專業(yè)八級分類模擬345

專業(yè)八級分類模擬345（總分：100.10，做題時(shí)間：90分鐘）一、READINGCOMPREHENS（（總題數(shù)：1分?jǐn)?shù)：100.00）SectionAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectionthereareseveralpassagesfollowedbyfourteenmultiple-choicequestions.Foreachmultiple-choicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PassageOneThesuddendeathofanadmiredpublicpersonalwaysseemsanimpossibility.Peopleascribeinvulnerability,nearimmortalitytoourcentersofattention.JohnKennedydies,anditcouldnothappen.JohnLennondies,anditcouldnothappen.Elvis,andGraceKelly,andshockaftershock.Andnowthisdeathofayoungwomanbywhomtheworldhadremainedshockedfromthemomentshefirstappearedbeforeit,whosenamecontainedtheshadowofherend:PrincessDi.Butwhowouldhavebelievedit?PeoplethoughteverythoughtthatcouldbethoughtaboutDiana,butnotdeath.Shewasbeauty,death"sopposite.Beautyisgivennotonlyaspecialplaceofhonorintheworldbutalsoakindofpermanence,asifitwereanexampleofthetendencyofnaturetoperfectitself,andthereforesomethingthatonceachieved,livesforever.Herlifeneverseemedastragicasitwasoftenmadeout—justsad,andalittleoff.Shemarriedthewrongman.Herin-lawscouldbevindictive.Foreveryphotographereagertocaptureapictureofherinoneofthoseastonishingeveninggownsorhats,anotherwashidinginthebushesreadytobringherdown.Onecannotthinkofanypublicstatementofhersthatwasespeciallybrilliantorwitty. Shewasmoreinnocentthanclever;evenherconfessionofanaffairtoareportersoundedgirlish.Ifpressed,fewcouldsayexactlywhatitwasthatmadehersoimportant,especiallytopeopleoutsideEngland,exceptforthefactthatonecouldnottakeone"seyesoffthewoman.Yetthatwasnosmallthing.Dianawassomeoneonehadtolookat,andsuchapersoncomesalongonceinabluemoon.Shehadasoftheart;thatwasevident.Shehadaknackforhelpingpeopleindistress.Andallsuchqualitiesroseinafacethateveryonewassimplypleasedtosee.Inaway,shewasmoreroyalthantheroyals.ShehadahigherstationthantheQueenofEngland;shewasthenominalyoungmonarchofherowncountryandofeveryotherplaceintheworld.Shewasthesentimentalfavoritefigurehead,whowasauthorizedtosignnotreaties,commandnoarmies,makenowars.Allshehadwasthewayshelookedandsoundedandbehaved.Nomodeloractresscouldholdacandletoher.Shewastheimageeverychildhasofaprincess—theonewhocanfeelthepeaunderthemattresses,whokissesthefrog,wholetsdownherhairfromthetowerwindow.Hermarriagewasgonelongbeforeherdeath.Astheyearswenton,itislikelythattherewouldhavebeenotherromancesafterDodiAIFayedtoticklethethrongs.Exactlyhowherlifewouldhaveprogressedishardtoimagine.Shewouldhavecontinuedtobeagoodmotherandaworkerfortheillandthepoor;shewouldhavebeenpicturedfromtimetotimeatadinnerpartyoronaboat.InolderageshemighthavebecometheKing"smother,welcomedbackintotheroyalfamilyatatimeoflifethatisautomaticallyaccordedstatus.Howwouldshehavelooked?Thehairwhiter,theskinabitmorelined,buttheeyeswouldstillhavehadthatsweetmixtureofkindnessandlonging.BythenthestoryofherandCharles,thescandalsandaccusations,mighthavebeenlostinsmoke.YetifpeoplenowwereaskedhowtheywillrememberDiana,whatpictureamongthethousandstheywillholdintheirmind,itwouldnotbeDianaatanofficialceremony,orwithaboyfriend,orevenwithherchildren.Itwouldbeheronthedayofherwedding,whenalltheworldwasgladtobehersubjectandwhenshegaveeveryonewholookedathertheimprobableideathatlifewasbeautiful.