專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)-無(wú)聽(tīng)力8

專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)-(無(wú)聽(tīng)力8(總分：100.00，做題時(shí)間：90分鐘)一、 {{B}}PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION{{/B}總題數(shù)： 0,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00)二、 {{B}}SECTIONA{{/B}}(總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWESRHEETONE.SomeofthegapsmayrequireamaximumofTHREEwords.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayrefertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetask.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.HowtoGetanAonanEnglishPaperGettinganAonanEnglishpaperismanystudents'dream.Itisnoeasytask.However,therearesomestepsyoucanfollowtohelpyouturnoutasuccessfulEnglishpaper.I.Inwritinganexcellentpaper,youshouldfollow7basicsteps:Step1Pickatopic.Iftheteacherassignsaspecificthemeyouwillhavetousethat.Ifnot,pickatopicthat{{U}}{{U}}1{{/U}}{{/U}}.Step2Write{{U}}{{U}}2{{/U}}{{/U}}.Threeparts:anintroduction,{{U}}{{U}}3{{/U}}{{/U}}oftext,andaconclusion.Writeanoutline.Step3Researchthetopic.Arrangingtheresearchiscalled{{U}}{{U}}4{{/U}}{{/U}}.Step4Beginwithanintroduction.Theintroductionneedstocatchthereaders'{{U}}{{U}}5{{/U}}{{/U}}Step5Composethemainbodyoftext.Begineachsectionwithamini-introduction.Step6Concludethepaper.Theconclusionrecapwhatinformationyouhavesharedwith{{U}}{{U}}6{{/U}}{{/U}}Step7Documentanysources.{{U}}{{U}}7{{/U}}{{/U}}thatnotationsforsourceswithinthetextarecorrect.n.DothefollowingtosecuretheA:Step1{{U}}{{U}}8{{/U}}{{/U}}thetopic.Step2Revisethepaper.Step3Getasecondopinion.川.Tipsandwarnings:—Writedownthequotesorinformationon{{U}}{{U}}9{{/U}}{{/U}}.—UsemoresourcesthantheminimumrequirementtogetanA.—Failingtoprovide{{U}} {{U}}10{{/U}}{{/U}}willresultinagradebelowanA.—Donotexpectawordprocessingspellchecktocatchallspellingandgrammarerrors.Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,you willbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWESRHEETONE.SomeofthegapsmayrequireamaximumofTHREEwords.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayrefertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetask.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.HowtoGetanAonanEnglishPaperGettinganAonanEnglishpaperismanystudents'dream.Itisnoeasytask.However,therearesomestepsyoucanfollowtohelpyouturnoutasuccessfulEnglishpaper.I.Inwritinganexcellentpaper,youshouldfollow7basicsteps:Step1Pickatopic.—Iftheteacherassignsaspecificthemeyouwillhavetousethat.—Ifnot,pickatopicthat{{U}}{{U}}1{{/U}}{{/U}}.Step2Write{{U}}{{U}}2{{/U}}{{/U}}.—Threeparts:anintroduction,{{U}}{{U}}3{{/U}}{{/U}}oftext,andaconclusion.—Writeanoutline.Step3Researchthetopic.Arrangingtheresearchiscalled{{U}}{{U}}4{{/U}}{{/U}}.Step4Beginwithanintroduction.Theintroductionneedstocatchthereaders'{{U}}{{U}}5{{/U}} {{/U}}Step5Composethemainbodyoftext.Begineachsectionwithamini-introduction.Step6Concludethepaper.Theconclusionrecapwhatinformationyouhavesharedwith{{U}}{{U}}6{{/U}}{{/U}}Step7Documentanysources.{{U}}{{U}}7{{/U}}{{/U}}thatnotationsforsourceswithinthetextarecorrect.n.DothefollowingtosecuretheA:Step1{{U}}{{U}}8{{/U}}{{/U}}thetopic.Step2Revisethepaper.Step3Getasecondopinion.川.Tipsandwarnings:—Writedownthequotesorinformationon{{U}}{{U}}9{{/U}}{{/U}}.—UsemoresourcesthantheminimumrequirementtogetanA.—Failingtoprovide{{U}} {{U}}10{{/U}}{{/U}}willresultinagradebelowanA.