考研考博-英語-信陽農(nóng)林學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-信陽農(nóng)林學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“飆升，驟然上升”；B選項(xiàng)“突變，變成”；C選項(xiàng)“驟降，暴跌”；D選項(xiàng)“上下波動”，句意：根據(jù)最新的報(bào)告，上個月消費(fèi)者信心指數(shù)（）驚人的15點(diǎn)，達(dá)到了9年來的最低水平。既然說了是最低水平，那么句意應(yīng)該是“下降了驚人的15個點(diǎn)”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperience,followanargument,askproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations.

Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecomplex,theimitationgetsbetter.Finally,

thelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorso,wewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife.

Theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsaspartoftheequipmentforsurvival.

Computersmatchpeopleinsomeroles,andwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisis,theyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup.

Wearestillincontrol,butthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticrate,whilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowly,ifasall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990,whenthesixthgenerationappears,thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain.

Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepast,wecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthenewspeciesmustbeman’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon.

1.WhatdoyousupposewastheattitudeofDr.SamuelJohnsontowardsladiespreaching?

2.Today,computersarestillinferiortomanintermsof（

）.

3.Intermsofmakingquickdecisions,thehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththe

computerbecause（

）.

4.Thoughhethinkshighlyofthedevelopmentofcomputerscience,theauthordoesn’tmeanthat（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsinTRUE?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hebelievedthatladieswerebornworsepreachersthanmen.

B.Hewaspleasedthatladiescouldpreach,thoughnotaswellasmen.

C.Hedisapprovedofladiespreaching.

D.Heencouragedladiestopreach

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.decisionmaking

B.drivesandfeelings

C.growthofreasoningpower

D.informationabsorption

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.inthelongprocessofevolutiontheslowpaceoflifedidn’trequiresuchabilityofthehumanbrain.

B.thehumanbrainisinfluencedbyotherfactorssuchasmotivationandemotion

C.thehumanbrainmaysometimesfreezeupinadangeroussituation

D.computersimitatelifewhilethehumanbraindoesnotimitatecomputers/

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.computersarelikelytobecomeanewformofintelligentlife.

B.humanbeingshavelostcontrolofcomputers.

C.theintelligenceofcomputerswilleventuallysurpassthatofhumanbeings.

D.theevolutionofintelligencewillprobablydependonthatofelectronicbrains.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Futuremanwillbemadeofsiliconinsteadoffleshandblood.

B.Somedayitwillbedifficulttotellacomputerfromaman.

C.Thereasoningpowerofcomputershasalreadysurpassedthatofman

D.Futureintelligentlifemaynotnecessarilybemadeoforganicmatter.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一句asDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall提到關(guān)于電腦最讓人驚訝的不是它們沒有人類擅長思考，而是它們竟然可以思考，就如同Samuel博士對于女人布道的看法一樣，他認(rèn)為讓人驚訝的是女人能布道。選項(xiàng)B符合題意，他為女人能布道感到開心，雖然沒有男人好。

2.文章第三段theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures提到電腦缺乏人類的動力和情感。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章第四段havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefect提到在生活節(jié)奏緩慢的情況下，人類的大腦有一個固有的缺點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章倒數(shù)第二段thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain提到由硅做出來的人工智能的推理能力將會追上人腦，由此可知計(jì)算機(jī)最終會擁有和人一樣的推理能力，成為新的智能生命形式，選項(xiàng)A排除；作者在最后一段中提及計(jì)算機(jī)將超越人類的成就（anewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievements），并且提到智力的進(jìn)化不會停止，因?yàn)槿祟悓?chuàng)造出一個新的智力物種（newspecies）選項(xiàng)C、D排除。所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章最后一段最后一句話thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon提到這種新的智能生命體更可能由硅組成，可知不是必須由有機(jī)物構(gòu)成這個說法是對的，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Thenewsyoutoldmetheotherdayhasyettobe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affirmed

B.informed

C.confirmed

D.conformed

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)affirm“確認(rèn)，斷言”；B選項(xiàng)inform“通知，告密”；C選項(xiàng)confirm“確認(rèn)，證實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)conform“符合，遵守”。根據(jù)句意“你前幾天告訴我的消息還沒有被證實(shí)。”選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

TheAmericanCivilWarisbelievedtohavestemmedfromdifferencesoverslavery.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arisenfrom

B.contributedto

C.patchedup

D.participatedin

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。句意:美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是（

