考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東莞理工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東莞理工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotraderestrictingandtradeexpandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsidy.Thenewprotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis:itincludesinterventionsintoforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeisstillthere,thuscametheterm“protection.”Butwhatisnewistherealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.

TheemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworldreflectsthevictoryoftheinterventionist,orwelfareeconomyoverthemarketeconomy.JabTumilerwrites,“Theoldprotectionism...coexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultywiththeacceptanceofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistributionmechanism-indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifnotmorethan)freetradersstoodforlaissezfaire.Now,asinthe1930s,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofoundskepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosocieties’satisfaction.”Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatisresponsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvariouscolorsimpliesredistributionofresourcesandincomes.Thesameopinioninmanycommunitiesapparentlyisthatsuchredistributionsoftenarenotproper.Therefore,thegovernmentintervenestobringaboutamoredesiredresult.

ThevictoryofthewelfarestateisalmostcompleteinnorthernEurope.InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.GovernmenttraditionallyhasplayedaveryactiveroleineconomiclifeinFranceandcontinuedtodoso.OnlyWestGermanydarestogoagainstthetidetowardsexcessiveinterventionisminWesternEurope.ItalsohappenstobethemostsuccessfulWesternEuropeaneconomy.

ThewelfarestatehasmadesignificantprogressintheUnitedStatesaswellasinWesternEurope.Socialsecurity,unemploymentinsurance,minimumwagelaws,andrentcontrolarebynowtraditionalwelfarestateelementsontheAmericanscene.

1.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing______.

2.Theword“virtually”(ParA.1)isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacharacteristicofawelfarestatementionedinthispassage?

4.Whichofthefollowinginferencesistrue,accordingtothispassage?

5.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedefinitionofthenewprotectionism

B.thedifferencebetweennewandoldprotectionism

C.theemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworld

D.thesignificanceofthewelfarestate

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.genuinely

B.really

C.nearly

D.particularly

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Freeeducationisavailabletoachild

B.Lawsaremadetofixtheminimumwage

C.Ajoblesspersoncanbeinsured

D.Thereareregulationsforrent

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomydevelopedfasterinwelfarestatesthaninnon-welfarestates

B.Inthe1930s,protectionismbegantorise

C.Thenewprotectionismissocalledmainlybecauseitisthelatest

D.GovernmentplaysamoreactiveroleineconomiclifeinNorthernEuropethaninGreatBritain

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whendidthenewprotectionismarise

B.WhyisthenewprotectionismsopopularinnorthernEuropeancountries

C.Whydoesthegovernmentinterveneineconomiclife

D.DoestheAmericangovernmentplayamoreactiveroleineconomiclifethantheBritishgovernment

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知是“新保護(hù)主義”的出現(xiàn)以及產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。A選項(xiàng)“新保護(hù)主義的定義”過(guò)于片面，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“新舊保護(hù)主義的區(qū)別”也是講述了一個(gè)方面，也可排除。D選項(xiàng)“福利國(guó)家的意義”也不符合題意，可排除，因此C選項(xiàng)“西方新保護(hù)主義的興起”正確。

2.詞義辨析題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“therealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.”中文翻譯為：幾乎所有政府活動(dòng)都會(huì)影響國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)“真誠(chéng)地；真正地”，B選項(xiàng)“真正地”，C選項(xiàng)“幾乎”，D選項(xiàng)“尤其”。根據(jù)“政府的一切活動(dòng)都會(huì)影響國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系”，這句話太過(guò)于絕對(duì)，可排除A、B選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)與題意不符，也可排除，由此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“awelfarestate”可定位到文中最后兩段，中文翻譯：福利國(guó)家的勝利在北歐幾乎已經(jīng)完成。在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭，政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國(guó)，這只是稍微有點(diǎn)不真實(shí)。在法國(guó)，政府傳統(tǒng)上在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著非常積極的角色，并將繼續(xù)這樣做。只有西德膽敢逆著西歐過(guò)度干預(yù)主義的潮流而動(dòng)。它也是最成功的西歐經(jīng)濟(jì)體。福利國(guó)家在美國(guó)和西歐都取得了重大進(jìn)展。社會(huì)保障、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、最低工資法和租金管制現(xiàn)在都是美國(guó)社會(huì)的傳統(tǒng)福利要素。A選項(xiàng)“兒童可以接受免費(fèi)教育”不符合上述列表。B選項(xiàng)“最低工資法”、C“失業(yè)者投?！薄選項(xiàng)“租房有規(guī)定”均符合美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)福利要素。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“福利國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)比非福利國(guó)家發(fā)展得更快”，文中并未提及，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)30年代，保護(hù)主義開(kāi)始興起”。與句中“在20世紀(jì)30年代，保護(hù)主義是對(duì)市場(chǎng)分配資源和收入以使社會(huì)滿意的能力的一種深刻懷疑的表現(xiàn)”不符，也可排除。C選項(xiàng)“所謂新保護(hù)主義，主要是因?yàn)樗亲钚碌摹?，理解錯(cuò)誤，不符合題意，也可排除。D選項(xiàng)“在北歐，政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著比英國(guó)更積極的角色”，可定位到文中第三段“InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.”中文翻譯：在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭，政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活

幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國(guó)，這只是稍微有點(diǎn)不真實(shí)。可推測(cè)，英國(guó)對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)的干涉較少。因此可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“新的保護(hù)主義是什么時(shí)候出現(xiàn)的？”，文章第一段對(duì)“新保護(hù)主義的興起”一筆帶過(guò)，可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“為什么新的保護(hù)主義在北歐國(guó)家如此流行？”，理解片面，排除。C選項(xiàng)“政府為什么要干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活？”，可定位到文中第一段“Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade”中文翻譯：新保護(hù)主義指的是政府對(duì)私營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體干預(yù)如何影響國(guó)際貿(mào)易。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的作用是否比英國(guó)政府更為積極？”理解片面，可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.單選題

WhenthepeopleatthefrontdeskofthehotelneartheoilfiledheardthatmycolleagueandIwerefromChina,theyletuspayahigherpriceforourroomsthanlocalpeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepeopleatthefrontdesk

B.neartheoilfiled

C.letuspay

D.forourroomsthanlocalpeople

E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】C

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。let改為make。letsb.do側(cè)重表示“允許做某事”,而句中側(cè)重表示"讓做某事，使做某事"。makesb.do使做某事。

3.單選題

Ihadanexperiencesomeyearsagowhichtaughtmesomethingaboutthewaysinwhichpeoplemakeabadsituationworsebyblamingthemselves.OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife.Theirhomeshappenedtobeneareachother,soIpaidcondolencecallsonthetwofamiliesonthesameafternoon.

Atthefirsthome,thesonofthedeceasedwomansaidtome,“IfonlyIhadsentmymothertoFloridaandgottenheroutofthiscoldandsnow,shewouldbealivetoday.It’smyfaultthatshedied.”Atthesecondhome,thesonoftheotherdeceasedwomansaid,“IfonlyIhadn’tinsistedonmymother’sgoingtoFlorida,shewouldbealivetoday.Thatlongairplaneride,theabruptchangeofclimate,wasmorethanshecouldtake.It’smyfaultthatshe’sdead.”

Whenthingsdon’tturnoutaswewouldlikethemto,itisverytemptingtoassumethathadwedonethingsdifferently,thestorywouldhavehadahappierending.Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter.Afterall,howcouldhaveturnedoutanyworse?

Thereseemtobetwoelementsinvolvedinourreadinesstofeelguilty.Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.Thatleadsustofindpatternsandconnectionsbothwheretheyreallyexistandwheretheyexistonlyinourminds.

Thesecondelementisthenotionthatwearethecauseofwhathappens,especiallythebadthingsthathappen.Itseemstobeashortstepfrombelievingthateveryeventhasacausetobelievingthateverydisasterisourfault.Therootsoffeelingmaylieinourchildhood.Psychologistsspeakoftheinfantilemythofomnipotence.Ababycomestothinkthattheworldexiststomeethisneeds,andthathemakeseverythinghappeninit.Hewakesupinthemorningandsummonstherestoftheworldtoitstasks.Hecries,andsomeonecomestoattendtohim.Whenheishungry,peoplefeedhim,andwhenheiswet,peoplechangehim.Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.

1.Whatissaidaboutthetwodeceasedelderlywoman?

2.Theauthorhadtoconductthetwowomen’sfuneralsprobablybecause（

）.

3.Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirlovedonesbecause

（

）.

4.Inthecontextofthepassage,“...theworldmakessense”(Line2,Para.4)probablymeansthat

（

）.