—Donotexpectawordprocessingspellchecktocatchallspellingandgrammarerrors.(分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)填空項(xiàng)1: (正確答案：interestsyou)解析：[解析]1-10Goodmorning,everyone.Intoday'slecture,I'mgoingtodiscusswithyouabouthowtowriteanexcellentEnglishpaper.AnyhowtogetanAonanEnglishpaperismanystudents'dream.Thefollowingstepsmayhelpyouinshapingyourpapers.Step1Youshouldpickatopic.Ifyourteacherassignsaspecificthemeyouwillhavetousethat.(1){{U}}Ifnot,pickatopicthatinterestsyouandwithwhichyouarefamiliar.{{/U}}Thiswillmakeiteasierforyoutoresearchandwriteyourpaper.Step2{{U}}Youshouldwriteanoutline.{{/U}}(3){{U}}Generallyspeaking,apaperneedsanintroduction,amainbodyoftext,andaconclusion.{{/U}}Themainbodyoftextmayneedtoincludesubsections.Anoutlinewillhelpyouorganizeyourpaperandwillhelpyoudeterminewhereyouneedtofocusyourresearch.Step3Youshouldresearchthetopic.ThemostimportantsteptoattaininganAonanEnglishpaperishavingenoughresearchtosustainthetopic.Usuallytherewillbearequiredamountofsourcestoensurethatyoudoenoughresearch.(4){{U}}Youshouldcollectasmanymaterialsaspossibleonthetopic.Thisstepisgenerallycalledliteraturereview,{{/U}}whichisanaccountofwhathasbeenpublishedonatopicbyaccreditedscholarsandresearchers.Besidesenlargingyourknowledgeaboutthetopic,writingaliteraturereviewletsyougainanddemonstrateskillsintwoareas:Thefirstareaisinformationseeking,thatistheabilitytoscantheliteratureefficiently,usingmanualorcomputerizedmethods,toidentifyasetofusefularticlesandbooksThesecondareaiscriticalappraisal:theabilitytoapplyprinciplesofanalysistoidentifyunbiasedandvalidstudies.Step4Youshouldbeginwithanintroduction.(5){{U}}Theintroductionneedstocatchthereaders'attention.{{/U}}Italsoneedstolistwhatinformationwillbeinthemainbodyoftextandinwhatordertheinformationwillbepresented.Theintroductionneedstobelimitedtooneparagraph.

Step5Youshouldcomposethemainbodyoftext.Themainbodyoftextistheareawhereyouformulateyourresearchintoorganizedinformationforthereader.Followtheoutlinetokeepthepaperfocused.Youshouldbegineachsectionwithamini-introductionifyouhavesubdividedthemainbodyintosections.Thiswillallowforasmoothtransitionfromonesectionintothenext.Step6Concludethepaper.(6){{U}}Theconclusionshouldrecapwhatinformationyouhavesharedwiththereaders.{{/U}}Ifpossible,referbacktotheintroductiontoframethepaper.Step7Documentanysources.Youwillneedtofollowthecorrectguidelinesfordocumentingsources.MostEnglishpaperswilluseMLAguidelines.(7){{U}}Doublecheckthatnotationsforsourceswithinthetextarecorrect.{{/U}}ThisisanessentialpartofgettinganAonapaper.However,followingtheabovestepsisnotenoughtoturnoutanA-levelpaper.YoushoulddothefollowingtosecuretheA.Step1{{U}}Analyzethetopic.{{/U}}AnA-levelpaperisonewhereyouhaveanalyzedthetopicandformulatednewideasbasedonyouranalysis.Supportthenewconceptortheorybycitinganddiscussingreferences.Step2Revisethepaperbyreadingitcarefullyandlocatinganyunclearideasorerrors,Readthepaperaloudandchangeanyplacesthatarehardtofolloworwherewordingsoundsawkward.Step3Getasecondopinion.Ifpossible,haveanEnglishprofessorreviewthepaper.Attheveryleast,haveoneortwofriendsreadthroughthepaperandofferconstructivecriticism.Makeanychangesthatarenecessary.Here,Iwillgiveyousometipsandsomewarningsaswell.{{U}}First,writedownthequotesorinformationyoumayparaphraseandthesourceonindexcardsasyouresearch.{{/U}}Second,usemoresourcesthantheminimumrequirementisoftenviewedasaboveaverageworkandmayhelpyougetanA.Checktheassignmentguidelines,however,toseeifthisisagoodstrategy.