考研考博-英語-南京醫(yī)科大學康達學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京醫(yī)科大學康達學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Culturecannotbesimplyamatterofpolitics,ofcourse.[l]Politics,afterall,isconcernedwithinfluencingtheinstitutionsofthestateandtheseareoflimiteduseinaffectingtheculture.Noteventhetotalitarianstatehasbeenabletoachievetheculturalgoalsitsetitself,thedemocraticstateisanevenlesslikelyagentofculturalchange,andindeed,intheAmericantraditionofdemocracy,itshouldnotaimtobethat.Consequently,aculturalagendacannotbeapoliticalagendaonly.Itwillhavetobepursuedinmanydifferentinstitutions,mostimportantlyintheinstitutionsofcivilsociety.Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.[2]Notsurprisingly,thentouchofAmericanpoliticsinrecentdecadeshasbeenovertheso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.Thatis,theseissueshaveinvolvedconflictsoverthequestionsofwhoweareandhowwearetolivetogether.

[3]Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.[4]Sincetheearlynineteen-seventiestheDemocraticPartyhasalmostcompletelyidentifieditselfwiththeagendaoftheculturalLeft(considerablylesssowithotherLeftpositions,suchasthoseoneconomicorforeignpolicy).Giventheimportanceofhighlyorganizedpressuregroups,especiallyintheprimaryprocess,thecaptivityoftheDemocraticPartytothecultureof"thesixties"hasbeenmassive.TheRepublicanpictureishardlymoreencouraging.Anincreasinglyvocalsegmentofthatparty'sconstituencyhastakenradicallyanti-"progressive"positionsontheculturalissues.Andagain,thesegroupshavehadaninfluencefarbeyondtheirnumericalstrengthbecauseoftheirstrategicroleinthemechanicsofelections,especiallyontileprimarylevel.[5]Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.[6]Thus,forinstance,traditionallyDemocraticlaborofficialsarenotverycrediblewhentheyexpressenthusiasmforgayrights,neitherare"country-club"Republicanswhentheyvoiceoutrageoverabortionorthedeclineofsexualmorality.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue”owingtothefactthat______.

2.Theauthordeemsthat______.

3.Allofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwo-partysystemareimpliedinthepassageEXCEPTthat______.

4.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

5.Theword"credible"inthelastsentenceprobablymeans______.

問題1選項

A.culturesimplyexpressesitselfasamatterofpolitics

B.cultureplaysdifferentrolesindifferentstates

C.politicalpartiesusecultureasatooltopromotetheirideologies

D.politicianssetculturalgoalsandthuschangecultureattheirpleasure

問題2選項

A.Americancourts,ineffect,servethepurposeofdemocracy

B."social"or"value"issuesinrecentdecadesarenomorethancultureissues

C.cultureinfluencestheinstitutionsofthestate

D.aculturalagendasimplyreflectstheaimsofthecurrentadministration

問題3選項

A.neitherpartyobjectivelystandsonthemiddlegroundonculturalissues

B.eitherpartyrejectsthosewhoholddifferentpoliticalviewpoints

C.theRepublicanPartyhasbeenidentifiedastheright-wingparty

D.bothDemocratic'andRepublicanleadersarehypocriticalinpromotingculturalprogress

問題4選項

A.theoperationofthetwo-partysystem

B.cultureinapoliticalsense

C.cultureindifferentinstitutions

D.culturalagendaofdietwoparties

問題5選項

A.deservingtobebelieved

B.deservingpraiseorapproval

C.capableofbeingrealized

D.capableofbeingrespected

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.”因為國家的巨大權力被用來促進各種意識形態(tài)的目的。選項C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段“Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.”選項A錯誤；根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第三句“...theso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.”不僅僅是文化問題,所以選項B也錯誤；選項C符合原文,選項D在文中沒有提及。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.”可知選項A正確；根據(jù)第二段“Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.”可知選項B正確；根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.”可知選項D正確,只要選項C在文中未提及。

4.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知。本文的兩個關鍵詞是政治和文化,所以選項B符合原文。

5.credible指值得被相信的,選項A正確。

2.單選題

PresidentBanda’sbackgroundasadoctorhasgivenhim____intothemedicalproblemthatfacethecountry.