5.Peoplehavebeenmadetobelievesinceinfancythat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theylivedoutanaturallife.

B.Theydiedofexhaustionafterthelongplaneride.

C.Theyweren’taccustomedtothechangeinweather.

D.Theydiedduetolackofcarebyfamilymembers.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hewantedtoconsolethetwofamilies

B.hewasanofficialfromthecommunity

C.hehadgreatsympathyforthedeceased

D.hewaspriestofthelocalchurch

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theycouldn’tfindabetterwaytoexpresstheirgrief

B.theybelievethattheywereresponsible

C.theyhadneglectedthenaturalcourseofevents

D.theydidn’tknowthingsoftenturnoutintheoppositedirection

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.everythingintheworldispredetermined

B.theworldcanbeinterpretedindifferentways

C.there’sanexplanationforeverythingintheworld

D.wehavetobesensibleinordertounderstandtheworld

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.everybodyisattheircommand

B.lifeanddeathisanunsolvedmystery

C.everystoryshouldhaveahappyending

D.theirwishesarethecauseofeverythingthathappens

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段的OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife(那是在一月，我連著為兩位年邁的老人主持葬禮,正如圣經(jīng)中所說(shuō)，這兩位老人都是在經(jīng)歷了漫長(zhǎng)和完整的人生之后的身體正常耗盡)可知選項(xiàng)A“兩位老人終其天年”與文章意思相符。

2.判斷推理題。題目是問(wèn)“作者需要為兩位老人辦理喪事的原因有可能是什么。選項(xiàng)A:因?yàn)樽髡呦氚参窟@兩個(gè)家，B:因?yàn)樽髡呤悄莻€(gè)社區(qū)的公務(wù)人員，C:因?yàn)樽髡邔?duì)死者懷有無(wú)限同情和D:因?yàn)樽髡呤钱?dāng)?shù)亟烫玫哪翈?，并且根?jù)原文Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”as...中的關(guān)鍵詞officiate“主持宗教儀式”和onsuccessivedays“連續(xù)”可知極有可能的原因是選項(xiàng)D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirloved定位至第三段:Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.,而后面緊接著說(shuō)到原因:Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter(當(dāng)他們的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃引起了壞的結(jié)果時(shí)，他們就會(huì)相信如果當(dāng)初采取不同的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，如將母親留在家里以及將計(jì)劃延期，那么結(jié)果就會(huì)好很多)，由此可知人們通常會(huì)對(duì)至親的去世感到內(nèi)疚是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為自己對(duì)于至親的去世負(fù)有貴任，即選項(xiàng)B。

4.語(yǔ)義題。第四段主要是對(duì)我們常常會(huì)感到自責(zé)的原因之一的介紹，根據(jù)這—段中的Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.“一方面是因?yàn)槲覀兎浅Ｏ嘈攀澜缱杂衅涞览?，也就是說(shuō)世間的一切都有某發(fā)生存在的原因”可知theworldmakessense意思是世間的一切都有其發(fā)生存在的原因，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.“通常，我們都沒(méi)有從那個(gè)嬰兒時(shí)期形成的觀念中擺脫出來(lái)，即一切事件都發(fā)生都取決于我們自身的意念”，故答案選項(xiàng)為D“他們自身的意念是導(dǎo)致一切發(fā)生的根本原因”。

4.單選題

ReadthefollowingResearchFundingOpportunities.

DepartmentofAgricultureAgricultureandFoodResearchInitiativeCompetitiveGrantsProgram(AFRI)

Deadline:variesbyprogramarea

Synopsis:TheFoodandAgriculturalScienceEnhancement(FASE)Grantscomponentofthisprogramincludesfundingfornewinvestigators.Anewinvestigatorisdefinedasanindividualwhoisbeginninghis/hercareer,doesnothaveanextensivescientificpublicationrecord,andhaslessthanfouryearspostgraduate,career-trackexperience.ThenewinvestigatormaynothavereceivedcompetitivelyawardedFederalresearchfundswiththeexceptionofpre-orpostdoctoralresearchgrantsorUSDANRIorAFRISeedGrants.