{{U}}Third,ifwritingasource-basedessay,failingtoprovidereferencesandsourceswillresultinagradebelowanA.{{/U}}Lastbutnotleast,donotexpectawordprocessingspellchecktocatchallspellingandgrammarerrors.Youwillneedtoproofreadthepaperbyyourself.wehavereviewedsomebasicstepstogettingThisbringsourlecturetotheend.Intoday'slecture,wehavereviewedsomebasicstepstogettinganAonanEnglishpaper.IhopethatthislecturewillhelpyoualotinconstructingyourEnglishanAonanEnglishpaper.IhopethatthislecturewillhelpyoualotinconstructingyourEnglishpapers.Thanksforyourtime.填空項(xiàng)1: （正確答案：anoutline)解析：填空項(xiàng)1: （正確答案：amainbody)解析：填空項(xiàng)1: （正確答案：literaturereview解析：填空項(xiàng)1: （正確答案：attention)解析：填空項(xiàng)1: （正確答案：thereaders)解析：填空項(xiàng)1: （正確答案：Doublecheck)解析：

填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：Analyze)解析：填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：indexcards)解析：填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：referencesandsources解析:){{BISECTIONB{{/B}}(總題數(shù)：{{BISECTIONB{{/B}}(總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù):5.00）InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowing fivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowing fivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)(1).WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedaboutteaintheinterview??A.Teahashealthyproperties.B.Teaisthemostpopulardrink.C.Teaisusuallyproducedbypoorcountries.?D.Teaistheperfectingredientofmakingnaturalproducts.(分?jǐn)?shù):1.00)A.VC.D.解析：［解析］1-5W:Today,weareluckytoinviteSethGoldmanheretotalkwithus.In1998,socialentrepreneurSethGoldmanfoundedHonestTea,thenation'sbest-sellingandfastest-growingorganicbottledteacompany,withabusinessprofessorfromtheYaleSchoolofManagement.Hecarvesoutspaceinthecompetitivebeveragemarketandhelpconsumersembraceorganics.Nowteahasbecomeanimportantpartinhislife. Howareyoutoday,Seth?M:Terrific.W:Didyouwanttobeanentrepreneurasateenager?M:Iwas.Iusedtorunalemonadestandnearthegolfcoursenearmyhouse.AndmyfriendsandIwouldfindthegolfballsthatthegolfershadhitoutintothewoods.Wewouldcollectthose,andwewouldsellusedgolfballsandlemonade.W:Whydidyouchoosetea?M:Teaisanamazingproduct.(1){{U}}It'stheworld'ssecondmostpopulardrink.{{/U}}Water'sthefirst.(1){{U}}Anditisproducedbysomeofthepoorestculturesintheworld,{{/U}}butenjoyedbysomeofthewealthiest.Andteacantastegreatifit'smaderight.(1)Ithaswonderful,healthypropertiestoit,antioxidantsandothergreatbenefitsforthecirculatorysystem.(1){{U}}Andsowewantedtomakeaproductthatwasallnatural.Andteaturnedouttobetheperfectingredient.{{/U}}W:What'syourphilosophyforsurvivingandeventhrivinginthefiercelycompetitivebeveragemarket?M:Thekeyistobedifferent.(2)Fromthestart,ourproductwaslesssweetthanwhateveryoneelsewasoffering.We'retoosmalltocompetedirectlywiththebigcompaniesontheirterms.Wehavetodoitonourterms.W:Weknowthatmostofthebeverageonthemarkethashighcalories.SoftdrinksarethesinglelargestsourceofsugarintheAmericandiet.ItisbadforAmericanswhoarefatenough.HowisHonestTeasociallyresponsible?M:Youknowthekeystartswiththeproductitself. (2){{U}}Sonumberone,we'reofferingaproductthathasathirdtoasixthofthecalories.{{/U}}Sowe'rejustputtingoutahealthierproduct.Thataloneisagoodthing.