）人們對奴隸制是否廢除持不同的態(tài)度。

arisefrom產(chǎn)生于，起因于。contributeto有助于，捐獻(xiàn)。patchup修補(bǔ)，平息。participatein參加，分擔(dān)。stemfrom:起源于，來自于。故選A。

5.單選題

Manypartsofanaircraftare______together.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reshuffled

B.repulsed

C.reverted

D.riveted

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.reshuffled進(jìn)行崗位調(diào)整；更改職責(zé)配置B.repulsed拒絕；驅(qū)逐

C.reverted回復(fù)；歸還D.riveted吸引??；用鉚釘固定住

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息partsofanaircraft（飛機(jī)的零件）和關(guān)鍵詞together（一起）可知，空格處填入“組裝，固定”符合句子意思，四個選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】飛機(jī)的許多部件是用鉚釘鉚接在一起的。

6.單選題

V.(ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw)

IwishtotakeasmysubjectJusticeScalia’s1988TaftLecture,Originalism:TheLesserEvil.Thepublishedversionofthislecturehashadanenormousinfluence.Itisamongthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticlesand—togetherwithJusticeScalia’sintroductiontoAMatterofInterpretation—helpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.Indeed,hisTaftLecturecanbecreditedwithcontributingtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualcomebackstoriesoflegalscholarship.

Inthe1980svariousleadingfiguresinconstitutionallawtookaimatthecontentionthattheConstitutionshouldbeinterpretedaccordingtotheoriginalintentionsofitsframers.Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbythreeunanswerableobjections.First,originalismisimpracticalbecauseitisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatethevariousintentionsheldbynumerousframers.Second,originalismisactuallycontrarytotheoriginalintentionsofthefoundinggenerationwhothemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent.Finally,originalismistoberejectedbecauseitiswrongforthelivingtobeboundbythedeadhandofthepast.

InhisTaftLecture,JusticeScaliawasperhapsthefirstdefenderoforiginalismtoshiftthetheoryfromitspreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment.Thisshiftfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningobviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism.Thatlanguagehasanaccessiblepublicmeaningiswhatenablesinterpersonalcommunication.Ifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother.Indeed,theobjectivetheorybywhichprivatecontractsarenormallyinterpretedassumestheavailabilityofsuchmeaning.Andtheverysameevidencethatshowsthefoundinggenerationrejectingrelianceontheintentionsoftheframersalsoshowstheirrelianceontheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetext.

Shiftingfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningdidlittletoanswerthe“deadhand”objection,however.Whybeboundbythepast?Forthat,JusticeScaliaandotheroriginalistshadtodevelopatheoryofconstitutionallegitimacy.Mostoriginalistsstressedthetheoryofpopularsovereignty.TheycontendedthattheConstitutionisanauthoritativeexpressionofthewillofthePeople,whichjudgesareduty-boundtofollow.

RANDYE.BARNETT:“Scalia’sInfidelity:ACritiqueofFaint-HeartedOriginalism”

67.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacommentofJusticeScalia’s1988Lecturebytheauthor?

68.ThefollowingarecriticalcommentsofOriginalismexcept___.

69.ThecontributionofJusticeScaliatooriginalismisthathe___.

70.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisoneofthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticles.

B.Itcontributedtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualreviewoflegalscholarship.

C.Ithelpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.

D.Ithadanenormousinfluence.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbyunanswerableobjections

B.itisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatetheintentionsofsomanyframers

C.peopleinthe20thcenturyshouldnotbeboundbythedeadhandofthepast

D.thefoundersoftheUSthemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.obviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism

B.foundthatlanguagehadanaccessiblepublicmeaningwaswhatenabledinterpersonalcommunication

C.foundthatifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother

D.shiftedthepreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.originalpublicmeaningdidanswerthe“deadhand”objection