（此文選自Time）PassageTwoWeallknowthatwedon"tgetenoughsleep.Buthowmuchsleepdowereallyneed?Untilabout15yearsago,onecommontheorywasthatifyousleptatleastfourorfivehoursanight,yourcognitiveperformanceremainedintact;yourbodysimplyadaptedtolesssleep.Butthatideawasbasedonstudiesinwhichresearcherssentsleepysubjectshomeduringtheday—wheretheymayhavesneakedinnapsanddownedcoffee.EnterDavidDinges,theheadoftheSleepandChronobiologyLaboratoryattheHospitalatUniversityofPennsylvania,whohasthedistinctionofdeprivingmorepeopleofsleepthanperhapsanyoneintheworld.Inwhatwasthelongestsleep-restrictionstudyofitskind,Dingesandhisleadauthor,HansVanDongen,assigneddozensofsubjectstothreedifferentgroupsfortheir2003study,somesleptfourhours,otherssixhoursandothers,fortheluckycontrolgroup,eighthours—fortwoweeksinthelab.Everytwohoursduringtheday,theresearcherstestedthesubjects"abilitytosustainattentionwithwhat"sknownasthepsychomotorvigilancetask,orP.V.T.,consideredagoldstandardofsleepinessmeasures.DuringtheP.V.T.,themenandwomensatinfrontofcomputerscreensfor10-minuteperiods,pressingthespacebarassoonastheysawaflashofnumbersatrandomintervals.Evenahalf-secondresponsedelaysuggestsalapseintosleepiness,knownasamicrosleep.TheP.V.T.istediousbutsimpleifyou"vebeensleepingwell.Itmeasuresthesustainedattentionthatisvitalforpilots,truckdrivers,astronauts.Attentionisalsokeyforfocusingduringlongmeetings;forreadingaparagraphjustonce,insteadoffivetimes;fordrivingacar.Ittakestheequivalentofonlyatwo-secondlapseforadrivertoveerintooncomingtraffic.Notsurprisingly,thosewhohadeighthoursofsleephardlyhadanyattentionlapsesandnocognitivedeclinesoverthe14daysofthestudy.Whatwasinterestingwasthatthoseinthefourandsix-hourgroupshadP.V.T.resultsthatdeclinedsteadilywithalmosteachpassingday.Thoughthefour-hoursubjectsperformedfarworse,thesix-hourgroupalsoconsistentlyfelloff-task.Bythesixthday,25percentofthesix-hourgroup wasfallingasleepatthecomputer.Andattheendofthestudy,theywerelapsingfivestimesasmuchastheydidthefirstday.Thesix-hoursubjectsfarednobetter—steadilydecliningoverthetwoweeks—onatestofworkingmemoryinwhichtheyhadtoremembernumbersandsymbolsandsubstituteonefortheother.Thesamewastrueforanaddition-subtractiontaskthatmeasuresspeedandaccuracy.Alltold,bytheendoftwoweeks,thesix-hoursleeperswereasimpairedasthosewho,inanotherDingesstudy,hadbeensleep-deprivedfor24hoursstraight —thecognitiveequivalentofbeinglegallydrunk.So,formostofus,eighthoursofsleepisexcellentandsixhoursisnogood,butwhataboutifwesplitthedifference?Whatisthethresholdbelowwhichcognitivefunctionbeginstoflag?WhileDinges"sstudywasunderway,hiscolleagueGregoryBelenky,thendirectorofthedivisionofneuroscienceattheWalterReedArmyInstituteofResearchinSilverSpring,Md.,wasrunningasimilarstudy.Hepurposelyrestrictedhissubjectstooddnumbersofsleephours—three,five,sevenandninehours—sothattogetherthestudieswouldofferafullerpictureofsleep-restriction.Belenky"snine-hoursubjectsperformedmuchlikeDinges"seight-hourones.Butintheseven-hourgroup,theirresponsetimeontheP.V.T.slowedandcontinuedtodosoforthreedays,beforestabilizingatlowerlevelsthanwhentheystarted.Americansaverage6.9hoursonweeknights,accordingtotheNationalSleepFoundation.Whichmeansthat,whetherwelikeitornot,wearenotthinkingasclearlyaswecouldbe.Ofcourseourlivesaremorestimulatingthanasleeplab:wehavecoffee,brightlights,thesocialbuzzoftheoffice,allofwhichworkas"countermeasures"tosleepiness.They candothejobforonlysolong,however.AsBelenky,whonowheadsuptheSleepandPerformanceResearchCenteratWashingtonStateUniversity,Spokane,whereVanDongenisalsoaprofessor,toldmeaboutcognitivedeficits:"Youdon"tseeitthefirstday.Butyoudoinfivetosevendays."Andit"snotclearthatwecanrelyonweekendstomakeupforsleepdeprivation.Dingesisnowrunningalong-termsleeprestrictionand recoverystudytoseehow manynightsweneedtoeraseoursleepdebt.Butpaststudiessuggestthat,atleastinmanycases,onenightalonewon"tdoit.(此文選自InternationalHeraldTribune)PassageThreeTherearemorethan300millionofusintheUnitedStates,andsometimesitseemslikewe"reallfriendsonFacebook.ButthesadtruthisthatAmericansarelonelierthanever.Between1985and2004,thenumberofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripled,to25percent,accordingtoDukeUniversityresearchers.Unfortunately,asanewstudylinkingwomentoincreasedriskofheartdiseaseshows,allthislonelinesscanbedetrimentaltoourhealth.Thebadnewsdoesn"tjustaffectwomen.Socialisolationinalladultshasbeenlinkedtoaraftofphysicalandmentalailments,includingsleepdisorders,highbloodpressure,andanincreasedriskofdepressionandsuicide.Howlonelyyoufeeltodayactuallypredictshowwellyou"llsleeptonightandhowdepressedyou"llfeelayearfromnow,saysJohnT.Cacioppo,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofChicagoandcoauthorofLoneliness:HumanNatureandtheNeedforSocialConnection.Studieshaveshownthatlonelinesscancausestresslevelstoriseandcanweakentheimmunesystem.Lonelypeoplealsotendtohavelesshealthylifestyles,drinkingmorealcohol,eatingmorefatteningfood,andexercisinglessthanthosewhoarenotlonely.ThoughmoreAmericansthaneverarelivingalone(25percentofUShouseholds,upfrom7percentin1940),theconnectionbetweensingle-livingandlonelinessisinfactquiteweak."Someofthemostprofoundlonelinesscanhappenwhenotherpeoplearepresent,"saysHarryReis,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofRochester.Takecollegefreshmen:eventhoughthey"resurroundedbypeoplealmostallthetime,manyfeelincrediblyisolatedduringthefirstquarteroftheschoolyearwiththeirfriendsandfamilymembersfaraway,Caciopposays.Studieshaveshownthathowlonelyfreshmenwillfeetcanbepredictedbyhowmanymilestheyarefromhome.Bythesecondquarter,however,mostfreshmenhavefoundsocialreplacementsfortheirhigh-schoolfriends.Unfortunately,asweage,itbecomesmoredifficulttorecreatethosesocialrelationships.AndthatcanbeabigproblemasAmericabecomesamoretransientsociety,withanincreasingnumberofAmericanswhosaythatthey"rewillingtomoveawayfromhomeforajob.Lonelinesscanberelative:ithasbeendefinedasanaversiveemotional responsetoaperceiveddiscrepancybetweenaperson"sdesiredlevelsofsocialinteractionandthecontactthey"reactuallyreceiving.Peopletendtomeasurethemselvesagainstothers,feelingparticularlyaloneincommunitieswheresocialconnectionisthenorm.That"swhycollectivistcultures,likethoseinSouthernEurope,havehigherlevelsoflonelinessthanindividualistcultures,Caciopposays.Forthesamereason,isolatedindividualsfeelmostacutelyaloneonholidayslikeChristmasEveorThanksgiving,whenmostpeoplearesurroundedbyfamilyandfriends.Still,lonelinessisanaturalbiologicalsignalthatweallhave.Indeed,lonelinessservesanadaptivepurpose,makingusprotectandcareforoneanother.Lonelinessessentiallyputsthebrainonhighalert,encouragingusnottoeatleftoversfromtherefrigeratorbuttocallafriendandeatout.Certainsituationalfactorscantriggerloneliness,butlong-termfeelingsofemptinessandisolationarepartlygenetic,Caciopposays.What"sinheritedisnotlonelinessitself,butrathersensitivitytodisconnection.Social-networkingsiteslikeFacebookandMySpacemayprovidepeoplewithafalsesenseofconnectionthatultimatelyincreaseslonelinessinpeoplewhofeelalone.Thesesitesshouldserveasasupplement,butnotreplacementfor,face-to-faceinteraction,Caciopposays.Forpeoplewhofeelsatisfiedandlovedintheirday-to-daylife,socialmediacanbeareassuringextension.Forthosewhoarealreadylonely,Facebookstatusupdatesarejustareminderofhowmuchbettereveryoneelseisatmakingfriendsandhavingfun.Sohowmanyfriendsdoyouneedtoavoidloneliness?Anintrovertmightneedoneconfidantenottofeellonely,whereasanextrovertmightrequiretwo,three,orfourbosombuddies.Expertssayit"snotthequantityofsocialrelationshipsbutthequalitythatreallymatters."Themostpopularkidinschoolmaystillfeellonely,"Caciopposays."Therearealotofstarswhohavebeenidolsandlivedlonelylives."(此文選自Newsweek)PassageFourLaos,apoorcountryof6millionpeoplewedgedbetweenVietnamandThailand,hasnoopeningstotheseaandfewroutestoworldattention.Butitisnowenjoyingararemomentinthesun.LastmonthitwonapprovaltojointheWorldTradeOrganisation.ThisweekithostedtheninthAsia-Europemeeting,whichbringstogetherleadersfromtheworld"smostandleastdynamicregions.Itssmalleconomy,whichexportsgold,copperandhydropower,isdistinguishingitself.Itsgrowthrateisnotonlyoneofthefastestintheworldbutalsooneofthesteadiest.Inspiteofthefluctuatedgrowthrateworldwide,growthindevelopingAsia