問題1選項

A.aview

B.avision

C.aninsight

D.asight

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析與固定搭配。A選項aview“（~about/onsth）看法，見解”；B選項avision“想象；幻想”；C選項aninsight“對某事的理解”；D選項asight“（看見的或看得見的）事物或景象；一個滑稽可笑的人或物”。句意：班達總統(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他____這個國家面臨的醫(yī)療問題?？偨y(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他對醫(yī)療問題更了解，原文givenhim____intothemedicalproblem，考查固定搭配giveaninsightinto“洞察……；深入了解……”。B選項vision意為“遠見卓識”是不可數(shù)，C選項最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

3.單選題

Britainhas（）trialsofdriverlesscarsinfourEnglishcities,withthegovernmentclaimingthenationwasuniquelyplacedtoleadthedevelopmentofthenewtechnology.

問題1選項

A.launched

B.surged

C.prevailed

D.yielded

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項launched表示“發(fā)起，開展，啟動，發(fā)射”；B選項surged表示“洶涌，蜂擁而來”；C選項prevailed表示“流行”；D選項yielded表示“產(chǎn)出，屈服，放棄”。空缺處所缺內(nèi)容為動詞，且需搭配賓語trialsofdriverlesscars，由此可知，只有A選項launched最符合句意，表示“開展無人駕駛試驗”。故本題正確答案為A選項。

4.單選題

Wemaintainareflexive,（）affectionforUncleRalph,theboringfellowwithinterminablestoriesofatimeweneverknew.

問題1選項

A.hateful

B.distanced

C.loving

D.glaring

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。hateful“可恨的”；distanced“距離遠的”；loving“忠誠的”；glaring“耀眼的，瞪視的”。句意：我們對Ralph叔叔有一種反射式的疏遠式的喜愛，這個無聊的家伙一次性沒完沒了地講了很多我們不知道的故事。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Janehas（）wontherespectofeveryoneinthefieldofdancebothforthesocietyandherself.

問題1選項

A.deservedly

B.exactly

C.despicably

D.diffusely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。deservedly“理所應當?shù)亍?；exactly“恰好地”；despicably“可鄙地，卑劣地”；diffusely“廣泛地，擴散地”。選項A符合題意，簡理所應當贏得大家的尊重。

6.單選題

Loomingoverthedebateabouthumaninterferenceintheworld’sborealforestsisanasyetunanswerablequestion:Willtheeffectsofglobalwarmingeventuallydwarfman’simpact?

問題1選項

A.raisetogreaterimportance

B.makemoredifficulttomeasure

C.causetoappearsmall

D.bringtoanabruptend

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。橫線單詞dwarf意為“（使）變矮；使顯得矮小；使無足輕重”；A選項“raisetogreaterimportance”意為“提高重要性”；B選項“makemoredifficulttomeasure”意為“使得……更難以測量”；C選項“causetoappearsmall”意為“使……顯得不重要”；D選項“bringtoanabruptend”意為“突然結(jié)束、停止”。句意：關于人類對世界寒帶森林干預的爭論迫在眉睫，這是一個至今無法回答的問題：全球變暖的影響最終會使人類的影響變得無關緊要嗎？由題干可知，theeffectsofglobalwarming（全球變暖的影響）和man’simpact（人類的影響）是兩組不同的影響，題目意在將全球變暖的影響和人類的影響相比較，是否全球變暖會使得人類的影響變得微不足道。由此可知，dwarf在此處最可能是“使無足輕重”的意思。因此C選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Whoeverhasskillsandknowledgeinthiscountry,Ibelieve,shouldbeproperlytreatedandrewarded（）hiseducationalbackgroundandfamilyorigin.

問題1選項

A.despiteof

B.regardlessof

C.letalone

D.becauseof

【答案】B

【解析】despiteof盡管；regardlessof不管，不顧；letalone更不用說，聽任；becauseof因為，由于。句意：我認為，在這個國家無論誰擁有技術和知識，無論他的教育背景和家庭出身如何，都應該得到適當?shù)膶Υ酮剟睢＿x項B符合句意。

8.單選題

Thesearesignsthatthepresidencywillattempttoputenvironmentalissuesonhighits（

）.

