考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京交通大學(xué)海濱學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京交通大學(xué)海濱學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Oneofthegreatthingsaboutcoveringtechnologyisthatifyouhangaroundlongenough,yougettowritethesamestoriesalloveragain.In1987,whenIfirststartedonthetechbeat,desktopPCswereabigdeal.Todaytheexcitementhasmovedtomobiledevices,alsoknownassmartphones.Watchingthisnewmarketunfoldisabitlikeseeingoneofthosemovieswherethey'vetakenanoldclassicandremadeitwithnewstarsbutthesamescript.

Now,asthen,asmallerdeviceisdisplacingabiggerone.Now,asthen,theplatformremainssomewhatprimitivebutisevolvingrapidly,Hardwaremakersaretryingtofigureoutwhichuserinterfaceworksbest.Softwaremakersaredreamingupnewwaystousemachinesthateventheircreatorscouldnothaveimagined.Now,asthen,anewecosystemisarising,withdisruptivetechnologycreatingnewpowerhousesandthreateningthesurvivalofmarketleaders.

ThemoststrikingGroundhogDaymomentformeinvolvesApple.Backin1984,AppleleaptwayaheadinthePCmarketwhenitreleasedtheoriginalMacintosh,thefirstpopularcomputertoemployagraphicaluserinterface.IttookMicrosoftsixyearstocomeupwithsomethingthatcouldcomparetotheMac,intheformofWindows3.0.Sixyears!Forallthattime,Applehadthemarkettoitself.Nevertheless,Windowstookovertheworldandnowholdsmorethan90percentmarketshare,whileApplesqueaksbywithlessthan5percentworldwide.

Cuttothemobilephonemarket,today.InJune2007,AppleintroducedtheiPhone,adevicethatwassofarbeyondeverythingelseinthemarketthatevennow,twoandahalfyearslater,nothingcanbeatit.Tobesure,NokiaandResearchinMotionstillholdagreatershareofthesmartphonemarketthanAppledoes,buttheiragingsoftwareplatformslookobsoletenexttoApple's.

Thequestionis,willAppledowiththeiPhonewhatitdidwiththeMac?Willitleapouttoatechnologicalleadandthenfindawaytoclutchdefeatfromthejawsofvictory?OrhasApplelearnedfromitspreviousexperienceandfiguredoutawaytoturnitssuperiordesignandwonderfultechnologyintomarketdomination?

ProbablyApple'sbiggestblunderwiththeMacwasrefusingtoletothercompanieslicenseitssoftware.Thethingis,AppleCEOSteveJobsisacontrolfreakwhobelievesinkeepingthesoftwaretightlycoupledtothehardware.Inhismind,thisistheonlywaytoguaranteethatyou'llgivecustomersaterrificexperience.

Microsofttooktheoppositeapproach,lettinganyPCmakerlicensetheWindowsoperatingsystem.There'satradeoffhereMicrosoftcouldn'tcontroltheuser'sexperience.Butitsdecisionledtogreaterdiversityofmachines,andlowerprices.Formostoftheworld,cheapmachinesthatwere"goodenough"trumpedApple'sprices,perfectionist,andcontrol-freakapproach.

1.Whatcanweinferfromthecoveringtechnologymarket?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theoriginalMacintosh（）.

3.Astothemobilephonemarkettoday,（）.

4.AppleCEOSteveJobsholdstheideathat（）.

5.WhatcanwelearnfromMicrosoft'sapproach?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.DesktopPCsaredominatingthemainstream.

B.Thereexistsintensetechnologicalcompetition.

C.Softwaremakershavereplacedthehardwaremakers.

D.Marketleadersarereluctanttothemarketevolvement.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.wasintheformofWindows3.0

B.wasareplacementofWindows3.0

C.haslostitspopularitytoWindows

D.isthemostpopularcomputerbynow

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.AppleiPhoneholdsthemostshare

B.iPhone'ssoftwareplatformisobsolete

C.NokiaisexceedingAppleinplatform

D.iPhonestillkeepstheleadinsoftware

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereleaseofMacwasatotalfailure

B.softwareandhardwaremustbebound

C.othercompaniescanlicenseitssoftware

D.Microsofthasnoguaranteetocustomers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheWindowsoperatingsystemisfreeforall.

B.Ithasnoconsiderationonuser'sexperience.

C.IthaswonavictoryoverApple'sapproach.