(2){{U}}Butthewaytheproducthasgrown,becauseit'sorganic,therearenosyntheticchemicalsorpesticidesoranyotherartificialingredientsgoingintothebodiesofthepeoplewhoconsumetheproduct,goingintotheecosystemswheretheproductiscultivated,{{/U}}orgoing intothebodiesofthepeoplewhowereinvolvedintheprocessingandpickingoftheingredients.Sothatisalsoanimportantthing.W:Wementionedthatteaisproducedinsomecountriesoftheworld.Haveyoutraveledtothecommunitiesaroundtheworldwhereyourteasareharvested?M:Yes.(3){{U}}I'vebeentoAfrica,toIndia,{{/U}}toChina.Andthey'reallamazingcommunities.Oneofthegreatthingsaboutteaisthatitdoesn'tneedanindustrialagriculturalcomplex.They're bushes.Andsotheycangrowinwonderfullydiverseclimates.Thediversityofplantandanimallifecanbeveryrobustinthesecommunities.Andsothey'rejustsomeofthemostbeautiful placesintheworld.W:Itseemstomethatmostteaconsumersareadults.HaveyoufoundtheyouthmarkettobeloyaltotheHonestTeabrand?M:Ithinkwe'restarting.Ithink,ingeneral,ourproductisforaslightlyolderconsumer.Butit'sstriking,evenoncollegecampuses,thatwe'veseenstudentsreacttoourproduct.W:Areyouplanningtopursuetheyouthmarket?Andifso,whatwayswouldyougoaboutthat?M:Youknow,Ithinkthat'snotourcoretargetmarket.Ingeneral,thatmarketrespondsbettertothehighlysweeteneddrinks,justbecauseofwheretheyare.Andobviously,wehopetheyevolveawayfromthat.Butourtargetconsumer'salittleolder,alittlemorediscerning.AndlikeIsay,asthatmarketbecomesmoresociallyconscious,Ithinkthey'llbedrawntoourproducts.W:Whatmotivatesyoungpeopletoday,doyouthink,tobemoresociallyresponsible?M:(4){{U}}Well,theenvironmentclearlyissomethingthatisofconcern.Andalotofussaw,whetheritwasAlGore'smovie,orsort ofreadabouttheenvironmentalproblems,andthenfeel,"Whatcanwedotohaveanimpact?"Andsothenit's,"Well,youcanrideabikeoryoucantrytochangeyourhabits.Butyoualsoshouldbethinkingaboutwhatyoupurchase."Andasanexample,organicshaveamuchlightercarbonfootprintthannotorganicproducts.{{/U}}W:We'realwaysdirectedtofollowourpassionforourcareers.Howhaveyoudonethat?M:Oh,forme,thisisacompleteconnectionbetweenwhatIcareaboutandwhatrmworkingon.(5){{U}}SoIcareabouthealthissues,Icareaboutenvironmentalissues,Icareaboutissuesofeconomicopportunityinboththedevelopingworldandinthiscountry.{{/U}}Andthisenterprisehasallowedmetoaddressallthreeofthosethingsinareallysubstantiveway.W:Thankyouforjoiningustoday.Youmakeuslearnalot.M:You'rewelcome..All ofthefollowingaretheadvantagesofHonestTeatosurviveinthebeveragemarketEXCEPTA.itislesssweet.B.itcontainsmuchlesscalories.C.itdoesn'thaveanyartificialingredients.D.itiscultivatedwithverylimitedpesticide.(分?jǐn)?shù):1.00)A.B.C.V解析：.Accordingtotheinterview,whichofthefollowingculturesdoesNOTgrowtea?? A. India.? B. Brazil.? C. China.? D. Africa.（分?jǐn)?shù):1.00）A.VC.D.解析：（4） .AccordingtoSeth,youngpeoplewhoaresociallyresponsiblewill?A.drinkthehighlysweeteneddrinks.B.purchaseorganicproducts.?C.drivetoschool.?D.watchA1Gore'smovie.（分?jǐn)?shù):1.00）A.VC.D.解析：（5） .WelearnfromtheinterviewthatSethcaresaboutallthefollowingEXCEPT? A. health.? B. environment.? C. politics.? D. economy.（分?jǐn)?shù):1.00）A.B.VD.解析：四、{{BISECTIONC{{/B}}（ 總題數(shù)：3，分?jǐn)?shù):5.00）InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?A.Farmershavealreadyrealizedthetreesarevaluable.B.SouthAmericahasthemosttreecoverintheworld.C.NorthAfricaandWestAsiahavetheleasttreecover.D.Marketscannotinfluencetreeplantingandprotection.