B.judgeshavethedutytofollowthewillofthepeople

C.anewtheoryofpopularsovereigntywasdevelopedtoanswerthe“deadhand”objection

D.oneshouldnotbeboundbythepast

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】67.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“JusticeScalia”定位到原文第一段Itisamongthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticlesand—togetherwithJusticeScalia’sintroductiontoAMatterofInterpretation—helpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.（它是最常被引用的法律評論文章之一，與斯卡利亞大法官對《解釋問題》的介紹一起，幫助塑造了目前關(guān)于正確解釋憲法方法的辯論）可知C選項(xiàng)“它幫助形成了目前關(guān)于正確的憲法解釋方法的辯論”和原文有出入，是斯卡利亞法官1988年演講和斯卡利亞大法官對《解釋問題》的介紹一起塑造了目前關(guān)于正確解釋憲法方法的辯論，而不僅僅是斯卡利亞法官1988年演講；以及A選項(xiàng)“這是最常被引用的法律評論文章之一”符合原文；第一段Indeed,hisTaftLecturecanbecreditedwithcontributingtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualcomebackstoriesoflegalscholarship.（的確，史格里亞大法官關(guān)于原意論的講座對法律學(xué)術(shù)的重新檢閱與完善做出了貢獻(xiàn)）可知B選項(xiàng)“它對法學(xué)界最引人注目的學(xué)術(shù)評論之一做出了貢獻(xiàn)”正確；第一段Thepublishedversionofthislecturehashadanenormousinfluence.（這次演講的出版版本產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響）可知D選項(xiàng)“它有巨大的影響”正確。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

68.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“Originalism”定位到第二段最后一句Finally,originalismistoberejectedbecauseitiswrongforthelivingtobeboundbythedeadhandofthepast.（最后，原意論被抵制是因?yàn)楫?dāng)代的人們不應(yīng)該被傳統(tǒng)守舊的教條所束縛?。┛芍狢選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)的人不應(yīng)該被過去的死亡之手束縛”錯誤，無法判斷原文中“當(dāng)代的人們”是C選項(xiàng)中“20世紀(jì)的人”；第二段Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbythreeunanswerableobjections.（人們普遍認(rèn)為，原創(chuàng)性被三個無可辯駁的反對意見徹底擊敗了）可知A選項(xiàng)“人們普遍認(rèn)為，原創(chuàng)性被無可辯駁的反對意見徹底打敗了”符合題意；第二段First,originalismisimpracticalbecauseitisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatethevariousintentionsheldbynumerousframers.（首先，原始論是不切實(shí)際的，因?yàn)樗豢赡馨l(fā)現(xiàn)和聚集眾多制憲者持有的各種意圖）可知B選項(xiàng)“這是不可能發(fā)現(xiàn)和聚集如此多的意圖的制憲者”正確；第二段Second,originalismisactuallycontrarytotheoriginalintentionsofthefoundinggenerationwhothemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent.（第二，原始主義實(shí)際上與創(chuàng)始一代的原始意圖相悖，創(chuàng)始一代本身就拒絕了對原始意圖的依賴）可知D選項(xiàng)“美國的締造者自己拒絕了對最初意圖的依賴”正確。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

69.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段JusticeScaliawasperhapsthefirstdefenderoforiginalismtoshiftthetheoryfromitspreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment.Thisshiftfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningobviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism.（斯卡利亞法官可能是第一個支持原意論的人，他將原意論從最初強(qiáng)調(diào)制憲人的原意轉(zhuǎn)變到關(guān)注當(dāng)時客觀背景下公眾的最初意圖上來。這種從原始立憲者意圖到原始公共意義的轉(zhuǎn)變，消除了許多對原始主義的實(shí)際反對）可知斯卡利亞法官對原始主義的貢獻(xiàn)在于他對原始主義的支持，消除了許多對原始主義的實(shí)際反對，選A選項(xiàng)“排除了許多對原始主義的實(shí)際反對”，同時可知D選項(xiàng)“將先前對憲法制定者意圖的關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)移到憲法制定時文本的原始公共意義上”并不是斯卡利亞法官的主要貢獻(xiàn)；第三段Thatlanguagehasanaccessiblepublicmeaningiswhatenablesinterpersonalcommunication.Ifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother.（這種語言具有可接近的公共意義，這使人與人之間的溝通成為可能。如果語言沒有超出說話者和作家主觀意圖的客觀意義，我們就永遠(yuǎn)無法相互理解）可知B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)語言具有可理解的公共意義是人際溝通的基礎(chǔ)”和C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)如果詞語沒有超出說話者和作家的主觀意圖的客觀意義，我們將永遠(yuǎn)無法相互理解”并不是斯卡利亞法官對原始主義的貢獻(xiàn)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