,especiallyinIndonesiaandBangladesh,isnowsteadier,aswellasfaster,thangrowthinthe"mature"economiesoftheG7.The"GreatModeration"isthenamegiventotheeraofeconomictranquilitythatprevailedinAmericaandelsewhereintherichworldbeforethefinancialcrisis.ShouldthelabelnowbeappliedtoAsia?Asia"seconomiesarebetterknownfortheirspeedthantheirstability. Evennowsomehighlyopeneconomies,suchasThailand,Singapore,remainmorevolatilethantheglobalaverage.Exposedtointernationaltradeflows,theirindustrialoutputfluctuateslikeatwirlingribbonwitheverytwitchofdemand.ButdevelopingAsia(whichexcludesricheconomieslikeSingapore,SouthKorea)isdominatedbypopulouscountriesthatrelyincreasinglyondomesticdemandtodrivetheireconomies.Householdconsumptioncontributedhalfofthegrowthofjustover6%Indonesiaenjoyedintheyeartothethirdquarter.DevelopingAsia"scombinedcurrent-accountsurplus,whichreflectsitsdependenceonforeigndemand,morethanhalvedfrom2008to2011andisexpectedtofallfurtherthisyear.Asia"sstabilityalsoowessomethingtodemandmanagement.DuringtheAsianfinancialcrisis,policymakersfacedadilemma.Theycoulddefendtheirexchangeratesbyraisinginterestrates.Butthatwouldcrippleborrowers.Ortheycouldlettheircurrenciesfallandeaserates.Butthatwouldinflatetheburdenofforeign-currencydebt,cripplingborrowerstoo.Intheaftermathofthecrisistheregionworkeditswayoutofthistrap.Mostcountriesaccumulatedanimpressivestockofhard-currencyreservesandweanedthemselvesoffforeignbankloansinfavourofforeignequityandlocal-currencybonds.Becausetheseliabilitiesweredenominatedintheirowncurrency,theydidnotriseinvaluewhenthecurrencyfelt.Thathasfreedpolicymakerstocutinterestrateswhentheeconomyslows.Indonesia"scentralbank,forexample,slashedratesbythreepercentagepointsfromDecember2008toAugust2009.ItcutratesbyanotherpointfromOctober2011toFebruary2012.Thanksinparttoitsresponsivecentralbank,Indonesia"syear-on-yeargrowthratesoverthepast20quartershavebeenthemoststableintheworld.WisemonetarypolicywasalsooneofthereasonscitedfortheGreatModerationenjoyedbytheG7economies.Anotherwasthesupposeddepthandsophisticationoftherichworld"sfinancialsystems,which,itwassaid,allowedhouseholdstosmooththeirspending,firmstodiversifytheirborrowingandbankstounburdentheirbalance-sheets.Bothofthesepillarsofstabilityprovedfalsecomforts.EconomistshadnotquitesettledonanexplanationfortheGreatModerationbeforeitinconvenientlyceasedtoexist.Worryingly,Asia"sgreatmoderationhasalsobeenaccompaniedbysharplyrisingcredit. AccordingtoFredNeumannofHSBC,leverageisnowhigherthanatanytimesincetheAsianfinancialcrisis.Thiscreditexpansionmayrepresenthealthy"financialdeepening",whichmanyeconomistsbelieveisacauseofgrowthandstability.Butrisingleveragecanalsobeathreattostability.ThelateHymanMinsky,amongothers,arguedthatdropsinvolatilityallowfirmsandhouseholdstoborrowmoreofthemoneytheyinvest.Stability,inMinsky"sformulation,eventuallybecomesdestabilising.Overleveragedoesnotrequireexcessiveoptimism,merelyexcessivecertitude;notfastgrowth,merelysteadygrowth.Fortunately,Asia"spolicymakersneversharedtheWest"sfaithinself-correctingfinancialsystems.Theregionhaspioneered"macro-prudential"regulations,designedtocurbexcessivecreditandcapitalflowsevenwithoutraisinginterestrates.InMarch,forexample,Indonesiatightenedloan-to-valueratiosonmortgagesandimposedminimumdownpaymentsoncarandmotorbikeloans.Mr.Neumannis,however,skepticalthatregulatorytighteningcansubstituteforthemonetarykind.Macro-prudentialcontrolsarenotwatertight,henotes.Aslongascapitalremainscheap,moneywillleak.Iftheregulatorlowersmortgageloan-to-valueratios,forexample,banksmaysimplyraisetheappraisedvalueofahome.Ifregulatorsimpedeforeignpurchasesofproperty,asHongKongjustdid,foreignerswillseekinventivewaysaroundtherules.HongKong"sfreedomtoraiseratesisconstrainedbyitscurrency"sfixedlinktothedollar,oneofthefewpegstosurvivetheAsianfinancialcrisis.Othercentralbanksdonothavethatexcuse.Currencyflexibilityhasgiventhemthefreedomtocutrateswhengrowthslows.Itshouldalsoallowthemtoraiserateswhenfinancialexcessthreatens —evenifratesremainnearzeroinAmerica,EuropeandJapan.Ifstablegrowthallowslendersorborrowerstobecomeoverstretched,itcan"sowtheseedsofitsowndestruction",Mr.Neumannargues.Nothinggreataboutthat.(此文選自TheEconomist)(分?jǐn)?shù)：100.10).Theauthor"smainpurposeofmentioningJohnKennedy,JohnLennon,ElvisandGraceKellyinthefirstparagraphisto .(PassageOne)(分?jǐn)?shù)：4.55)showthatDiana"sdeathisassuddenandunexpectedastheirsillustratethatDianawasasprominentandpopularastheywereexpresshowregretfulpeoplefeltforthetossofDiana Vimplythatpeoplecouldnotacceptthefactthattheyhaddied解析：［解析］推斷題。文章第一句指出，但凡有令人愛戴的公眾人物去世，人們總是會覺得難以置信，希望他們能夠永垂不朽。接下來作者用排比的方式列舉了肯尼迪總統(tǒng)等人的去世給大家?guī)淼拇驌?，進(jìn)而引出戴安娜之死，由文中“shockafter shock”和“remainedshocked”可以判斷，作者提到肯尼迪等人的目的是為了說明戴安娜的去世和這些人物的去世一樣，使人們感到遺憾和難過，因此答案是 C。."That"inthefirstsentenceofParagraphFiverefersto .(PassageOne)(分?jǐn)?shù)：4.55)anyofDiana"sbrilliantorwittypublicstatementsDiana"sinnocentconfessionofanaffairtoareporterwhatmadeDianasoimportantVthefactthatonecouldnottakeone"seyesoffDiana解析：［解析］語義題。第四段最后一句指出，人們無法確切地說出究竟是什么讓她變得那么重要，但就是無法不去關(guān)注她，第五段緊接著講“thatwasnosmallthing”，由此推斷，她受關(guān)注和愛戴的原因不管到底是什么，總歸是非同一般的事情，第五段最后一句提到的“allsuchqualities”更驗(yàn)證了第五段是在解釋戴安娜為何會受人愛戴的原因。由此可知，that指代的是“到底是什么讓戴安娜受人愛戴”，故C正確。.Whichofthefollowingwordisusedliterally,NOTmetaphorically?(PassageOne)(分?jǐn)?shù)：4.55)Moon(ParagraphFive).Candle(ParagraphSix).Smoke(ParagraphSeven).Subject(ParagraphEight). V解析：［解析］修辭題?！皊ubject”有“國民，臣民”之意，正符合最后一段末句的語境，并不是修辭用法，故答案為D。第五段第二句用“comesalongonceinabluemoon ”來表明戴安娜在人們心目中的地位，“inabluemoon”比喻"罕見的、稀有的東西"，因此“moon在此表達(dá)的并非字面含義，故排除A；第六段倒數(shù)第二句指出，沒有演員或者模特能夠與戴安娜媲美，“ holdacandletosomebody”的意思是“與某人相提并論”，“candle”并非字面含義，故排除B；第七段最后一句的意思是：到那時(shí)，她與查爾斯王子的恩怨也許早已煙消云散，“smoke并非字面含義，故排除 Co.TheauthordoesNOTmentionPrincessDiana"s . (PassageOne)(分?jǐn)?shù)：4.55)outerandinnerbeautypersonallifecharitableheartpoliticalinfluences V解析：［解析］細(xì)節(jié)題。