycreditor,nowcarriesfarmoreweightinU.S.calculations.“ThegroundrealityisIndiaatthemomentdoesnotcountfortheU.S.inthesamewaythatChinaandPakistando,”saysBahukutumbiRaman,aformertopIndianintelligenceofficialandheadoftheCentreforTopicalStudiesinChennai.
Partofthepriceforthatnewreality,manyinIndiabelieve,isadowngradingoftheirownconcerns.SinghwillbeintheU.S.ontheanniversaryoflastyear’sMumbaiterrorattacks,traditionaltiestoPakistan’smilitaryintelligenceorganization,theISI.ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.TheagendaforSingh’svisitincludestalksonboostingintelligenceandcounterterrorismefforts,butIndiaremainsunwillingtobroachKashmirwithPakistanuntilIslamabaddemonstratesacommitmenttocrackdownonjihadistgroupsinitsmidst.
MoretroublingfortheIndiansthantheObamaAdministration’sprioritizingofAfghanistanwasaparagraphinthejointstatementreleasedduringthePresidentsBeijingvisit:itwelcomedChineseinvolvementinSouthAsiaandspokeofBeijing’sabilityto“promotepeace,stabilityanddevelopmentinthatregion.”InNewDelhi,thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.Chellaneysawthestatementasa“returntoakindofColdWarthinkingwheretwogreatpowerscandictatetermstoalesserone.”China’slong-standingborderdisputeswithIndia,anditsbuildingupofthePakistanimilitary,makesmanyinNewDelhireluctanttowelcomeBeijingasabenignpresence.Indeed,somefearIndiaisbeingencircledbyChineselisteningpostsandbasesaroundtheIndianOcean.AndwhentensionsspikedlastmonthoverChinapressingitsclaimtoterritoryinsideIndia,theU.S.remainedsilent.India’sgovernmentinsiststhere’sroomenoughforbothIndiaandChinatopeacefullyemergeasworldpowers,andSinghhasmadenocomplaintsaboutthechangeinatmosphereinWashington.Hisvisit,heinsists,issimplyanopportunity“torenewthepartnership.”It’lllooktoformalizeelementsofthenucleardealpennedlastyear,whichgrantsIndiaaccesstoarangeoftechnologiesthatithadpreviouslybeenblockedfromacquiring.Measureswillalsobetakentoexpandtrade,promoteeducationallinksandboostcooperationonresearchintovaccines.Thetwosidesarealsoexpectedtosoundtherightnotesonclimatechangewithoutmakinganysubstantialcommitments.
Despitetheirconcernsaboutrecentdevelopmentsintherelationship,manyinIndiaareconfidentintheircountry’slong-termtieswiththeU.S.Morethan3-millionpeopleofIndianoriginnowliveintheU.S.,whileIndianscomprisethebiggestpoolofforeignstudentsinAmericanuniversities,andwealthyIndianprofessionalsarecreatinganincreasinglyeffectiveIndialobbyinWashington.“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow”saysRaman,“butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.”
1.HowdidtheIndiansperceiveObama’sAsianPolicy?
2.WhydoesObamachoosenottopursuethequadrilateralinitiative?
3.FortheIndiagovernment,whatwouldbethedownsideofObama’sAsianpolicy?
4.HowdoestheIndiangovernmentinterpretthejointstatementreleasedduringObama’svisitinBeijing?
5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.TheybelievedtheObamaAdministrationappreciatedthefactthatBeijingwasbecomingbolder.
B.TheybelievedIndialostitscentralplaceintheBushAdministrationandObamafurtherdiminisheditsrole.
C.TheythoughtObamawastryingtofurtherstraintherelationsbetweenChinaandIndia,thetwolongtimeregionalrivals.
D.TheywereworryingthatIndiawasslightedbytheObamaAdministration.
問題2選項(xiàng)
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