問題1選項

A.legislation

B.trend

C.mainstream

D.agenda

【答案】D

【解析】legislation立法，法律；trend趨勢，傾向；mainstream主流；agenda議程，日程表。句意：這些跡象表明，總統(tǒng)將試圖把環(huán)境問題提上議程。選項D符合句意。

9.翻譯題

這個電壓為原來的2/5。

【答案】Thisvoltageistwo-fifthoftheoriginalvoltage.

10.單選題

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”，soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（）.

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（）.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

問題1選項

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

問題2選項

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore

問題3選項

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.

問題4選項

A.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling

B.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic

C.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely

D.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

問題5選項

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。A:作者不習慣討價還價。B:亞洲人買東西總是講價。C:在老撾，討價還價是安靜而和平的。D:作家準備和那個女人討價還價。第五段指出:Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia(我決定買一條那樣的裙子，我開始和她討價還價。在亞洲，討價還價是一種習俗)。由此得知，B項和D項正確。第五段還指出:InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness(在老撾，討價還價是以較低的聲音，和一種輕松平靜的方式進行的)。因此C項正確。只有A項在原文中找不到線索，故選A。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。第六段指出:ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining(對于我能夠說一些她們國家的語言她感到非常高興，雖然我說的大部分都是一些數(shù)字，但是在她看來我是非常清楚這種輕松愉悅的討價還價的方式的)。由此可知這位姑娘因作者能夠說她們國家的語言和懂得相關的討價還價的方式而感到高興。后面接著寫到:Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade(她感到非常開心，以至于讓我感到意外的是，她竟然接受了我最后的出價)。因此C項“感到高興，因為作者知道她們討價還價的方法”正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第六段指出:Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase(這個價格實在是太低了。她太慷慨了，幾乎賺不到什么錢。擔心她因為我買得多而再次降低價格，我迅速地再挑了兩條裙子，付錢，然后離開)。故選C項“她想做點什么作為補償”。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。倒數(shù)第三段指出:Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy(我學會了抗拒困難，不知不覺中，我也學會了不被溫柔輕松俘獲)。由此可見，作者沒哭是因為她已經(jīng)學會讓情緒不輕易受到影響，故選A項“她已經(jīng)學會了保持冷靜”。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry...(對于她的這種慷慨精神毫無防御，這次我哭了……)。因此作者最后還是哭了是因為當她再次打開包裝想看一下這些裙子時才發(fā)現(xiàn)這位老撾姑娘送了自己五條長長的絲帶，因此C項“她沒有控制住自己的情緒”正確。

11.單選題

Itisadvisableto________anelectricwirewithrubberinordertosecuresafety.

問題1選項

A.desolate

B.resolute

C.insolate

D.insulate

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。desolate“使荒涼，使孤寂”；resolute“堅決的，剛毅的”；insolate“使暴曬”，insulate“隔離，使絕緣”。句意：為了安全起見，最好在電線涂上橡膠以絕緣。選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Theillegalimmigrantswerecaughtand（

）bythelocalgovernment.

問題1選項

A.relegated

B.banished

C.deported

D.expatriated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。relegate“降級”；banish“放逐，驅(qū)逐”；deport“驅(qū)逐出境，放逐”；expatriate“流放，官方法令強迫離開某國或某地”。句意：這些非法移民被抓了，并且被當?shù)卣?qū)逐出境。此句指的是驅(qū)逐出境，故C項正確。

13.單選題

Nobodylikestaxes.

Nowthat’safairlysafestatementtomake.IknowIdon’t.OneofthereasonsImovedbacktotheUSfromCanada,isthatAmericanspayfarfewertaxesthanCanadiansdo.Infact,itseemstobepartoftheAmericandreamtoavoidpayinganytaxes.Wedon’twanttopaythemontheInternet.Manystatesdon’twanttheircitizenstopaystatetaxes.Andahugefederalincometaxcutwasjustpushedthrough.

Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.Braintreehasaproblem.NotonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5—thelawthatsaysthetowngovernmentcannotraiseeachyear’staxlevymorethan2.5percentabovethepreviousyear’scharges.Nordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.WhichmeanthatresidenttaxrateswereamongthelowestintheBostonarea.

Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.Especiallyitsschools.Whileeverybodywaspattinghimselforherselfonthebackforkeepingtaxesdown,school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.Theschooldepartmentwants$100milliontofixtheschools.Millionsmorewillbeneededforroadrepairsandfixingthetown’sworseningwaterandsewerlines.

Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear.Andprobablyforthenextfewyearsaswell.Anddon’tforget,thissituationaffectsmorethanjustthetown’sinfrastructure.Realestatepriceswillsufferaswell.Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?

Thereisalessoninallthis—notpayingenoughtaxisjustasbadaspayingtoomuchtax.TherearesomepeopleintheUSwhopointoutthatalltaxmoneyshouldbegivenbacktoindividuals,notthevariousbranchesofgovernment.It’sourmoney,theycry.Inoneway,agreewiththem,itisourmoney.Butthefacttheyconvenientlyforget—orignore—isthatthemoneythegovernmentkeepsis“our”moneyaswell.That’sbecauseitpaysforOURschools,OURroads,OURmilitary,OURcommunitiesinneedofhelpaftereventslikefloodsorotherdisasters.

1.InwhatwaymightpeopleofBraintreethinkdifferentaboutpayingtaxes?

2.WhatmakestheauthorcometotheconclusionthatpeopleinBraintreepaythelowesttaxratesintheBostonareaisthefactthat________.

3.WhatistheallegedproblemthatfacesBraintreeatpresent?

4.Whentheauthorquotesfromhismotherthat“onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong”(thefourthparagraph),hemeansthat________.

5.Withregardtopayingtaxes,theauthorisactuallysayingthat________.

問題1選項

A.Theythinkthegovernment’staxcutplanisimpracticable.

B.Theythinktheyhavebeenpayingtoomanytaxes.

C.Theythinkthetowngovernmentmisusethetaxestheyhavepaid.

D.Theythinkpayingenoughtaxesisnecessarytokeepingthingsgoing.

問題2選項

A.thetownhasneverchangeditstaxationlawinthelast20years

B.thetownhasbeenafast-developingone

C.thetownhasneverfloatedbondstopayitsdebtinthelast20years

D.manymoreschools,roadsandthelikehavebeenbuiltrecently

問題3選項

A.Nooneiswillingtopayanytaxes.

B.Notenoughattentionispaidtoeducations.

C.Thetownnothaveenoughmoneytoexpanditsinfrastructure.

D.Thetowndoesnotcollectenoughtaxestokeepitselfingoodshape.