D.Itledtolowerprofitsandfiercecompetition.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)“臺(tái)式電腦占據(jù)主流”，文章第一段提到“Todaytheexcitementhasmovedtomobiledevices,alsoknownassmartphones.今天，這種興奮已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到移動(dòng)設(shè)備上，也被稱為智能手機(jī)?！笨赏茢郃不正確；C項(xiàng)“軟件制造商已經(jīng)取代了硬件制造商”文章第二段提到“Softwaremakersaredreamingupnewwaystousemachinesthateventheircreatorscouldnothaveimagined.軟件制造商正在想出新的方法來(lái)使用機(jī)器，即使是他們的創(chuàng)造者也無(wú)法想象。”可推斷軟件制造商并非取代硬件制造商，故C不正確；D項(xiàng)“市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者不愿意市場(chǎng)演變”文中并未提及；B項(xiàng)“存在著激烈的技術(shù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，文章第二段中列舉的“smallerdeviceisdisplacingabiggerone。更小的設(shè)備正在取代更大的設(shè)備”及文中提到“蘋果電腦的失敗”可推斷市場(chǎng)存在激烈的技術(shù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，故此處選B項(xiàng)。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)“采用Windows3.0系統(tǒng)”，B項(xiàng)“是Windows3.0的替代品”，文章第三段提到“IttookMicrosoftsixyearstocomeupwithsomethingthatcouldcomparetotheMac,intheformofWindows3.0.微軟花了六年時(shí)間才研發(fā)出與Mac相比Windows3.0系統(tǒng)”可推斷先有Mac后有Windows3.0，故A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)不正確；D項(xiàng)“是現(xiàn)在最流行的電腦系統(tǒng)”，文章第三段提到“Windowstookovertheworldandnowholdsmorethan90percentmarketshare,whileApplesqueaksbywithlessthan5percentworldwide.Windows占據(jù)了全球90%以上的市場(chǎng)份額，而蘋果在全球市場(chǎng)的份額不到5%。”可推斷Mac并非目前最受歡迎的電腦系統(tǒng)，同時(shí)可推斷C項(xiàng)“不如Windows系統(tǒng)受歡迎”符合題意，故選C。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)“蘋果手機(jī)占有最大的份額”，B項(xiàng)“iPhone的軟件平臺(tái)已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了”，C項(xiàng)“諾基亞在平臺(tái)上超過(guò)蘋果”，D項(xiàng)“iPhone仍然在軟件上保持領(lǐng)先”。文章第四段提到“...twoandahalfyearslater,nothingcanbeatit.兩年半后，沒(méi)有其他東西能打敗它（即蘋果手機(jī)）”，“NokiaandResearchinMotionstillholdagreatershareofthesmartphonemarketthanAppledoes,buttheiragingsoftwareplatformslookobsoletenexttoApple's.諾基亞和黑莓手機(jī)公司仍比蘋果公司擁有更多的智能手機(jī)市場(chǎng)份額，盡管它們老化的軟件平臺(tái)看起來(lái)比蘋果過(guò)時(shí)?！笨赏茢郉項(xiàng)正確，其他三項(xiàng)均不正確，故選D。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)“Mac的發(fā)布完全失敗了”，在文中并未提及；C項(xiàng)“其他公司可以授權(quán)其軟件”，這是微軟公司的方式；D項(xiàng)“微軟對(duì)客戶沒(méi)有保證”，文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“Inhismind,thisistheonlywaytoguaranteethatyou'llgivecustomersaterrificexperience.在史蒂夫?喬布斯的心中，軟件與硬件的結(jié)合是保證給消費(fèi)者極好體驗(yàn)的唯一方法”，并未提及微軟，此項(xiàng)是對(duì)該句的曲解，故不正確；B項(xiàng)“軟件和硬件必須結(jié)合在一起”，文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“Thethingis,AppleCEOSteveJobsisacontrolfreakwhobelievesinkeepingthesoftwaretightlycoupledtothehardware.…蘋果首席執(zhí)行官史蒂夫?喬布斯是一個(gè)控制狂，他認(rèn)為軟件與硬件要緊密結(jié)合”可推斷B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B。