70.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段Mostoriginalistsstressedthetheoryofpopularsovereignty.TheycontendedthattheConstitutionisanauthoritativeexpressionofthewillofthePeople,whichjudgesareduty-boundtofollow.（大多數(shù)愿意論者強(qiáng)調(diào)人民主權(quán)的理論。他們認(rèn)為，憲法是人民意愿的權(quán)威表達(dá)，法官有義務(wù)遵循）可知法律必須遵循人民的意志，選B選項(xiàng)“法官有義務(wù)遵循人民的意愿”；最后一段Shiftingfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningdidlittletoanswerthe“deadhand”objection（從最初的制憲者意圖到最初的公共意義的轉(zhuǎn)變對回答“死手”的反對作用不大）可知A選項(xiàng)“原來的公眾意圖回答了‘死手’的反對”錯誤；最后一段Whybeboundbythepast?Forthat,JusticeScaliaandotheroriginalistshadtodevelopatheoryofconstitutionallegitimacy.（為什么要受過去的束縛？為此，斯卡利亞法官和其他原意論者不得不發(fā)展一種憲法合法性理論）可知C選項(xiàng)“一種新的人民主權(quán)理論被發(fā)展出來，以回答‘死手’的反對”錯誤，不是人民主權(quán)理論而是憲法合法性理論；結(jié)合上文提到的內(nèi)容以及最后一段大意可知D選項(xiàng)“一個人不應(yīng)該被過去所束縛”錯誤，斯卡利亞法官和其他原意論者認(rèn)為一個人應(yīng)該被過去所束縛。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Alltheinformationwehavecollectedinrelationtothatcase（）verylittle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makesupfor

B.addsupto

C.comesupwith

D.putsupwith

【答案】C

【解析】詞義辨析題。makesupfor補(bǔ)償,

彌補(bǔ)；addsupto合計(jì),

總計(jì)；comesupwith提出,

趕上；putsupwith容忍,

忍受。句意：我們收集到的關(guān)于那個案子的所有資料都沒有什么結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich（

）thetraffic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setback

B.stoodback

C.heldup

D.keptdown

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。setback推遲，使...受挫折；standback退后；holdup舉起，阻擋，攔截；keepdown控制，鎮(zhèn)壓。

句意：路上有個大坑，阻礙了交通。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Despitethegeneralnegativefindings,itisimportanttorememberthatallchildrenwholivethroughadivorcedonotbehaveinthesameway.Thespecificbehaviordependsonthechild’sindividualpersonality,characteristics,ageatthetimeofdivorce,andgender.Intermsofpersonality,whencomparedtothoseratedasrelaxedandeasy-going,childrendescribedastemperamentalandirritablehavemoredifficultycopingwithparentaldivorce,asindeedtheyhavemoredifficultyadaptingtolifechangeingeneral.Stress,suchasthatfoundindisruptedfamilies,seemstoimpairtheabilityoftemperamentalchildrentoadapttotheirsurroundings,thegreatertheamountofstress,thelesswelltheyadapt.Incontrast,amoderateamountofstressmayactuallyhelpaneasy-going,relaxedchildlearntocopewithadversity.

Thereissomerelationshipbetweenageandchildren’scharacteristicreactiontodivorce.Asthechildgrowsolder,thegreateristhelikelihoodofafreeexpressionofavarietyofcomplexfeelings,anunderstandingofthosefeelings,andarealizationthatthedecisiontodivorcecannotbedistributedtoanyonesimplecause.Self-blamevirtuallydisappearsaftertheageof6,fearofabandonmentdiminishesaftertheageof8,andtheconfusionandfearoftheyoungchildisreplacedintheolderchildbyshame,anger,andself-reflection.

Genderofthechildisalsoafactorthatpredictsthenatureofreactiontodivorce.Theimpactofdivorceisinitiallygreateronboysthanongirls.Theyaremoreaggressive,lesscompliant,havegreaterdifficultiesininterpersonalrelationships,andexhibitproblembehaviorsbothathomeandatschool.Furthermore,theadjustmentproblemsofboysarestillnoticeableeventwoyearsafterthedivorce.Girls’adjustmentproblemsareusuallyinternalizedratherthanactedout,andareoftenresolvedbythesecondyearafterthedivorce.However,newproblemsmaysurfaceforgirlsastheyenteradolescenceandadulthood.Howcantherelativelygreaterimpactofdivorceonboysthanongirlsbeexplained?Thegreatermaleaggressionandnoncompliancemayreflectthefactthatsuchbehaviorsaretoleratedandevenencouragedinmalesinourculturemorethantheyareinfemales.Furthermore,boysmayhaveaparticularneedforastrongmalemodelofself-control,aswellasforastrongdisciplinarianparent.Finally,boysaremorelikelytobeexposedtotheirparents’fightsthangirlsare,andafterthebreakup,boysarelesslikelythangirlstoreceivesympathyandsupportfrommothers,teachers,orpeers.