DepartmentofDefenseYoungInvestigatorProgram,OfficeofNavalResearch(YIP)

Deadline:earlyJanuary

Synopsis:TheprogramsupportsacademicscientistsandengineerswhohavereceivedPh.D.orequivalentdegreeswithinthelastsixyears.TheobjectivesaretoattractoutstandingfacultymemberstotheDepartmentoftheNavy’sresearchprogram,tosupporttheirresearch,andtoencouragetheirteachingandresearchcareers.Proposalsmayrequestupto$170,000peryearforthreeyears.ONRresearchareasareavailablehere.

NewInvestigatorAwards,CongressionallyDirectedMedicalResearchPrograms(CDMRP)

Deadline:variesbyprogram

Synopsis:Fundingprogramareasvaryandmayinclude:FoodAllergies,LungCancer,MultipleSclerosis,PeerReviewedCancer,Orthopaedic,SpinalCordInjury,AmyotrophicLateralSclerosis,Autism,BoneMarrowFailure,BreastCancer,DeploymentRelatedMedical,GulfWarIllness,Minority&UnderservedPopulations,Neurofibromatosis,OvarianCancer,PeerReviewedMedical,ProstateCancer,PsychologicalHealth/TraumaticBrainInjury,TuberousSclerosisComplex.Someoftheseprogramareas,suchasPeerReviewedCancer,ProstateCancer,andTraumaticBrainInjuryhaveincludedNewInvestigatorAwards.

DepartmentofEnergyOutstandingJuniorInvestigatorProgram,OfficeofNuclearPhysics(OJIP)

Deadline:SeptemberorOctoberforletterofintent,NovemberorDecemberforapplication

Synopsis:Applicationsshouldbefromtenure-trackfacultywhoarecurrentlyinvolvedinexperimentalortheoreticalnuclearphysicsresearchandteaching,theU.S.NuclearDataProgramoracceleratorphysicsresearchandteachingrelatedtonuclearphysicsprojects.ApplicantsmustbenomorethantenyearsbeyondthePh.D.atthedeadlinefortheapplication.

PlasmaPhysicsJuniorFacultyAwardProgram,FusionEnergySciencesProgram(FESP)

Deadline:AugustorSeptember(programcancelledforFY2010)

Synopsis:Applicationsinanyareaofbasicplasmaphysicsresearcharewelcomedandencouraged.Theproposedresearchmustfocusonfundamentalplasmaphysicsissues,asopposedtoapplicationsofplasmaphysics.

NationalScienceFoundationFacultyEarlyCareerDevelopment(FECD)Program,NSF

Deadline:July

Synopsis:Theintentoftheprogramistoprovidestablesupportatasufficientlevelanddurationtoenableawardeestodevelopcareersasoutstandingresearchersandeducatorswhoeffectivelyintegrateteaching,learninganddiscovery.TheminimumFECDawardsizeis$140,000foraten-yearperiodforalldirectoratesexceptBIO.ForproposalssubmittedtotheBIOdirectorate,theminimumawardsizeis$500,000overfiveyears.

ResearchInitiationGrantstoBroadenParticipationinBiology(RIGBP),NSFDirectorateforBiologicalSciences

Deadline:secondMondayinJanuary

Synopsis:ThesegrantsareintendedtoincreasethediversityofresearcherswhoapplyforandreceiveBIOfundingtoinitiateresearchprogramsearlyintheircareers.Currently,AfricanAmericans,Hispanics,NativeAmericans,AlaskaNatives,andNativeHawaiiansandotherPacificIslandersareunder-representedinbiology.

36.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

37.WhoiseligibleforOJIP?

38.Ofalltheprograms,whichoneoffersthelongestandthuslargestaward?

39.WelearnthatRIGBPisdesignedforthepurposeof______.

40.Whatisthecommonfeatureofalltheaboveprograms?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.AnAFRISeedGrantreceivercanstillapplyforAFRICompetitiveGrantsProgram.

B.ThetotalfinancialsupportofYIPbyDepartmentofDefencemayamountto$170,000.

C.CDMRPisofferedjointlybyDepartmentofDefenceandNationalInstitutesofHealth.

D.ToapplyforOJIP,youhavetosubmityourfinalproposalinSeptemberorOctober.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ph.D.graduates.

B.Researchersinenergyscience.

C.D.graduates.B.Researchersinenergyscience.C.

D.graduates.B.Researchersinenergyscience.C.Permanentteachingstaff.D.SeniorstaffwithPh.D.degrees.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.FESP.

B.RIGBP.

C.YIP.