5.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“Windows操作系統(tǒng)是免費(fèi)的”，文章最后一段提到“Microsofttooktheoppositeapproach,lettinganyPCmakerlicensetheWindowsoperatingsystem.微軟采取了相反的方法，即通過(guò)許可允許任何PC制造商使用Windows操作系統(tǒng)”中“許可”一般會(huì)產(chǎn)生費(fèi)用，故A不正確；B項(xiàng)“不考慮用戶的體驗(yàn)”，文章最后一段提到“There'satradeoffhereMicrosoftcouldn'tcontroltheuser'sexperience.微軟無(wú)法控制用戶的體驗(yàn)，這是一種權(quán)衡”，該選項(xiàng)是對(duì)本句的曲解，故不正確。D項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致利潤(rùn)降低和激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，其中“l(fā)owerprofits”在文中并未提及，故不正確；C項(xiàng)“它（即微軟公司通過(guò)許可允許其他公司使用自己軟件的方法）戰(zhàn)勝了蘋果公司的方法”文中第三段提到“Windowstookovertheworldandnowholdsmorethan90percentmarketshare,whileApplesqueaksbywithlessthan5percentworldwide.Windows占據(jù)了全球90%以上的市場(chǎng)份額，而蘋果在全球市場(chǎng)的份額不到5%”可推斷C項(xiàng)正確，故選C。

2.單選題

Thepredictabilityofourmortalityratesissomethingthathaslongpuzzledsocialscientists.Afterall,thereisnonaturalreasonwhy2,500peopleshouldaccidentallyshootthemselveseachyearorwhy7,000shoulddrownor55,000dieintheircars.Nooneestablishesaquotaforeachtypeofdeath.Itjusthappensthattheyfollowaconsistentpatternyearafteryear.

AfewyearsagoaCanadianpsychologistnamedGeraldWildebecameinterestedinthisphenomenon.HenoticedthatmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeathsthroughouttheWesternworldhaveremainedoddlystaticthroughoutthewholeofthecentury,despiteallthetechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandardsthathavehappenedinthattime.Wildedevelopedanintriguingtheorycalled“riskhomeostasis”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleinstinctivelylivewithacertainlevelofrisk.Whensomethingismadesafer,peoplewillgetaroundthemeasureinsomewaytoreasserttheoriginallevelofdanger.If,forinstance,theyarerequiredtowearseatbelts,theywillfeelsaferandthuswilldrivealittlefasterandalittlemorerecklessly,therebystatisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltconfers.Otherstudieshaveshownthatwhereanintersectionismadesafer,theaccidentrateinvariablyfallstherebutrisestoacompensatinglevelelsewherealongthesamestretchofroad.Itappears,then,thatwehaveaninnateneedfordanger.

Inallevents,itisbecomingclearerandclearertoscientiststhatthefactorsinfluencingourlifespanarefarmoresubtleandcomplexthanhadbeenpreviouslythought.Itnowappearsthatifyouwishtolivealonglife,itisn’tsimplyamatterofadheringtocertainprecautions:eatingtherightfoods,notsmoking,drivingwithcare.Youmustalsohavetherightattitude.ScientistsattheDukeUniversityMedicalCentermadea15-yearstudyof500persons’personalitiesandfound,somewhattotheirsurprise,thatpeoplewithasuspiciousormistrustfulnaturedieprematurelyfarmoreoftenthanpeoplewithasunnydisposition.Lookingonthebrightside,itseems,canaddyearstoyourlifespan.

1.Whatsocialscientistshavelongfeltpuzzledaboutiswhy______.

2.Inhisresearch,GeraldWildefindsthattechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandards______.

3.Accordingtothetheoryof“riskhomeostasis”,sometrafficaccidentsresultfrom_______.

4.Bysaying“...statisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltconfers”(Para.2),theauthormeans______.

5.Whichofthefollowingmaycontributetoalongerlifespan?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.themortalityratecannotbepredicted

B.thedeathtollremainedstableyearafteryear

C.aquotaforeachtypeofdeathhasnotcomeintobeing

D.peoplelosttheirliveseveryyearforthisorthatreason

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.havehelpedsolvetheproblemofsohighdeathrate

B.haveoddlyaccountedformortalityratesinthepastcentury

C.havereducedmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeaths

D.haveachievednoeffectinbringingdownthenumberofdeaths

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ourinnatedesireforrisk

B.ourfastandrecklessdriving

C.ourignoranceofseatbeltbenefits

D.ourinstinctiveinterestinspeeding

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.wearingseatbeltsdoesnothaveanybenefitsfromthestatisticpointofview

B.deathsfromwearingseatbeltsarethesameasthosefromnotwearingthem

C.deathsfromotherreasonscounterbalancethebenefitsofwearingseatbelts

D.wearingseatbeltsdoesnotnecessarilyreducedeathsfromtrafficaccidents

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Showingadequatetrustinsteadofsuspicionofothers.