第六段第二句中的“nominal”和第三句中的“figurehead"說明戴安娜并無任何實(shí)權(quán)，“既不能簽署任何官方條約，又不能指揮軍隊(duì)，更不能發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭”，由此判斷，本文并未提及她的政治影響力，故答案是 D。第二段第三句“shewasbeauty”說明作者提到了戴安娜的外在美，第四段講她的機(jī)智聰明可以看作是對她內(nèi)在美的表述，因此排除 A;第三段和第七段都提到了她的婚姻，還有她的緋聞，這都是她的個(gè)人生活，故排除 B；第五段倒數(shù)第二句的“helpingpeopleindistress "和第七段第四句中的“aworkerfortheillandthepoor ”都顯示出她心懷慈悲，故排除 Co.Theoldcommontheorywasthatifyousleptatleastfourorfivehoursanight, .(PassageTwo)(分?jǐn)?shù)：4.55)yourperformancewouldbepoorbecauseofcognitivedeficitsyouwouldfallasleepinfrontofthecomputeryouwouldbecomeenergeticbecauseyourlifewasstimulatingyouwouldworknormallybecauseyourbodycouldadapttoit V解析：［解析］細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“commontheory"定位到第一段。該段第三句提到，大約在15年前，有一種達(dá)成共識的理論，那就是如果你每晚至少能保持四至五個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠，你的認(rèn)知能力就不會受到損傷，你的身體完全能夠適應(yīng)較少的睡眠。 D“你能夠正常工作因?yàn)槟愕纳眢w能夠適應(yīng)它”與之相符， 是正確答案。A“由于認(rèn)知障礙，工作表現(xiàn)將很差”，在第三句中已經(jīng)說明了認(rèn)知能力不會受到損傷，不會產(chǎn)生認(rèn)知障礙，故排除；B“將會在電腦前睡著”在文中并沒有提及，故排除； C“由于生活很刺激，你將會很有活力”，在共識中沒有涉及此內(nèi)容，故排除。.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutP.V.T.? (PassageTwo)(分?jǐn)?shù)：4.55)Itisastandardofsleepinessmeasures.Itisaneasybutthought-provokingtest. VItcantellalapseintosleepiness.Itcanmeasurethesustainedattention.解析：［解析］推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 P.V.T.定位到第三、四段。第四段第一句提到，用 P.V.T.法檢測睡眠雖單調(diào)乏味但卻簡單有效， 故B與原文意思不符，是正確答案。A“它是衡量睡眠充足程度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”與第三段第一句意思相符，故排除；C“它能辨明是否進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)”與第三段第三句意思一致，故排除；D“它能夠衡量注意力的持續(xù)”與第四段第二句意思一致，故排除。.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphFivethat . (PassageTwo)(分?jǐn)?shù)：4.55)8-hoursubjectsfaredthebestamongthreegroups Vthe6-hoursubjectsbegantodeclineinthemiddleofthestudyhalfofthe6-hoursubjectsfellasleepatthecomputer4-hoursubjectsweremoreimpairedthan6-hoursubjects解析：［解析］推斷題。根據(jù)題干提示定位到第五段。該段主要講述了丁格斯進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)最長睡眠限制期的研究結(jié)果。該段第一、二句指出，在為期14天的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，達(dá)到八小時(shí)睡眠的受試者幾乎沒有出現(xiàn)任何注意力分散或認(rèn)知能力下降的現(xiàn)象，四小時(shí)組的受試者情況則很糟，還有六小時(shí)組參與者的表現(xiàn)也在走下坡路。A“八小時(shí)睡眠的受試者在三個(gè)組中進(jìn)展最好”與之相符，是正確答案。 該段第二句指出，四小時(shí)與六小時(shí)組的受試者的表現(xiàn)是日復(fù)一日逐步下降的， 并不是到了實(shí)驗(yàn)中期才開始下降的， B“六小時(shí)組的受試者在實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行到一半時(shí)表現(xiàn)開始下降”與文意不符，故排除；該段第四句指出，到了第六天時(shí)，六小時(shí)組中 25%的人在電腦前進(jìn)入了夢鄉(xiāng)，C“六小時(shí)組的一半受試者都在電腦前睡著了”與文意不一致，故排除； D“四小時(shí)組受試者比六小時(shí)組受試者受損程度大”，文中并沒有涉及二者之間的比較，故排除。.WhydidGregoryBelenkyrestricthissubjectstooddnumbersofsleephours? (PassageTwo)(分?jǐn)?shù)：4.55)Becausehecouldacquiremorepreciseinformation. VBecausehecouldprovidedifferenttests.Becausehecouldfindouttheutmosteffectsofsleep.Becausehecouldobservetherelationshipbetweensleepandcognition.解析：［解析］細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“GregoryBelenky”定位到第六段。該段第四句提到，格雷戈里?貝恩凱為了想知道低于多少小時(shí)的睡眠會造成認(rèn)知功能下降，他故意把他們的睡眠小時(shí)數(shù)限制在奇數(shù)上，如3、5、7、9等，結(jié)果他的九小時(shí)組受試者表現(xiàn)得與丁格斯八小時(shí)組成員不相上下，而七小時(shí)組的參與者在接受P.V.T.測試時(shí)反應(yīng)也慢了，這意味著，大部分人的睡眠都不夠，思維能力都沒有應(yīng)有的那么清晰。A“因?yàn)樗艿玫礁_切的信息”與原文一致，為正確答案。 B“因?yàn)樗M(jìn)行不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)”、 C“因?yàn)樗馨l(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠的最大作用”和 D“因?yàn)樗苡^察到睡眠與認(rèn)知能力之間的關(guān)系”都與這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)分組的目的不相符，故均可排除。.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongthefactorsthatmaycausepeopletofeellonely?(PassageThree)(分?jǐn)?shù)：4.55)Lesshealthylifestyles. VBeingfarawayfromfamilyandfriends.Holidayatmosphere.Sensitivitytoisolation.解析：［解析］細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段最后一句可知，“亞健康的生活方式”是孤獨(dú)感帶來的后果之一，而不是造成孤獨(dú)的原因，因此選A。第三段第三至五句用大學(xué)新生的例子來證明孤獨(dú)感可能會與離家和朋友的距離遠(yuǎn)近有關(guān)，故排除B;第四段最后一句講到孤獨(dú)感是相對的，在圣誕節(jié)或感恩節(jié)這樣的團(tuán)聚時(shí)刻，獨(dú)處的人會感到格外孤獨(dú)，故排除C;第五段的最后提到孤獨(dú)感在一定程度上是由基因引起的，因?yàn)閷陋?dú)的那種敏感可能會遺傳，故排除D。.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage? (PassageThree)(分?jǐn)?shù)：4.55)Thereareapproximately8%ofAmericanswhoclaimedtobelonelyin1985.Collegesophomorestendtobelonelierthanfreshmen. VThemoreyouexpectofsocialinteraction,thelonelieryoufeeliftherealityisthereverse.Peoplewhooftenfeellonelyarelikelytohavelonelychildren.解析：［解析］推斷題。第三段倒數(shù)第三句提到大學(xué)新生在第一學(xué)期的后幾個(gè)月就會慢慢交到新朋友，孤獨(dú)感會有所緩和，由此推斷，二年級學(xué)生的情況會比新生好一些，故 B為答案。第一段第三句的關(guān)鍵在對“tripledto25% ”(增至25%)的理解上，由此可推算出 1985年的數(shù)字應(yīng)該約在8%故排除A;第四段第一句給出孤獨(dú)感的定義，當(dāng)人們對社會交往的期望與實(shí)際情況產(chǎn)生了差異，就會產(chǎn)生孤獨(dú)感，故排除 C；第五段最后說對孤獨(dú)的敏感可能會遺傳，如果父母經(jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)的話，他們的孩子很有可能遺傳了對孤獨(dú)的敏感，故排除D。.Thispassagemainlytalksabout . (PassageThree)(分?jǐn)?shù)：4.55)causesofloneliness VeffectsoflonelinesswaystoavoidlonelinesslonelinessandlifestylesTOC\o"1-5"\h\z解析：［解析］主旨題。雖然第一、二段提到了孤獨(dú)感可能帶來的后果，但接下來用大量篇幅解釋可能會引發(fā)孤獨(dú)感的原因，也只有在最后一段提到了避免孤獨(dú)感最重要的是社會交往的質(zhì)量，因此選 A。.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECaTboutLaos?(PassageFour)(分?jǐn)?shù)：4.55)ThepopulationofLaosismorethanthatofThailand.ltusedtoreceivelittleattentionfromworldwide. VItseconomymainlyreliesonexports.ltsgrowthrateisfasterandsteadierthananyothercountries.解析：［解析］細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Laos”定位到文章第一段。該段首句指出老撾鮮受關(guān)注，因此 B為正確選項(xiàng)。該段第一句指出老撾的人口約為 600萬，并未提及泰國人口總數(shù)，故排除 A;該段第五句指出老撾經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模極小，在對外出口黃金、銅和水力資源方面占有優(yōu)勢，而非其經(jīng)濟(jì)主要依賴出口，故排除C；/r/