D.FECD.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.helpingunderdevelopedpeoples

B.encouragingminorityresearchers

C.enhancingtheawarenessofminorities

D.studyingthebiologyofminorityareas

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThedeadlinesareallsetafterSept.

B.Theyarefornewresearchers.

C.Thesupportisgenerous.

D.Theareasofsupportarespecific.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

36.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?36.根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？

A.AnAFRISeedGrantreceivercanstillapplyforAFRICompetitiveGrantsProgram.A.AFRI種子基金受助人仍可申請(qǐng)AFRI競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性基金計(jì)劃。

B.ThetotalfinancialsupportofYIPbyDepartmentofDefencemayamountto$170,000.B.國(guó)防部對(duì)YIP的財(cái)政支助總額可達(dá)17萬(wàn)美元。

C.CDMRPisofferedjointlybyDepartmentofDefenceandNationalInstitutesofHealth.C.CDMRP由美國(guó)國(guó)防部和美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院聯(lián)合提供。

D.ToapplyforOJIP,youhavetosubmityourfinalproposalinSeptemberorOctober.D.要申請(qǐng)OJIP，你必須在9月或10月提交最終提案。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二部分對(duì)YIP的描述，從倒數(shù)第二句“提案可能要求每年高達(dá)17萬(wàn)美元（requestupto$170,000peryear），為期三年”可知，國(guó)防部對(duì)YIP的財(cái)政支出高達(dá)17萬(wàn)美元，B項(xiàng)表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)定位第三部分對(duì)OJIP的描述，其中提到“意向書申請(qǐng)截止日期為9月或10月，申請(qǐng)截止日期為11月或12月”，可知，9月或10月只是提交意向書的截止日期，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

37.WhoiseligibleforOJIP?37.誰(shuí)有資格參加OJIP？

A.Ph.D.graduates.A.博士畢業(yè)生。

B.Researchersinenergyscience.B.能源科學(xué)研究人員。

C.Permanentteachingstaff.C.終身教學(xué)人員。

D.SeniorstaffwithPh.D.degrees.D.具有博士學(xué)位的高級(jí)職員。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干匯總的OJIP，定位至文章第三部分對(duì)OJIP的描述，Synopsis中的第一句有提到“申請(qǐng)者必須是目前從事實(shí)驗(yàn)或理論核物理研究和教學(xué)、美國(guó)核數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)劃或與核物理項(xiàng)目相關(guān)的加速器物理研究和教學(xué)的終身教職人員（tenure-trackfaculty）”，綜合理解可知，申請(qǐng)者必須是終身教職人員。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)在該部分沒(méi)提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

38.Ofalltheprograms,whichoneoffersthelongestandthuslargestaward?38.在所有的項(xiàng)目中，哪個(gè)項(xiàng)目提供的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)、金額最大？

A.FESP.A.FESP.

B.RIGBP.B.RIGBP.

C.YIP.C.YIP.

D.FECD.D.FECD.

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位至文章最后一個(gè)部分對(duì)FECD的描述，Synopsis中的最后兩句提到“除BIO外，所有董事的最低FECD獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)金額為10年140,000美元。對(duì)于提交給BIO董事會(huì)的提議書，5年內(nèi)的最低資助金額為50萬(wàn)美元。”，從中可知，F(xiàn)ECD項(xiàng)目的獎(jiǎng)金時(shí)間是10年，且最低有14萬(wàn)美元，對(duì)于提交給BIO董事會(huì)的提議書，時(shí)間是5年，且最低為50萬(wàn)美元；綜合理解可知，F(xiàn)ECD提供的獎(jiǎng)金時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)，金額最大。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有提到獎(jiǎng)金的金額及資助時(shí)間，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)定位第二部分對(duì)YIP的描述，Synopsis中倒數(shù)第二句提到“提案可能要求每年高達(dá)17萬(wàn)美元，為期三年”，從中可知，YIP項(xiàng)目的獎(jiǎng)金資助并不是時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

39.WelearnthatRIGBPisdesignedforthepurposeof______.39.我們了解到RIGBP是為_(kāi)_____而設(shè)計(jì)的。

A.helpingunderdevelopedpeoplesA.幫助欠發(fā)達(dá)人群而設(shè)計(jì)的

B.encouragingminorityresearchersB.鼓勵(lì)少數(shù)民族研究人員

C.enhancingtheawarenessofminoritiesC.提高少數(shù)民族的意識(shí)

D.studyingthebiologyofminorityareasD.研究少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的生物學(xué)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位至文章最后一個(gè)部分對(duì)RIGBP項(xiàng)目的描述，根據(jù)Synopsis的描述：“這些資助旨在增加申請(qǐng)和接受BIO資助并在職業(yè)生涯早期啟動(dòng)研究項(xiàng)目的研究人員的多樣性?！保瑥闹形覀兛芍?，RIGBP的目的是為了增加研究人員的多樣性；而且RIGBP的全稱是“擴(kuò)大生物學(xué)參與的研究啟動(dòng)基金（ResearchInitiationGrantstoBroadenParticipationinBiology）”，從BroadenParticipationinBiology（擴(kuò)大生物學(xué)參與）綜合理解可知，RIGBP主要是為了鼓勵(lì)研究人員參與，B項(xiàng)與之相符。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的欠發(fā)達(dá)人群并不等于少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的研究人員，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符，屬于曲解原文。

40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

40.Whatisthecommonfeatureofalltheaboveprograms?40.以上所有項(xiàng)目的共同特點(diǎn)是什么？

A.ThedeadlinesareallsetafterSept.A.截止日期都定在9月以后。

B.Theyarefornewresearchers.B.它們是給新研究人員的。

C.Thesupportisgenerous.C.支持是慷慨的。

D.Theareasofsupportarespecific.D.支持的領(lǐng)域是特定的。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，文章中討論到的5個(gè)項(xiàng)目所涉及和涵蓋的領(lǐng)域都各不相同，所以它們各自支持的領(lǐng)域都是特定的，這是它們的共同特征。所以，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)只有OJIP項(xiàng)目是確定在9月以后，其他項(xiàng)目都不是，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)與原文不符，原文提到的是包括新研究人員在內(nèi)的，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)在文中提到的關(guān)于資助獎(jiǎng)金的金額，只有YIP和FECD有提到，其他項(xiàng)目并不知道，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

5.單選題

Afterdoingoddjobsforaweek,hegota（

）positionasanoffice-boy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.permanent

B.sufficient

C.transparent

D.universal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。permanent“永久的；不變的”；sufficient“足夠的，充分的”；transparent“透明的”；universal“普遍的”。句意：做了一個(gè)星期臨時(shí)工后，他得到了一份辦公室固定的工作。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

______theprecisequalitiesoftheheroinliteraryworksmayvaryovertime,theelementaryfunctionsoftheheroseemstoremainconstant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whatever

B.Eventhough

C.Inspiteof

D.Regardless

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子邏輯。由題干可知，這里需要的是一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，A項(xiàng)whatever“無(wú)論如何”詞性不對(duì)；C項(xiàng)inspiteof“盡管，不管”一般是主觀上故意去忽視，有時(shí)往往是好的條件，因素，或他人的建議，很可能導(dǎo)致不好的結(jié)果，和題意不符；D項(xiàng)regardless“不管”必須后面接of才能連接從句；所以選擇B項(xiàng)eventhough“即使。句意：歷代文學(xué)作品中的英雄本色雖各有千秋，但其昭世功力卻是恒古不變的。因此，該題正確答案為B。

7.填空題

Ourinitialfieldworksite（1）outtobecompletelyunsuitable.Ourteam（2）overaweektherebeforewerecognizedthatwe（3）neverfindthequalityoffossilswewere（4）forinthatspot.

【答案】1.turned;

2.worked;

3.would;

4.looking

【解析】1.固定搭配。turnouttobe被發(fā)現(xiàn)是，結(jié)果是。而且此處應(yīng)為過(guò)去式turned。

2.語(yǔ)義題。第二空填不及物動(dòng)詞,因此worked符合句意。

3.語(yǔ)法分析。第三空填would表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

4.固定搭配。wewerefor是定語(yǔ)從句修飾thequalityoffossils,那么第四空可填現(xiàn)在分詞looking,構(gòu)成lookfor“尋找”。

8.翻譯題

1.科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，出生在夏天將賦予你開(kāi)朗的性情，而出生在冬天則可能給你的快樂(lè)蒙上永久的陰影。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，出生的季節(jié)會(huì)極大地影響人體生物鐘運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的速度。冬天出生的人體內(nèi)的生物鐘運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得太慢，從而可能對(duì)健康和性格產(chǎn)生影響。這一離奇有趣的理論來(lái)自一項(xiàng)對(duì)老鼠的研究，該研究把剛出生的老鼠暴露在不等量的光線下長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)月。