語(yǔ)音下載(分?jǐn)?shù):1.00)A.B.C.V解析：［解析］Farmers,especiallyindevelopingcountries,areoften criticizedforcuttingdownforests.Butanewstudysuggeststhatmanyfarmersrecognizethevalueinkeepingtrees.Researchersusingsatelliteimagesfoundatleasttenpercenttreecoveronmorethanonebillionhectaresoffarmland.Thatisalmosthalfthefarmlandintheworld.ThestudyfoundthemosttreecoverinSouthAmerica.NextcomesAfricasouthoftheSahara,followedbySoutheastAsia.NorthAfricaandWestAsiahavetheleast.Thestudyfoundthatclimateconditionsalonecouldnotexplaintheamountoftreecoverindifferentareas.Norcouldthesizeofnearbypopulations,meaningpeopleandtreescanlivetogether.Thereareareaswithfewtreesbutalsofewpeople,andareaswithmanytreesandmanypeople.(6){{U}}Thefindingssuggestthatthingslikelandrights,marketsorgovernmentpoliciescaninfluencetreeplantingandprotection.{{/U}}Questions7and8arebasedonthefollowing news.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.Questions7and8arebasedonthefollowing news.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00).Whatisthemainideaofthenewsitem??A.HalfamillionoftuberculosispatientsweretestedforHIV.B.Theapproachinfightingtuberculosisworks.?C.2.3millionpeoplewerecuredoftuberculosis.D.ManytuberculosispatientswithHIVhavebeentreated.(分?jǐn)?shù):1.00)A.VC.D.解析：［解析］7-8(7){{U}}NewdatashowtheWorldHealthOrganization'ssimpleandcost-effectiveapproachinfightingtuberculosisworks.{{/U}}In2008,thereportfinds2.3millionpeoplewerecuredoftuberculosis.Thistranslatesintoan87percentcurerate,which,forthefirsttime,exceedsthe85percentglobaltargetsetin1991.CoordinatoroftheWHGStopTBDepartment,PaulNunn,saysprogressalsohasbeenmadeinaddressingthelethalcombinationofTBandHIV.Lastyear,hesaysnearly1.5millionTBpatientsweretestedforHIV,anincreaseof200,000.Asaconsequenceofthescreening,hesaysmanyTBpatientswithHIVhavebeentreatedforthatfataldiseaseandmanyliveshavebeenprolongedandsaved.(8)"15yearsofinvestmentsarebringingvisibleresultsasaresultofcooperationbetweennationalprograms,particularlytheWorldHealthOrganization,UNAIDS,theGlobalFundandotherpartners,"Nunnsaid."Thebadnewsisthatwestillhave1.8milliondeathsperyearfromtuberculosis.HalfamillionofthoseassociatedwithHIV.".AIItheseorganizationsbelowhaveputinvestmentsEXCEPT? A.UNIAIDS.? B.GF.? C.IMF.? D.WHO.(分?jǐn)?shù):1.00)A.B.VD.解析：Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions. Nowlistentothenews.Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions. Nowlistentothenews.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00). percentofpeopleliveincitiesindevelopedcountries.? A.LessthanfiveB.Seventy? C.Twenty-fiveD.Seventy-five(分?jǐn)?shù):1.00)A.B.C.V解析：［解析］9-10Overhalftheworld'speoplenowliveincities.Thelatest"GlobalReportonHumanSettlements"saysthehistoricchangetookplacelastyear.ThereportcameoutthisweekfromU.N.Habitat,aUnitedNationsagency.Acenturyago,lessthanfivepercentofallpeoplelivedincities.Bythemiddleofthiscenturyitcouldbeseventypercent,oralmostsixandahalfbillionpeople.(9){{U}}Alreadythree-fourthsofpeopleindevelopedcountriesliveincities.{{/U}}Nowthemosturbanpopulationgrowthisinthedevelopingworld.(10){{U}}Urbanizationcanleadtosocialandeconomicprogress,butalsopressureoncitiestoprovidehousingandservices.Thenewreportsaysalmosttwohundredthousandpeoplemoveintocitiesandtownseachday.Itsaysworseninginequalities,drivenbysocialdivisionsanddifferencesinwealth,couldleadtoviolenceunlesscitiesplanbetter.Another issueisurbansprawl.Thisiswherecitiesexpandintoruralareas,sometimesatamuchfasterratethanurbanpopulationgrowth.