B.Eatingthefoodlowinfatanddrivingwithgreatcare.

C.Cultivatinganoptimisticpersonalityandneverlosingheart.

D.Lookingonthebrightsideanddevelopingabalancedlevelofrisk.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Thepredictabilityofourmortalityratesissomethingthathaslongpuzzledsocialscientists...Nooneestablishesaquotaforeachtypeofdeath.Itjusthappensthattheyfollowaconsistentpatternyearafteryear.（死亡率的可預(yù)測(cè)性長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直困擾著社會(huì)科學(xué)家……沒(méi)有人為每種死亡類型設(shè)定一個(gè)限額。他們只是年復(fù)一年地遵循著一種一成不變的模式。）”由此可知B選項(xiàng)“死亡人數(shù)年復(fù)一年保持穩(wěn)定”說(shuō)法正確。A選項(xiàng)“死亡率無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)”，文章的意思為死亡人數(shù)年復(fù)一年保持穩(wěn)定，所以社會(huì)科學(xué)家很難預(yù)測(cè)死亡率的變化，并不是說(shuō)死亡率不可預(yù)測(cè)，所以A選項(xiàng)說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“還沒(méi)有形成每種死亡類型的限額”和D選項(xiàng)“人們每年因?yàn)檫@個(gè)或那個(gè)原因而失去生命”雖然文中都有提到，但這些都是死亡人數(shù)保持穩(wěn)定的原因，不是主要困擾社會(huì)科學(xué)家們的問(wèn)題。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“HenoticedthatmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeathsthroughouttheWesternworldhaveremainedoddlystaticthroughoutthewholeofthecentury,despiteallthetechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandardsthathavehappenedinthattime.（他注意到，整個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，盡管在這段時(shí)間里發(fā)生了所有的技術(shù)進(jìn)步和安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高，西方世界的暴力和意外死亡死亡率一直保持著奇怪的穩(wěn)定。）”，由此可知技術(shù)進(jìn)步和安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的提高并未降低各種原因的死亡人數(shù)，所以D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有達(dá)到降低死亡人數(shù)的效果”說(shuō)法正確。A選項(xiàng)“幫助解決了高死亡率的問(wèn)題”、B選項(xiàng)“在過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)中對(duì)死亡率的解釋很奇怪”以及C選項(xiàng)“減少了暴力和意外死亡的死亡率”都不符合文章事實(shí)，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Accordingtothistheory,peopleinstinctivelylivewithacertainlevelofrisk.Whensomethingismadesafer,peoplewillgetaroundthemeasureinsomewaytoreasserttheoriginallevelofdanger...Itappears,then,thatwehaveaninnateneedfordanger.（根據(jù)這一理論，人們本能地生活在一定程度的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中。當(dāng)某物變得更安全時(shí)，人們會(huì)以某種方式繞過(guò)該措施，重新確認(rèn)原來(lái)的危險(xiǎn)水平……這樣看來(lái)，我們對(duì)危險(xiǎn)有一種天生的需求。）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“我們天生的冒險(xiǎn)欲望”說(shuō)法正確。B選項(xiàng)“我們的快速和魯莽駕駛”；C選項(xiàng)“我們對(duì)安全帶好處的無(wú)知”；D選項(xiàng)“我們對(duì)超速的本能興趣”文章雖然都有提到，但那些都并不是體內(nèi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)平衡理論主要闡述的導(dǎo)致交通事故的根本原因，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“If,forinstance,theyarerequiredtowearseatbelts,theywillfeelsaferandthuswilldrivealittlefasterandalittlemorerecklessly,therebystatisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltconfers.（例如，如果他們被要求系上安全帶，他們會(huì)感到更安全，因此會(huì)開(kāi)車更快一點(diǎn)，更魯莽一點(diǎn)，從而從統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上抵消了安全帶帶來(lái)的好處。）”，由此可知從統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的角度說(shuō)，開(kāi)快車開(kāi)魯莽車導(dǎo)致的死亡人數(shù)的增加抵消了系保險(xiǎn)帶引起的死亡人數(shù)減少的好處，所以C選項(xiàng)“其他原因造成的死亡抵消了系安全帶的好處”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“從統(tǒng)計(jì)的角度來(lái)看，系安全帶沒(méi)有任何好處”和B選項(xiàng)“系安全帶和不系安全帶造成的死亡是一樣的”以及D選項(xiàng)“系上安全帶不一定能減少交通事故的死亡人數(shù)”都不是作者想要表達(dá)的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段“peoplewithasuspiciousormistrustfulnaturedieprematurelyfarmoreoftenthanpeoplewithasunnydisposition.（性格多疑的人比性格開(kāi)朗的人更容易過(guò)早死亡）”可知A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)他人表現(xiàn)出足夠的信任而不是懷疑”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文章提到的是要保持性格開(kāi)朗，C選項(xiàng)“培養(yǎng)樂(lè)觀的性格，永不氣餒”正確；根據(jù)最后一段“itisn’tsimplyamatterofadheringtocertainprecautions:eatingtherightfoods,notsmoking,drivingwithcare.（這不僅僅是堅(jiān)持某些預(yù)防措施的問(wèn)題：吃正確的食物，不吸煙，小心駕駛。）”可知B選項(xiàng)“吃低脂肪的食物，小心駕駛”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，正確的食物不等于低脂肪的食物；根據(jù)文章最后一句話“Lookingonthebrightside,itseems,canaddyearstoyourlifespan.（往好的方面看，它似乎可以延長(zhǎng)你的壽命。）”可知D選項(xiàng)“看到光明的一面，發(fā)展一個(gè)平衡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，后半句文章沒(méi)有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Theflickerofimpatienceinthehusband'seyesmeltsintobemused_______ashiswifeasksfor"justalittlemoretime"atthemall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resignation