2.有些老鼠被放置在夏天的光照條件下，每天有16小時(shí)的“白天”和8個(gè)小時(shí)的“黑夜”。其他老鼠則只有8個(gè)小時(shí)的“白天”，和冬天晝短夜長(zhǎng)的光照條件類似。在這些老鼠斷奶后，它們被放置在相同的光照周期中長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)周，或轉(zhuǎn)換到相反的光照環(huán)境。最后，科學(xué)家把它們都放置到黑暗中，觀察它們的反應(yīng)。

3.根據(jù)《自然神經(jīng)科學(xué)》雜志的報(bào)道，那些在夏天的光照條件下成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的老鼠像往常一樣作息，而那些在缺少光線的環(huán)境中成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的老鼠在應(yīng)對(duì)這一變化時(shí)卻顯得吃力。研究者道格拉斯?麥克馬洪教授說(shuō)：“在冬天的光照周期中成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的老鼠對(duì)于季節(jié)的變化表現(xiàn)出夸大的反應(yīng)，這和得了季節(jié)性情感抑郁癥的人類病患的反應(yīng)極其相似?！?/p>

【答案】1.Beingborninthesummercouldgiveyouasunnydispositionforlife.Andawinterbirthdaymightcastapermanentshadowoveryourhappiness,scientistsbelieve.

2.Someratsweregivensummerconditionsof16hoursoflightandeighthoursofdarknessperday.Othershadonlyeighthoursofdailylight,tomimictheshortdaysofwinter.

3.Thoserearedinsummerconditionskepttoadailyroutine,butthosebroughtupinlittlelightstruggledtocopewiththechange,thejournalNatureNeurosciencereports.

9.單選題

Withintenyearstheyhavetamedthe（

）hillintogreenwoods.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vacant

B.barren

C.weird

D.wasteful

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。vacant“空虛的；空的”；barren“貧瘠的；不生育的”;weird“怪異的”；wasteful“浪費(fèi)的”。句意：十年時(shí)間他們把荒山變成了綠色林地。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

AsmanyasoneinfourU.S.workersmaybechronicallyangryonthejob,withangryemployeesalsomorelikelytobebored,havelowenergyandfeel"stuck"intheirposts,accordingtoareportTuesday.Employeesaremostlikelytobeangeredbyabossorsupervisorbyafellowemployeeorbyothersintheworkplacenotbeingproductive,bytightdeadlinesorbyheavyworkloads,saidDonaldGibson,aprofessorattheYaleSchoolofManagement.

"Aturbulenteconomicenvironmentthathasproduced,ontheonehand,productivityandgrowthand,ontheother,wrenchingchangeanduncertainty,hasbuffetedtheworkplace,"thereportsaiD."Whileamajorityofemployeesarerespondingtotheseconditionswithreportsofworkplacesatisfactionthereremainasubstantialportionwhoaredissatisfied,evenangry,atwork,"itaddeD."Mostvisibly,angerislinkedtoworkplaceaggression,whichappearstobeincreasing:Weareweeklyconfrontedwithstoriesofworkerstakingaggressive,evenviolent,actionparticularlyagainstsupervisors."Thesurveyfoundthat25percentofthosecontactedsaidtheywereatleastsomewhatangryatworkonacontinuingbasis.Angryemployeestendtohavelessenergyandinterestinthejob,andtendalsotobebored,accordingtoGibson.Andangryemployeestendtofeel"stuck"inthejoB.Thestudydidnotspeculateonwhatpercentageofangryworkersarelikelytoresorttoviolence.Itdidfindthattheyfeellessloyaltoanemployer.TherehavebeenanumberofworkplaceshootingsintheUnitedStatesovertheyears,mostrecentlyrampagesinGeorgiaandAlabamawhichleft12dead.

1.What'sthemeaningof"stuck"inLine2ParA.1?

2.Accordingtothepassage,theangryworkersaremorelikelytodothefollowingEXCEPT（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseforanger?

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Whichisbestfitforthetitle?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Attracted

B.Trapped

C.Puzzled

D.Irritated

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.quittheirjobs

B.feelboredom

C.havelessloyalty