1.Itishardfortemperamental,irritablekidstoadapttoparentaldivorcebecause（）.

2.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Whydoesparentaldivorcehavegreatereffectsonboysthanongirlsaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyconveytothereaders?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyaretoomuchdisruptedbythelifechange

B.thefamilybreakupmakesthemfeelverysensitive

C.thegreatstressoftheirfamiliesdiminishestheirability

D.theyencountermoreparents’fightsthantheeasy-goingchildren

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.asix-year-oldboymayfeelbeingdesertedbyhisparents

B.divorceisusuallycausedbymorethanonereason

C.ayounggirlmayfeelmoreshamefulonparentaldivorcethananolderboy

D.asthekidsgrowolder,theyhaveabetterunderstandingofdivorce

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseallculturestoleratemaleaggressionandnoncompliance.

B.Becauseboysarebasicallymoreself-disciplinedthangirls.

C.Becausemalesareusuallyviewedasthemodelsinself-control.

D.Becauseboysarealwaysinvolvedintheirparents’fights.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Kidsofdifferentagesbehavedifferentlyfacingparentaldivorce.

B.Theimpactofdivorceonkidsvariesinpersonality,ageandgender.

C.Boysmaybecomemoreaggressivethangirlsindisruptedfamilies.

D.Parentaldivorcehasanegativeeffectonchildrenallthroughtheirlives.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第三句“...childrendescribedastemperamentalandirritablehavemoredifficultycopingwithparentaldivorce,asindeedtheyhavemoredifficultyadaptingtolifechangeingeneral.”喜怒無常和易怒的孩子更難以面對父母離異，因?yàn)樗麄兇_實(shí)更難以適應(yīng)生活的變化。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段最后一句“theconfusionandfearoftheyoungchildisreplacedintheolderchildbyshame,anger,andself-reflection.”年幼孩子的困惑和恐懼被年長孩子的羞愧、憤怒和自我反省所取代。選項(xiàng)C正好與之相反，所以不正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，父母離異對男孩的影響比女孩大是因?yàn)樵谖覀兊奈幕?，容忍和鼓勵男性具有攻擊性和桀驁不馴，選項(xiàng)A中的“allcultures”表述不正確;此外，男孩可能特別需要樹立一個強(qiáng)大的自律的男性形象，也需要父母嚴(yán)格自律；最后，男孩比女孩更容易受到父母爭吵的影響，而在父母離異后，男孩比女孩更不容易得到母親、老師或同齡人的同情和支持。選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有提及;選項(xiàng)D不符合原文，只有選項(xiàng)C符合原文，所以本題選C。

4.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，首段一二句為本文的主旨句，所有經(jīng)歷過父母離異的孩子會有不同的行為方式，具體的行為取決于孩子的個性、特征、父母離異時的年齡和性別。選項(xiàng)B正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Physicistsaren’toftenreprimandedforusingrisquéhumorintheiracademicwritings,butin1991thatisexactlywhathappenedtothecosmologistAndreiLindeatStanfordUniversity.Hehad_21_adraftarticleentitled“HardArtoftheUniverseCreation”tothejournalNuclearPhysics.Init,heoutlinedthe_22_ofcreatingauniverseinalaboratory:awholenewcosmosthatmightoneday_23_itsownstars,planetsandintelligentlife.Neartheend,Lindemadeaseeminglyflippantsuggestionthatouruniverseitself_24_knockedtogetherbyanalien“physicisthacker”.Thepaper’smoderatorobjectedtothis“dirtyjoke”onthegroundsthatreligiouspeoplemightbeoffendedthatscientistswereaimingtostealthe_25_ofuniverse-makingoutofthehandsofGod.Lindechangedthepaper’stitleandabstractbutheldfirm_26_thelinethatouruniversecouldhavebeenmadebya(an)_27_scientist.