B.regradation

C.retiral

D.reverse

【答案】A

【解析】resignation放棄,順從;regradation倒退,后退;retiral退休,撤退;reverse相反,倒退。句意：當(dāng)妻子要求在商場(chǎng)“再多待一會(huì)兒”時(shí),丈夫眼中閃現(xiàn)的不耐煩化為了呆滯的放棄。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作證；charge負(fù)責(zé)；accuse指控；rectify改正。句意：句意：他是唯一能為這個(gè)案件作證的人，因?yàn)槠渌C人都被神秘殺害了。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe____ofabrilliantcareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.porch

B.edge

C.course

D.threshold

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.porch門廊；門廳B.edge邊；邊緣

C.course方針；行動(dòng)方向D.threshold門檻；門口

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】固定搭配onthethresholdof意為“在……的開(kāi)端；即將開(kāi)始”。句意：作為這所大學(xué)最年輕的教授之一，布朗先生的輝煌事業(yè)……。根據(jù)句意，因?yàn)椴祭氏壬沁@所大學(xué)最年輕的教授，所以他的輝煌事業(yè)即將開(kāi)始。D選項(xiàng)固定搭配符合句意，因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)porch“門廊；門廳”，不符合固定搭配；

B選項(xiàng)edge“邊；邊緣”，ontheedgeof表示“瀕于；在……邊緣”，與布朗先生輝煌的事業(yè)不搭，不符合語(yǔ)境；

C選項(xiàng)course“方針；行動(dòng)方向”，該選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】作為這所大學(xué)最年輕的教授之一，布朗先生即將開(kāi)創(chuàng)輝煌的事業(yè)。

6.填空題

Readingandcomprehendingalargenumberofdocumentsandreports—manyofthemspecializedandtechnical—isavitaltaskthatisintrinsictofulfillingmanagementand________responsibilities.(execute)

【答案】executive

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】intrinsic的用法為beintrinsictosth.，形容詞fulfilling修飾management，意思為“令人心滿意足的”；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞and，可知responsibilities和management是名詞，橫線處和fulfilling為形容詞，executive意思為“執(zhí)行的”，符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】閱讀和理解大量的文件和報(bào)告——其中許多是專業(yè)和技術(shù)性的——是一項(xiàng)至關(guān)重要的任務(wù)，是實(shí)現(xiàn)管理和執(zhí)行職責(zé)所固有的。

7.單選題

Therearesuperstitionsattachedtonumbers;eventhoseancientGreeksbelievedthatallnumbersandtheirmultipleshadsomemysticalsignificance.