{{/U}}.ThedisadvantagesofurbanizationmentionedinthereportincludethefollowingEXCEPT*A.pressureoncitiestoprovidehousingandservices.slowersocialandeconomicprogressthanbefore.violenceresultedfromworseninginequalities.cities'expansionintoruralareas.(分?jǐn)?shù):1.00)A.VC.D.解析：五、 {{B}}PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION{{/B}總題數(shù)： 0,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00)六、 {{B}}TEXTA{{/B}}( 總題數(shù)：1,分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)WhileWashingtonpolicymakersdebatehowbesttostemtheobesityepidemicacrossthenation,manyofusarestrugglingwithhowtodealwiththeobesityepidemicinourownhomes.Athirdofallyoungstersarenowoverweightorobese,wellontheirwaytojoiningthetwothirdsofadultswhoseweightalsotipsthescalesatunhealthylevels. PotentialsolutionsareatleastascontroversialinAmerica'skitchensasthesingle-payerplanisonCapitolHill.Shouldwerationchipsandsoda?Orkickthekidsoutdoorssotheygetatleastaminimumlevelofphysicalactivityeveryday?Doweclearthepantryofjunkfood?Oralloftheabove?NowanewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBuffalosuggestsanevenmoreradicalidea:banningfatfriendsfromeatingtogether.Sarah-JeanneSalvy,anassistantprofessorofpediatricsattheuniversity'sSchoolofMedicineandBiomedicalSciences,andhercolleaguesfoundthatfatkidsconsumesignificantlymorecalorieswhentheychowdownwithfriendswhoarealsooverweightthanwhentheycatwithleanfriends.Inthestudy,publishedintheAugustissueofTheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition,researchersrandomlypaired23overweightand42normal-weightchildrenbetween theagesof9and15witheitherafriendorakidtheydidnotknow.Therewere33friendpairsand39strangerpairs.Eachpairofkidsspent45minutesinaroomthatcontainedpuzzles,games,andbowlsofbothhealthysnacks(inthiscase,babycarrotsandgrapes)andcalorie-richtreats(potatochipsandcookies).Thekidscouldeatasmuchastheywanted,butonlyfromtheirownbowls.Theresearchersmoniloredtheyoungstersonclosed-circuitTV.Afterwardtheyweighedtheuneatensnackstofigureouthowmanycaloriesthekidshadconsumed.Theresultsshowedthatingeneral,friendswhoatetogethertookinmorecaloriesthanyoungsterswhowereunfamiliarwiththeirpartner.Thatwastrueforbothfatandthinkids.Notsurprisingly,overweightkidsatemorethanleankids.whetherornottheywerepairedwithafriend.Andtheyateevenmorewhentheywerepairedwithanotheroverweightyoungstcr.fhegreatestnumberofcalorieswasconsumedbytwooverweightfriendscaringtogetherinwhatSah.~describesasakindofsynergisticeffect."Beingfriendsincreasedfoodintake.beingovcrwcightandcaringwithanoverweightpersonincreasedcaring,andwhenyoucombinedthose,theoverweightfriendswereeatingabout700calories,"Salvysays.(Theleankidsconsumedseveralhundredfewercalories.)And,shepointsout,thisissnackfood—whichmeanstheywereconsumingagoodchunkoftheirdailycaloriesinthatonesitting.Theeffectoffriendsonfoodintakeisanincreasinglyinterestingsubjecttoresearchers.In2007,ahighlypublicizedstudyinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinefoundthatwhenapersonbecomesobese,hisorherfriendsincreasetheirownriskofobesityby57percent.Thegreatestinfluencewasamongclosefriends.Infact,Salvythinksthatanormal-weightchildismorelikelytobeapositiveinfluenceonafatyoungsterthantheotherwayaround."Theoverweightkidwhocatswiththeleankidisgoingtoeatless,"shesays,becausesuchkidsareawareofthestigmaagainstobesityand"theyarebecomingmoreself-conscious.Theydon'twanttobeseenasapig."Butwhatabouttwofatkids?ShouldtheystayawayIromeachotherjustasrecoveringalcoholicstendto