問題4選項

A.onehastotastethebitterresultifheisblindtoaproblem

B.keepingeverythingingoodorderistooheavyaburdenforasmalltown

C.oneshouldneverkeepanelephantinhislivingroomforlong

D.smalltownshouldnotlevytooheavyataxagainstpeople’swill

問題5選項

A.payingenoughtaxesisthecitizen’sobligation

B.hedoesnotliketaxesandwouldavoidthemifhecould

C.thegovernmentshouldnotabusethetaxes

D.thegovernmentshouldnotlevytooheavyatax

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.（毫無疑問，仍然有人認為我們納稅太多。但是馬薩諸塞州布倫特里人可能想法不同。）和第四段第一、二句Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.（但有一個問題。布倫特里正在分崩離析。），可知布倫特里人不認為他們納稅過多，相反因為納稅過少導致問題出現(xiàn)，D選項“他們認為付足夠的稅是維持生活的必要條件”正確；B選項“他們認為他們已經(jīng)納稅太多”不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。A選項“他們認為政府的減稅計劃行不通”和C選項“他們認為市政府濫用他們繳納的稅款”：文中沒有提到政府減稅和政府濫用稅款，屬于無中生有。因此D選項正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句Nordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.（他們也沒有發(fā)行任何債券來償還債務。），可知C選項“在過去的20年里，這個城鎮(zhèn)從未發(fā)行過債券來償還債務”正確。A選項“在過去的20年里，這個城鎮(zhèn)從未改變過稅法”：根據(jù)第三段第四句NotonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5（在過去的20年里，該鎮(zhèn)從未通過無視2.5號提案的決議），沒有提到關于納稅的所有法規(guī)都沒有通過，只是關于其中一項沒有改變，屬于曲解原文。B選項“這個城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展很快”：根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.（布倫特里還是一個相當繁華的商業(yè)小鎮(zhèn)。），但這不等同于小鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展速度很快，屬于曲解原文。D選項“最近修建了更多的學校、道路和類似的東西”：根據(jù)第四段第四句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded（學校、道路、橋梁等設施的年久失修，并沒有得到應有的關注），可知不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。因此C選項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第四、五句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.（學校、道路、橋梁等設施的年久失修，并沒有得到應有的關注。但即使人們注意到了，也做不了什么，因為鎮(zhèn)上沒有足夠的錢來支付必要的維修費用。），可知問題的根源在于沒有錢，而這是因為征稅不足，D選項“這個城鎮(zhèn)沒有征收足夠的稅來保持良好發(fā)展”正確；不修繕學校不是因為不重視教育，而是缺少資金，B選項“對教育不夠重視”屬于曲解原文；這里提到的不是擴大基礎設施，只是對其進行維修，C選項“這個城鎮(zhèn)沒有足夠的錢來擴大它的基礎設施”屬于曲解原文。A選項“沒有人愿意交稅”：根據(jù)第五段Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear…Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?（天啊，天啊，今年在布倫特里的人們要交某種稅了……誰愿意搬到一個學校破敗、道路糟糕、水源問題叢生的小鎮(zhèn)？），這里暗指人們愿意交稅，不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。

因此D選項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第六、七句Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.（就像我媽媽常說的，人們只能忽視客廳里的大象這么久了?，F(xiàn)在是時候付錢了。），客廳里的大象是非常明顯的現(xiàn)象，指的是納稅不足導致的各種問題，而這個問題如果不解決，遲早有一天會嚴重到不得不解決的獨步，A選項“如果一個人對問題視而不見，就會嘗到苦果”正確；C選項“一個人不應該把大象長時間放在客廳里”僅僅解釋了字面意思，沒有解釋內(nèi)涵，屬于偷換概念；這里表達的意思是需要增稅，D選項“小鎮(zhèn)不應該征收違背人們意愿的重稅”屬于反向干擾。B選項“對于一個小鎮(zhèn)來說，保持一切井井有條負擔太沉重”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此A選項正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者在第一、二段闡述不想納稅的觀點，隨后舉出布倫特因為納稅不夠而導致問題的例子，在最后一段總結(jié)征稅過多和過少都會導致問題，并且強調(diào)政府的錢最后用于公民的生活，A選項“繳納足夠的稅款是公民的義務”正確；D選項“不應征稅過重”文中有提到，但是不是重點，屬于曲解原文。B選項“他不喜歡稅收，如果可能，他會盡量避免”：作者在開頭提出不喜歡征稅的觀點是為了吸引讀者注意和欲揚先抑，這不是作者想要表達的核心觀點，屬于反向干擾。C選項“不應濫用稅收”：文中沒有提到政府濫用稅收，屬于無中生有。因此A選項正確。

14.單選題

Thepeoplefortheexperimentwerechosencompletely（）random.

問題1選項

A.at

B.in

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】介詞短語辨析。句意：用來做實驗的人完全是隨機挑選的。at和random搭配意為“任意地，隨便地”，因此A選項為正確答案。

15.單選題

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecov-rysystems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,wherehighratesfheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,owever,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceerup-ivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspon-aneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultofrecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichin-olvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebe-ngdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDRs,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtoreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycircula-ionofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150°C,istdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslyeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100oCmayeusefulforspaceheating；however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Careesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachaesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.Temperaturegra-ientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssocia-ionofPetroleum