Fast-forwardaquarterofacentury,andthenotionofuniverse-making—or“cosmogenesis”asIdubit—seemslesscomicalthan_28_.I’vetravelledtheworldtalkingtophysicistswhotaketheconcept_29_,andwhohaveevensketchedoutroughblueprintsforhowhumanitymightonedayachieveit.Linde’smoderatorsmighthavebeenrighttobeconcerned,_30_theyweremakingthewrongassumptions.Theissueisnotwhomightbeoffendedby_31_,butwhatwouldhappenifitweretrulypossible.Howwouldwehandlethetheologicalimplications?Whatmoralresponsibilitieswouldcomewithfalliblehumanstakingonthe_32_ofcosmiccreators?

Theoreticalphysicistshavegrappledforyearswithrelatedquestions_33_partoftheirconsiderationsofhowourownuniverse_34_.Inthe1980s,thecosmologistAlexVilenkinatTuftsUniversityinMassachusetts_35_amechanismthroughwhichthelawsofquantummechanicscouldhavegeneratedaninflatinguniversefromastateinwhichtherewasnotime,nospaceandnomatter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.released

B.issued

C.submitted

D.published

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.feasibility

B.possibility

C.necessity

D.availability

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.revolve

B.evolve

C.derive

D.revive

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.mightbe

B.couldbe

C.mighthavebeen

D.musthavebeen

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.feat

B.acquisition

C.harmony

D.liberty

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.besides

B.off

C.over

D.through

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.alien

B.fake

C.foreign

D.past

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.never

B.ever

C.before

D.now

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.seriously

B.forgranted

C.assuch

D.inabigway

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.but

C.for

D.and

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.cosmogenesis

C.controversy

D.embarrassment

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.part

B.role

C.side

D.name

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.to

C.by

D.as

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.worked

B.began

C.existed

D.kept

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.cameupwith

B.abidedby

C.gotby

D.grappledwith

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:B

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:A

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.released公開，發(fā)布B.issued宣布，發(fā)給

C.submitted提交，呈遞D.published出版，發(fā)行

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析和句間邏輯。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“adraftarticle（文章草稿）”構(gòu)成動賓邏輯，由“tothejournalNuclearPhysics（向《核物理》雜志）”可知，他應(yīng)該是向雜志投稿文章。submit指提交文件、文稿等以審核，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)released“公開，發(fā)布”指向公眾開放某物，此處主語是He，應(yīng)該是“他向雜志提交文章”而不是“雜志發(fā)布文章”；

B選項(xiàng)issued“宣布，發(fā)給”指正式地宣布某事或?qū)⒛澄锝o某人，不能和“tothejournalNuclearPhysics（向《核物理》雜志）”進(jìn)行搭配；

D選項(xiàng)published“出版，發(fā)行”指在書籍報(bào)刊或其它媒介上發(fā)表公開，此處只是說“他向雜志提交文章”，并沒有提及文章是否被發(fā)表。

【句意】他向《核物理》雜志提交了一篇題為《宇宙創(chuàng)造的硬藝術(shù)》的文章草稿。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.feasibility可行性B.possibility可能性

C.necessity必要性D.availability可用性

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析和句間邏輯。

【解題思路】空格處和上文的“outlined（概述）”構(gòu)成動賓邏輯，由“creatingauniverseinalaboratory（在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中創(chuàng)造宇宙）”可知，這一做法尚未成真，所以他應(yīng)該是講述在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中創(chuàng)造宇宙的可能性。possibility指某事物可能存在或發(fā)生，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)feasibility“可行性”指某事物能夠做到或?qū)崿F(xiàn)，此處只是提出這種可能，并沒有闡述它可以實(shí)現(xiàn)；

C選項(xiàng)necessity“必要性”和D選項(xiàng)availability“可用性”均不能和“creatingauniverseinalaboratory（在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中創(chuàng)造宇宙）”相對應(yīng)，不符合句間邏輯。

【句意】在文章中，他概述了在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中創(chuàng)造宇宙的可能性。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)，環(huán)繞B.evolve進(jìn)化，演變

C.derive衍生，起源D.revive蘇醒，復(fù)活

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析和句間邏輯。

【解題思路】that引導(dǎo)了一個定語從句修飾上文的“cosmos（宇宙）”，表示這是一個什么樣的新宇宙，空格處和下文的“itsownstars,planetsandintelligentlife（自己的恒星、行星和智慧生命）”構(gòu)成動賓邏輯，出現(xiàn)自己的恒星、行星和智慧生命應(yīng)該是宇宙進(jìn)化、演變的過程。evolve指隨著時間的推移逐漸發(fā)展為更