Thosenumbersbetween1and13wereinparticulartohaveapowerfulinfluenceovertheaffairsofmen.

Forexample,itiscommonlysaidthatluck,goodorbad,comesinthrees;ifanaccidenthappens,twomoreofthesamekindmaybeexpectedsoonafterwards.Thearrivalofaletterwillbefollowedbytwootherswithinacertainperiod.

Anotherbeliefinvolvingthenumberthreehasitthatitisunluckytolightthreecigarettesfromtheonematch.Ifthishappens,thebadluckthatgoeswiththedeedfallsuponthepersonwhosecigarettewasthelasttobelit.Theill-omenlinkedtothelightingofthreethingsfromonematchorcandlegoesbacktoatleastthe17thcenturyandprobablyearlier.Itwasbelievedthatthreecandlesalightatthesametimewouldbesuretobringbadluck;one,two,orfour,werepermissible,butneverjustthree.

Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.Theancientastrologersbelievedthattheuniversewasgovernedbysevenplanets;studentsofShakespearewillrecallthatthelifeofmanwasdividedintosevenages.Sevenhorseshoesnailedtoahousewillprotectitfromallevil.

Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthreetimesthree.ItwasmuchusedbytheAngloSaxonsintheircharmsforhealing.

Anotherbeliefwasthatgreatchangesoccurredevery7thand9thofaman'slife.Consequently,theageof63(theproductofnineandseven)wasthoughtlobeaveryperiloustimeforhim.Ifhesurvivedhis63rdyearhemighthopetolivetoaripeoldage.

Thirteen,aswewellknow,isregardedwithgreataweandfear.

Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.Thisbeingtheeveofhisbetrayal,itisnotdifficulttounderstandthesignificancegiventothenumberbytheearlyChristians.

Inmoremodemtimes13isanespeciallyunluckynumberofadinnerparty,forexample.Hotelswillavoidnumberingafloorthe13th;theprogressionisfrom12to14,andnoroomisgiventhenumber13.Manyhomeownerswilluse121/2insteadof13astheirhousenumber.

Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople?

2.Theillluckassociatedwith13issupposedtohaveitsoriginin.

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeople’ssuperstitiousbeliefs?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.3and7.

B.3and9.

C.7and9.

D.3and13.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.legend

B.religion

C.popularbelief

D.certaincustoms

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Heismildlycritical.

B.Heisstronglycritical.

C.Heisinfavorofthem.

D.Hisattitudeisnotclear.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第五段中的Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.（七是另一個(gè)重要的數(shù)字，通常被認(rèn)為是好運(yùn)的使者）和第六段中的Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumber（九通常被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)幸運(yùn)的數(shù)字）可知數(shù)字七與九代表好運(yùn)，因此選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段中的Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.（人們普遍認(rèn)為這個(gè)數(shù)字起源于耶穌最后的晚餐中有13人的事實(shí)）可知13這個(gè)數(shù)字來(lái)源于宗教，因此選B。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.（但奇怪的是，出生在13號(hào)的人一點(diǎn)也不害怕，這恰恰說(shuō)明我們迷信的觀念是多么的不理智）可知作者對(duì)迷信帶有點(diǎn)批判的態(tài)度，因此選A。

8.單選題

Comicartcanbe,andoftenis,deadlyserious,atwhichpointitis___difficulttocategorizeit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.awfully

B.indicatively

C.crucially

D.ultimately

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)awfully“可怕地；十分；非常；很”；B選項(xiàng)indicatively“指示地，表示地；象征地；陳述地”；C選項(xiàng)crucially“關(guān)鍵地；至關(guān)重要地”；D選項(xiàng)ultimately“最后；根本；基本上”。句意：喜劇藝術(shù)可以是，而且往往是極度的嚴(yán)肅，在這一點(diǎn)上很難對(duì)它進(jìn)行分類。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，A為正確答案。

9.單選題

Onnoaccount______toanyonewhoworksinthecompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mynamemustbementioned

B.mynamemustmention

C.mustmynamebementioned

D.mustmynamemention

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：無(wú)論如何不能向在公司工作的任何人提及我的名字。根據(jù)否定詞謂語(yǔ)句首，確定用部分倒裝，語(yǔ)序是否定詞+be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+剩余部分；根據(jù)myname和mention是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，確定用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。C選項(xiàng)mustmynamebementioned符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Themandenied______anythingatthesupermarketwhenhewasquestionedbythepolice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohavestolen

B.tosteal

C.havingstolen

D.havingbeenstealing

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：警察盤問(wèn)那人時(shí)，他否認(rèn)偷了超市里的任何東西。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)denydoingsth.確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞ing形式，根據(jù)steal的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在deny之前，確定用完成時(shí)，C選項(xiàng)havingstolen符合題意。沒(méi)有denytodosth.的用法，A選項(xiàng)tohavestolen和B選項(xiàng)tosteal錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)havingbeenstealing沒(méi)有這個(gè)用法，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Ⅸ.(LitigationProcedure)

Arelatedconsequenceofthetrial’sdisappearancewouldbetheincreasingbureaucratizationofAmericansociety.Corporatebureaucraciesrationallyorganizedtoachieveprofitmaximizationwouldbelessqualified.Wewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonouroftenpoliticallybeleagueredadministrativeagenciestocontrolthelatter.Andevenwithinthelegalsystemitself,formalisticmodesofadjudication,whichparallelbureaucraticdecision-making,wouldbelessqualified.Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.InsofarasabureaucraticapparatusgrindsforwardmechanicallyandinexorablywemayendupwithwhatHannahArendthasfamouslycalledanirresponsible“rulebynobody”.

Itisunlikely,however,inmanycasesthatgeneralrulesreallydodecideparticularcases.Insteadofamechanicalsystemdecidingcasesdeductively,whatwewillprobablyhaveinmanycasesarejudgesdecidingcasesintheintersticesofcomplexruleswhichdonotthemselvesdecidethecase.Unlikethedevicesofthetrial,whichcanreally“getinside”thedecision-makerandwhosemoralsourcesactuallycantrumpthesubjectivityofalonedecision-maker,complexpatternsofjurisdictional,procedural,evidentiary,andsubstantiverulescaninvitemanipulationbyaCartesianjudgeviewingthoserulesfromadistance.Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.Thereisanothereffectofthedecliningimportanceofpublicprocessesofadjudication.

Wearecontinuingtoloseamajorsourceofpublicinformationonimportantquestionsofgeneralconcern.“Aslongascourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdatainvolumeandkindoutstrippingthatproducedaboutadjudicationinadministrativeagencies,andaslongasprivateprovidersdonotregularlydisseminateinformationaboutorprovideaccesstotheirprocesses,”then“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges，andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”

83.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthatbureaucraticmodesofsocialordering___.

84.ThestatementclosestinmeaningtoJudgePosner’sstatementis___.

85.Whencourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdata,thedecliningtrialratedoesNOTcomewith___.

86.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillNOThappeniftrialdisappearsintheUnitedStates?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.donotlookintovalueorpreferencebutratherrelyonjudgmentorintuitionwhenmakingdecision

B.havenothingtodowithvalueorpreference

C.areakindofadministrativetask

D.relyonjudgmentorintuition

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Areallyskillfullegalanalystcanalwayscoveroverhimself

B.Askillfuljudgecanalwaysfindalegalreasonforhisjudgment

C.Thelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused

D.Legalvarnishcancoveroverlegaloutcome

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.decreaseofpublicknowledgeofdisputes

B.diminutionofpublicinformationregardingjudges’behavior

C.growthofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

D.lesseningofpublicawarenessofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Formalisticmodesofadjudicationwouldbelessqualified.

B.Corporatebureaucracieswouldbecomelessqualified.

C.Peoplewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonadministrativeagencies.

D.Bureaucraticdecision-makingwouldbequalified.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】83.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.（社會(huì)秩序的官僚模式尋求“排除與行政任務(wù)明顯無(wú)關(guān)的價(jià)值或偏好問(wèn)題，并將依賴不可復(fù)制、不可審查的判斷或直覺(jué)視為一種非常沒(méi)有吸引力的決策方法”）可知官僚模式將直覺(jué)視為決策方法，選A選項(xiàng)“不考慮價(jià)值或偏好，而是依靠判斷或直覺(jué)做決定”；B選項(xiàng)“與價(jià)值或偏好無(wú)關(guān)”，C選項(xiàng)“是一種行政任務(wù)”以及D選項(xiàng)“依靠判斷或直覺(jué)”和原文不符。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

84.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“JudgePosner”定位到原文第二段Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainande